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Rohn EJ, Hearn JH, Philippus AM, Monden KR. "It's been a double-edged sword": An online qualitative exploration of the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with spinal cord injury in the US with comparisons to previous UK findings. J Spinal Cord Med 2024; 47:51-63. [PMID: 36260026 PMCID: PMC10795552 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2022.2129164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns and social distancing for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) are poorly understood. This exploratory online qualitative study collected self-reported COVID-19 experiences from persons with SCI in the United States (US). To enrich understanding, these data were compared to similar previously-published data from a sample of SCI participants from the United Kingdom (UK). DESIGN Explorative, online qualitative study. Participants completed an online survey of open-ended qualitative questions pertaining to their experiences during the pandemic. Thematic analysis was utilized to generate themes from the US data. These themes were compared to our previously-published thematic analysis of data from the UK. SETTING Community-based sample of persons with SCI in the US. PARTICIPANTS Participants were recruited via SCI-focused research registries and social media outlets serving the SCI community, using convenience sampling (n = 36). Key themes identified in the US data were compared to themes identified in a similar sample from the UK (n = 42) collected at the same time and published previously. RESULTS Analysis resulted in three themes from the US data, each containing positive and negative qualitative reflections. Themes included (1) health and access to care, (2) making sense of the pandemic, and (3) daily life during the pandemic. Each theme captured common facets of life during the pandemic, often shared by those without physical disabilities, but included accounts particularly relevant to persons with disabilities. Comparisons to thematic findings from the UK study revealed similarities (e.g. healthcare access challenges, isolation) and differences (e.g. importance of previous SCI experiences). CONCLUSION We detailed common experiences of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns and their impact on people with SCI, while contrasting these with sense-making positive reflections and social benefits that appeared to be helpful in managing distress and coping with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Rohn
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jasmine H. Hearn
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela M. Philippus
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kimberley R. Monden
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Bălăeț M, Kurtin DL, Gruia DC, Lerede A, Custovic D, Trender W, Jolly AE, Hellyer PJ, Hampshire A. Mapping the sociodemographic distribution and self-reported justifications for non-compliance with COVID-19 guidelines in the United Kingdom. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1183789. [PMID: 37539003 PMCID: PMC10395087 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1183789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Which population factors have predisposed people to disregard government safety guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic and what justifications do they give for this non-compliance? To address these questions, we analyse fixed-choice and free-text responses to survey questions about compliance and government handling of the pandemic, collected from tens of thousands of members of the UK public at three 6-monthly timepoints. We report that sceptical opinions about the government and mainstream-media narrative, especially as pertaining to justification for guidelines, significantly predict non-compliance. However, free text topic modelling shows that such opinions are diverse, spanning from scepticism about government competence and self-interest to full-blown conspiracy theories, and covary in prevalence with sociodemographic variables. These results indicate that attempts to counter non-compliance through argument should account for this diversity in peoples' underlying opinions, and inform conversations aimed at bridging the gap between the general public and bodies of authority accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bălăeț
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle L. Kurtin
- Neuromodulation Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Dragos C. Gruia
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annalaura Lerede
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Centre for Doctoral Training in AI for Healthcare, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darije Custovic
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute: Care Research & Technology, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Trender
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council CDT Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E. Jolly
- NMR Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Neuroinflammation, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Hellyer
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kwon S, Park A. Examining thematic and emotional differences across Twitter, Reddit, and YouTube: The case of COVID-19 vaccine side effects. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023; 144:107734. [PMID: 36942128 PMCID: PMC10016349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Social media discourse has become a key data source for understanding the public's perception of, and sentiments during a public health crisis. However, given the different niches which platforms occupy in terms of information exchange, reliance on a single platform would provide an incomplete picture of public opinions. Based on the schema theory, this study suggests a 'social media platform schema' to indicate users' different expectations based on previous usages of platform and argues that a platform's distinct characteristics foster distinct platform schema and, in turn, distinct nature of information. We analyzed COVID-19 vaccine side effect-related discussions from Twitter, Reddit, and YouTube, each of which represents a different type of the platform, and found thematic and emotional differences across platforms. Thematic analysis using k-means clustering algorithm identified seven clusters in each platform. To computationally group and contrast thematic clusters across platforms, we employed modularity analysis using the Louvain algorithm to determine a semantic network structure based on themes. We also observed differences in emotional contexts across platforms. Theoretical and public health implications are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kwon
- Department of Management Information System, College of Business, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Albert Park
- Department of Software and Information Systems, College of Computing and Informatics, UNC Charlotte, Woodward 310H, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
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Examining the effect of regulatory factors on avoiding online blackmail threats on social media: A structural equation modeling approach. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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5
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Zhou S. The effect of COVID-19 risk perception on pro-environmental behavior of Chinese consumers: Perspectives from affective event theory. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1093999. [PMID: 36687983 PMCID: PMC9845731 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1093999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has altered human cognition and changed the cultural values of society. However, there has not been much debate among scholars about whether these above changes have led to an increase in pro-environmental behavior (PEB) of Chinese consumers. Methods A comprehensive model was developed based on affective event theory. An online questionnaire was distributed, and 501 usable questionnaires were collected. In addition, two complementary approaches were employed: partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). Results The PLS-SEM results showed that COVID-19 risk perception, nostalgia, the awe of nature, and attitude were found to have a positive effect on PEB; and the moderating effect of power distance belief (PD) between nostalgia (NO), attitude (AT) and PEB was confirmed. According to the NCA results, AT and NO are necessary conditions for the PEB of consumers. Discussion This study provides deeper insight into the understanding of consumers' pro-environmental behavior in the context of COVID-19 through the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhou
- School of Economics and Management, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhang W, Wang R, Liu H. Moral expressions, sources, and frames: Examining COVID-19 vaccination posts by facebook public pages. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023; 138:107479. [PMID: 36091923 PMCID: PMC9451497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of 3 million English-language posts by Facebook public pages, this study answers the following questions: How did the amount of COVID-19 vaccine-related messages evolve? How did the moral expressions in the messages differ among sources? How did both the sources and the five moral foundations in posts influence the number of likes to posts, after controlling for the public page's features (e.g., age, followers)? Our research findings suggest that moral expression is prevalent in the COVID-19 vaccination posts, surpassing nonmoral content. Media sources, despite the high volume of posts, on average elicited fewer likes than all other sources. Although care and fairness were the two most used moral foundations, they were negatively related to likes. In contrast, the least used two moral values of authority and sanctity were positively related to likes. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical contributions and a recommendation of possible interventions.
