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Wilhelmsen M, Christensen IJ, Rasmussen L, Jørgensen LN, Madsen MR, Vilandt J, Hillig T, Klaerke M, Nielsen KT, Laurberg S, Brünner N, Gawel S, Yang X, Davis G, Heijboer A, Martens F, Nielsen HJ. Detection of colorectal neoplasia: Combination of eight blood-based, cancer-associated protein biomarkers. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1436-1446. [PMID: 27935033 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Serological biomarkers may be an option for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study assessed eight cancer-associated protein biomarkers in plasma from subjects undergoing first time ever colonoscopy due to symptoms attributable to colorectal neoplasia. Plasma AFP, CA19-9, CEA, hs-CRP, CyFra21-1, Ferritin, Galectin-3 and TIMP-1 were determined in EDTA-plasma using the Abbott ARCHITECT® automated immunoassay platform. Primary endpoints were detection of (i) CRC and high-risk adenoma and (ii) CRC. Logistic regression was performed. Final reduced models were constructed selecting the four biomarkers with the highest likelihood scores. Subjects (N = 4,698) were consecutively included during 2010-2012. Colonoscopy detected 512 CRC patients, 319 colonic cancer and 193 rectal cancer. Extra colonic malignancies were detected in 177 patients, 689 had adenomas of which 399 were high-risk, 1,342 had nonneoplastic bowell disease and 1,978 subjects had 'clean' colorectum. Univariable analysis demonstrated that all biomarkers were statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the blood-based biomarkers in combination significantly predicted the endpoints. The reduced model resulted in the selection of CEA, hs-CRP, CyFra21-1 and Ferritin for the two endpoints; AUCs were 0.76 and 0.84, respectively. The postive predictive value at 90% sensitivity was 25% for endpoint 1 and the negative predictive value was 93%. For endpoint 2, the postive predictive value was 18% and the negative predictive value was 97%. Combinations of serological protein biomarkers provided a significant identification of subjects with high risk of the presence of colorectal neoplasia. The present set of biomarkers could become important adjunct in early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wilhelmsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ib J Christensen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Louise Rasmussen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lars N Jørgensen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Mogens R Madsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Herning Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herning, Denmark
| | - Jesper Vilandt
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hillerød Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Thore Hillig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hillerød Hospital, Denmark
| | - Michael Klaerke
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Horsens Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Knud T Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Randers Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Randers, Denmark
| | - Søren Laurberg
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Aarhus Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nils Brünner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Gawel
- Cancer Core R&D, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Cancer Core R&D, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gerard Davis
- Cancer Core R&D, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Annemieke Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, VU medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Martens
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, VU medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Chamberland JP, Moon HS. Down-regulation of malignant potential by alpha linolenic acid in human and mouse colon cancer cells. Fam Cancer 2015; 14:25-30. [PMID: 25336096 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-014-9762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (also called ω-3 fatty acis or n-3 fatty acid) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with a double bond (C=C) at the third carbon atom from the end of the carbon chain. Numerous test tube and animal studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids may prevent or inhibit the growth of cancers, suggesting that omega-3 fatty acids are important in cancer physiology. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is one of an essential omega-3 fatty acid and organic compound found in seeds (chia and flaxseed), nuts (notably walnuts), and many common vegetable oils. ALA has also been shown to down-regulate cell proliferation of prostate, breast, and bladder cancer cells. However, direct evidence that ALA suppresses to the development of colon cancer has not been studied. Also, no previous studies have evaluated whether ALA may regulate malignant potential (adhesion, invasion and colony formation) in colon cancer cells. In order to address the questions above, we conducted in vitro studies and evaluated whether ALA may down-regulate malignant potential in human (HT29 and HCT116) and mouse (MCA38) colon cancer cell lines. We observed that treatment with 1-5 mM of ALA inhibits cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion in both human and mouse colon cancer cell lines. Interestingly, we observed that ALA did not decrease total colony numbers when compared to control. By contrast, we found that size of colony was significantly changed by ALA treatment when compared to control in all colon cancer cell lines. We suggest that our data enhance our current knowledge of ALA's mechanism and provide crucial information to further the development of new therapies for the management or chemoprevention of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Chamberland
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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