1
|
Jiang C, Ma CY, Hazlehurst TA, Ilett TP, Jackson ASM, Hogg DC, Roberts KJ. Automated Growth Rate Measurement of the Facet Surfaces of Single Crystals of the β-Form of l-Glutamic Acid Using Machine Learning Image Processing. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:3277-3288. [PMID: 38659658 PMCID: PMC11036364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Precision measurement of the growth rate of individual single crystal facets (hkl) represents an important component in the design of industrial crystallization processes. Current approaches for crystal growth measurement using optical microscopy are labor intensive and prone to error. An automated process using state-of-the-art computer vision and machine learning to segment and measure the crystal images is presented. The accuracies and efficiencies of the new crystal sizing approach are evaluated against existing manual and semi-automatic methods, demonstrating equivalent accuracy but over a much shorter time, thereby enabling a more complete kinematic analysis of the overall crystallization process. This is applied to measure in situ the crystal growth rates and through this determining the associated kinetic mechanisms for the crystallization of β-form l-glutamic acid from the solution phase. Growth on the {101} capping faces is consistent with a Birth and Spread mechanism, in agreement with the literature, while the growth rate of the {021} prismatic faces, previously not available in the literature, is consistent with a Burton-Cabrera-Frank screw dislocation mechanism. At a typical supersaturation of σ = 0.78, the growth rate of the {101} capping faces (3.2 × 10-8 m s-1) is found to be 17 times that of the {021} prismatic faces (1.9 × 10-9 m s-1). Both capping and prismatic faces are found to have dead zones in their growth kinetic profiles, with the capping faces (σc = 0.23) being about half that of the prismatic faces (σc = 0.46). The importance of this overall approach as an integral component of the digital design of industrial crystallization processes is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Cai Y. Ma
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Thomas A. Hazlehurst
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Thomas P. Ilett
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Alexander S. M. Jackson
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - David C. Hogg
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Natividad-Marin L, Burns MW, Schneider P. A comparison of struvite precipitation thermodynamics and kinetics modelling techniques. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:1393-1422. [PMID: 37001156 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Solution thermodynamics and kinetic modelling applied to struvite crystallisation-precipitation were reviewed from diverse references to determine proximity between predicted and cited experimental measurements. These simulations show the expected variability range of struvite saturation calculation when only limited solution compositional information is given, showing acceptable agreement between predicted and experimental struvite mass. This work also compares results from struvite crystallisation kinetic studies on liquid phase species depletion, crystallisation induction time, primary nucleation, secondary nucleation, crystal growth, and crystal aggregation. Large inconsistencies between reported kinetics were observed in many scenarios. Variations in species depletion models highlighted that they are only suitably applied to the specific system from which they were regressed. Spontaneous primary nucleation was predicted to occur in the range of SI = 0.237-0.8. Predicted primary nucleation rates vary over at least 10 orders of magnitude (depending on supersaturation) because of uncertainties in interfacial tension and maximum achievable nucleation rate. Secondary nucleation rates are more agreeable, varying over approximately two orders of magnitude. Growth rates varied over five orders of magnitude due to variations in experimental conditions. Aggregation rates are not thoroughly examined enough to make any inferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leynard Natividad-Marin
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Dr, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia E-mail:
| | - Max William Burns
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Dr, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia E-mail:
| | - Phil Schneider
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Dr, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mitrović MM, Maksimović BZ, Vučetić BM, Milojević MM, Žekić AA. Coexistence of Different Growth Mechanisms of Sodium Chlorate under the Same Experimental Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:21909-21914. [PMID: 34497886 PMCID: PMC8412896 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dependence of growth rates of {100} sodium chlorate crystal faces on solution supersaturation in the range of 0.44-1.32% was analyzed. It has been shown that the growth rate dispersion does not have a consequence only in the growth parameter differences predicted by specific crystal growth theory but that individual crystal faces may grow with different mechanisms under the same experimental conditions. The majority of the observed {100} sodium chlorate crystal faces grew in accordance with the power law R ∼ σ n , whereas approximately one-third of them grew in accordance with BCF or Chernov's theories. Possible reasons for this as well as for the coexistence of crystal faces, which grew with different mechanisms under the same conditions, have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mićo M. Mitrović
- University of Belgrade −
Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Z. Maksimović
- University of Belgrade −
Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislava M. Vučetić
- University of Belgrade −
Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica M. Milojević
- University of Belgrade −
Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrijana A. Žekić
- University of Belgrade −
Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen TTH, Turner TD, Matinong AME, Marziano I, Hammond RB, Roberts KJ. Measured Growth Rates of Ibuprofen: Comparing Single Crystal and Bulk Suspensions Data. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thai Thu Hien Nguyen
- University of Leeds Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products School of Chemical and Process Engineering Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT Leeds UK
| | - Thomas D. Turner
- University of Leeds Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products School of Chemical and Process Engineering Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT Leeds UK
| | - Andrea M. E. Matinong
- University of Leeds Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products School of Chemical and Process Engineering Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT Leeds UK
| | - Ivan Marziano
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development CT13 9NJ Sandwich UK
| | - Robert B. Hammond
- University of Leeds Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products School of Chemical and Process Engineering Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT Leeds UK
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- University of Leeds Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products School of Chemical and Process Engineering Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT Leeds UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perini G, Avendaño C, Hicks W, Parsons AR, Vetter T. Predicting filtration of needle-like crystals: A Monte Carlo simulation study of polydisperse packings of spherocylinders. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Hadjittofis E, Isbell MA, Karde V, Varghese S, Ghoroi C, Heng JYY. Influences of Crystal Anisotropy in Pharmaceutical Process Development. Pharm Res 2018; 35:100. [PMID: 29556822 PMCID: PMC5859710 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline materials are of crucial importance to the pharmaceutical industry, as a large number of APIs are formulated in crystalline form, occasionally in the presence of crystalline excipients. Owing to their multifaceted character, crystals were found to have strongly anisotropic properties. In fact, anisotropic properties were found to be quite important for a number of processes including milling, granulation and tableting. An understanding of crystal anisotropy and an ability to control and predict crystal anisotropy are mostly subjects of interest for researchers. A number of studies dealing with the aforementioned phenomena are grounded on over-simplistic assumptions, neglecting key attributes of crystalline materials, most importantly the anisotropic nature of a number of their properties. Moreover, concepts such as the influence of interfacial phenomena in the behaviour of crystalline materials during their growth and in vivo, are still poorly understood. The review aims to address concepts from a molecular perspective, focusing on crystal growth and dissolution. It begins with a brief outline of fundamental concepts of intermolecular and interfacial phenomena. The second part discusses their relevance to the field of pharmaceutical crystal growth and dissolution. Particular emphasis is given to works dealing with mechanistic understandings of the influence of solvents and additives on crystal habit. Furthermore, comments and perspectives, highlighting future directions for the implementation of fundamental concepts of interfacial phenomena in the rational understanding of crystal growth and dissolution processes, have been provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eftychios Hadjittofis
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark Antonin Isbell
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vikram Karde
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophia Varghese
- DryProTech Laboratory, Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Chinmay Ghoroi
- DryProTech Laboratory, Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rajagopalan AK, Schneeberger J, Salvatori F, Bötschi S, Ochsenbein DR, Oswald MR, Pollefeys M, Mazzotti M. A comprehensive shape analysis pipeline for stereoscopic measurements of particulate populations in suspension. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Radiša BZ, Mitrović MM, Misailović BM, Žekić AA. Investigation of Growth Mechanisms of Sodium Chlorate Crystals from Aqueous Solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Z. Radiša
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mićo M. Mitrović
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andrijana A. Žekić
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Albuquerque I, Mazzotti M, Ochsenbein DR, Morari M. Effect of needle-like crystal shape on measured particle size distributions. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian de Albuquerque
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Process Engineering; Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marco Mazzotti
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Process Engineering; Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - David R. Ochsenbein
- ETH Zurich, Automatic Control Laboratory; Physikstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Manfred Morari
- ETH Zurich, Automatic Control Laboratory; Physikstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|