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Treger S, Benau EM, Timko CA. Not so terrifying after all? A set of failed replications of the mortality salience effects of Terror Management Theory. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285267. [PMID: 37159447 PMCID: PMC10168577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Terror Management Theory (TMT) postulates that humans, in response to awareness of their death, developed complex defenses to remove the salience and discomfort stemming from those thoughts. In a standard paradigm to test this theory, an individual is presented with a death-related prime (Mortality Salience; MS), such as writing the details of their own death, or something neutral, such as watching television. After a distractor task (for delay), participants complete the dependent variable, such as rating how much they like or agree with a pro- or anti-national essay and its author. Individuals in the MS condition typically exhibit greater worldview defense than control conditions by rating the pro-national essay more positively and the anti-national essay more negatively. We completed five separate studies across five unique samples with the goal of replicating and extending this well-established pattern to provide further understanding of the phenomena that underlie the effects of MS. However, despite using standard procedures, we were unable to replicate basic patterns of the dependent variable in the MS conditions. We also pooled all responses into two meta-analyses, one examining all dependent variables and one focusing on the anti-national essay; yet the effect sizes in these analyses did not significantly differ from zero. We discuss the methodological and theoretical implications of these (unintended) failures to replicate. It is not clear if these null findings were due to methodological limitations, restraints of online/crowd-sourced recruitment, or ever-evolving sociocultural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Treger
- Northern Trust Corporation, Chicago, IL United States of America
| | - Erik M Benau
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States of America
| | - C Alix Timko
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States of America
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Li M, Hua Y, Liao Y, Zhou L, Li X, Wang L, Yang J. Tracking the Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown Policies on Public Mental Health Using Social Media: Infoveillance Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e39676. [PMID: 36191167 PMCID: PMC9566822 DOI: 10.2196/39676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and its corresponding preventive and control measures have increased the mental burden on the public. Understanding and tracking changes in public mental status can facilitate optimizing public mental health intervention and control strategies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to build a social media-based pipeline that tracks public mental changes and use it to understand public mental health status regarding the pandemic. METHODS This study used COVID-19-related tweets posted from February 2020 to April 2022. The tweets were downloaded using unique identifiers through the Twitter application programming interface. We created a lexicon of 4 mental health problems (depression, anxiety, insomnia, and addiction) to identify mental health-related tweets and developed a dictionary for identifying health care workers. We analyzed temporal and geographic distributions of public mental health status during the pandemic and further compared distributions among health care workers versus the general public, supplemented by topic modeling on their underlying foci. Finally, we used interrupted time series analysis to examine the statewide impact of a lockdown policy on public mental health in 12 states. RESULTS We extracted 4,213,005 tweets related to mental health and COVID-19 from 2,316,817 users. Of these tweets, 2,161,357 (51.3%) were related to "depression," whereas 1,923,635 (45.66%), 225,205 (5.35%), and 150,006 (3.56%) were related to "anxiety," "insomnia," and "addiction," respectively. Compared to the general public, health care workers had higher risks of all 4 types of problems (all P<.001), and they were more concerned about clinical topics than everyday issues (eg, "students' pressure," "panic buying," and "fuel problems") than the general public. Finally, the lockdown policy had significant associations with public mental health in 4 out of the 12 states we studied, among which Pennsylvania showed a positive association, whereas Michigan, North Carolina, and Ohio showed the opposite (all P<.05). CONCLUSIONS The impact of COVID-19 and the corresponding control measures on the public's mental status is dynamic and shows variability among different cohorts regarding disease types, occupations, and regional groups. Health agencies and policy makers should primarily focus on depression (reported by 51.3% of the tweets) and insomnia (which has had an ever-increasing trend since the beginning of the pandemic), especially among health care workers. Our pipeline timely tracks and analyzes public mental health changes, especially when primary studies and large-scale surveys are difficult to conduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yining Hua
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang W, Mukerjee S, Qin H. Topics and Sentiments Influence Likes: A Study of Facebook Public Pages' Posts About COVID-19 Vaccination. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2022; 25:552-560. [PMID: 35969378 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed >200,000 posts collected from Facebook public pages that were published in December 2020 during the rollout of the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine to the American public. We ran both topic modeling and sentiment analysis of the posts and found that first Facebook posts talked about not only treatment effectiveness such as trial results and testing approaches but also other issues that surround vaccines such as approval and distribution. Second, although the general sentiment during this period was positive and anticipation was the highest emotion, Facebook posts expressed a salient amount of fear and sadness, especially when discussing emergency approval and trial results. Finally, we found that both topics and sentiments have a significant influence on user likes. Using the topic of vaccine distribution as a baseline, posts that discuss related aspects of vaccines (e.g., effectiveness, shipment, and testing), call for actions (e.g., use of masks) and indicate care to vulnerable groups (e.g., health care workers and seniors) received more likes. Posts with bad news (e.g., new cases and deaths) and doubts over the usefulness of vaccines received fewer likes. Regardless of their valences, approach emotions lead to more likes whereas withdrawal emotions lead to fewer likes. Our study suggests that to facilitate actions, using certain topics and approach emotions in the posts could be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Zhang
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Subhayan Mukerjee
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huazhi Qin
- Division of Social Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Park A. Tweets Related to Motivation and Physical Activity for Obesity-Related Behavior Change: Descriptive Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e15055. [PMID: 35857347 PMCID: PMC9350819 DOI: 10.2196/15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the greatest modern public health problems, due to the associated health and economic consequences. Decreased physical activity is one of the main societal changes driving the current obesity pandemic. OBJECTIVE Our goals are to fill a gap in the literature and study whether users organically utilize a social media platform, Twitter, for providing motivation. We examine the topics of messages and social network structures on Twitter. We discuss social media's potential for providing peer support and then draw insights to inform the development of interventions for long-term health-related behavior change. METHODS We examined motivational messages related to physical activity on Twitter. First, we collected tweets related to physical activity. Second, we analyzed them using (1) a lexicon-based approach to extract and characterize motivation-related tweets, (2) a thematic analysis to examine common themes in retweets, and (3) topic models to understand prevalent factors concerning motivation and physical activity on Twitter. Third, we created 2 social networks to investigate organically arising peer-support network structures for sustaining physical activity and to form a deeper understanding of the feasibility of these networks in a real-world context. RESULTS We collected over 1.5 million physical activity-related tweets posted from August 30 to November 6, 2018. A relatively small percentage of the tweets mentioned the term motivation; many of these were made on Mondays or during morning or late morning hours. The analysis of retweets showed that the following three themes were commonly conveyed on the platform: (1) using a number of different types of motivation (self, process, consolation, mental, or quotes), (2) promoting individuals or groups, and (3) sharing or requesting information. Topic models revealed that many of these users were weightlifters or people trying to lose weight. Twitter users also naturally forged relations, even though 98.12% (2824/2878) of these users were in different physical locations. CONCLUSIONS This study fills a knowledge gap on how individuals organically use social media to encourage and sustain physical activity. Elements related to peer support are found in the organic use of social media. Our findings suggest that geographical location is less important for providing peer support as long as the support provides motivation, despite users having few factors in common (eg, the weather) affecting their physical activity. This presents a unique opportunity to identify successful motivation-providing peer support groups in a large user base. However, further research on the effects in a real-world context, as well as additional design and usability features for improving user engagement, are warranted to develop a successful intervention counteracting the current obesity pandemic. This is especially important for young adults, the main user group for social media, as they develop lasting health-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Park
- Department of Software and Information Systems, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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Cáceres CF. Unresolved COVID Controversies: 'Normal science' and potential non-scientific influences. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:622-640. [PMID: 35167763 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2036219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 health crisis has so far involved enormous consequences in human pain, suffering and death. While biomedical science responded early, its response has been marked by several controversies between what appeared to be mainstream perspectives, and diverse alternative views; far from leading to productive debate, controversies often preceded polarisation and, allegedly, exclusion and even censorship of alternative views, followed by the pretense of scientific consensus. This paper describes and discusses the main controversies in the production of COVID biomedical knowledge and derived control measures, to establish if alternative positions are also legitimate from a 'normal science' perspective (rather than comparing them for superiority); explores potential non-scientific explanations of the alleged exclusion of certain views; and analyzes ethical issues implied. The operation of non-scientific factors in scientific and regulatory processes (e.g. various forms of subtle corruption) has been documented in the past; the intervention of such influences in the mishandling of controversies (i.e. on early management, non-pharmacological prevention and vaccination) cannot be ruled out and deserves further investigation. Some of these controversies, increasingly visible in the public domain, also involve ethical challenges that need urgent attention. Polarisation, censorship and dogma are foreign to true science and must be left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Cáceres
- School of Public Health and Administration, Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality, AIDS and Society, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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