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Majkowska-Pilip A, Halik PK, Gniazdowska E. The Significance of NK1 Receptor Ligands and Their Application in Targeted Radionuclide Tumour Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E443. [PMID: 31480582 PMCID: PMC6781293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, our understanding of the Substance P (SP) and neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) system shows intricate relations between human physiology and disease occurrence or progression. Within the oncological field, overexpression of NK1R and this SP/NK1R system have been implicated in cancer cell progression and poor overall prognosis. This review focuses on providing an update on the current state of knowledge around the wide spectrum of NK1R ligands and applications of radioligands as radiopharmaceuticals. In this review, data concerning both the chemical and biological aspects of peptide and nonpeptide ligands as agonists or antagonists in classical and nuclear medicine, are presented and discussed. However, the research presented here is primarily focused on NK1R nonpeptide antagonistic ligands and the potential application of SP/NK1R system in targeted radionuclide tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Krzysztof Halik
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gniazdowska
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
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3-Substituted prolines: from synthesis to structural applications, from peptides to foldamers. Molecules 2013; 18:2307-27. [PMID: 23429346 PMCID: PMC6270394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18022307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the twenty natural proteinogenic amino acids, proline is unique as its secondary amine forms a tertiary amide when incorporated into biopolymers, thus preventing hydrogen bond formation. Despite the lack of hydrogen bonds and thanks to conformational restriction of flexibility linked to the pyrrolidine ring, proline is able to stabilize peptide secondary structures such as β-turns or polyproline helices. These unique conformational properties have aroused a great interest in the development of proline analogues. Among them, proline chimeras are tools combining the proline restriction of flexibility together with the information brought by natural amino acids side chains. This review will focus on the chemical syntheses of 3-substituted proline chimeras of potential use for peptide syntheses and as potential use as tools for SAR studies of biologically active peptides and the development of secondary structure mimetics. Their influence on peptide structure will be briefly described.
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Caumes C, Delsuc N, Azza RB, Correia I, Chemla F, Ferreira F, Carlier L, Luna AP, Moumné R, Lequin O, Karoyan P. Homooligomers of substituted prolines and β-prolines: syntheses and secondary structure investigation. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guitot K, Larregola M, Pradhan TK, Vasse JL, Lavielle S, Bertus P, Szymoniak J, Lequin O, Karoyan P. The Combination of Prolinoamino Acids and Cyclopropylamino Acids Leads to Fully Functionalized, Stable β-Turns in Water. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1039-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ben Hamidane H, Vorobyev A, Larregola M, Lukaszuk A, Tourwé D, Lavielle S, Karoyan P, Tsybin Y. Radical Stability Directs Electron Capture and Transfer Dissociation of β-Amino Acids in Peptides. Chemistry 2010; 16:4612-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Delaye PO, Vasse JL, Szymoniak J. Asymmetric synthesis of proline-based conformationally constrained tryptophan mimetic. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3635-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00118j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shafer AM, Nakaie CR, Deupi X, Bennett VJ, Voss JC. Characterization of a conformationally sensitive TOAC spin-labeled substance P. Peptides 2008; 29:1919-29. [PMID: 18775458 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To probe the binding of a peptide agonist to a G-protein coupled receptor in native membranes, the spin-labeled amino acid analogue 4-amino-4-carboxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino-1-oxyl (TOAC) was substituted at either position 4 or 9 within the substance P peptide (RPKPQQFFGLM-NH2), a potent agonist of the neurokinin-1 receptor. The affinity of the 4-TOAC analog is comparable to the native peptide while the affinity of the 9-TOAC derivative is approximately 250-fold lower. Both peptides activate receptor signaling, though the potency of the 9-TOAC peptide is substantially lower. The utility of these modified ligands for reporting conformational dynamics during the neurokinin-1 receptor activation was explored using EPR spectroscopy, which can determine the real-time dynamics of the TOAC nitroxides in solution. While the binding of both the 4-TOAC substance P and 9-TOAC substance P peptides to isolated cell membranes containing the neurokinin-1 receptor is detected, a bound signal for the 9-TOAC peptide is only obtained under conditions that maintain the receptor in its high-affinity binding state. In contrast, 4-TOAC substance P binding is observed by solution EPR under both low- and high-affinity receptor states, with evidence of a more strongly immobilized peptide in the presence of GDP. In addition, to better understand the conformational consequences of TOAC substitution into substance P as it relates to receptor binding and activation, atomistic models for both the 4- and 9-TOAC versions of the peptide were constructed, and the molecular dynamics calculated via simulated annealing to explore the influence of the TOAC substitutions on backbone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Shafer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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Mothes C, Lavielle S, Karoyan P. Amino-Zinc-Ene-Enolate Cyclization: A Short Access to cis-3-Substituted Prolino-homotryptophane Derivatives. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6706-10. [PMID: 18656982 DOI: 10.1021/jo801006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mothes
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7613 and FR2769, CNRS, UMR 7613 and FR2769, Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives, Fédération de Chimie Moléculaire, UPMC, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France, and Genzyme Pharmaceuticals, Eichenweg 1, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Solange Lavielle
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7613 and FR2769, CNRS, UMR 7613 and FR2769, Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives, Fédération de Chimie Moléculaire, UPMC, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France, and Genzyme Pharmaceuticals, Eichenweg 1, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Karoyan
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7613 and FR2769, CNRS, UMR 7613 and FR2769, Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives, Fédération de Chimie Moléculaire, UPMC, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France, and Genzyme Pharmaceuticals, Eichenweg 1, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland
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Gershoni JM, Roitburd-Berman A, Siman-Tov DD, Tarnovitski Freund N, Weiss Y. Epitope mapping: the first step in developing epitope-based vaccines. BioDrugs 2007; 21:145-56. [PMID: 17516710 PMCID: PMC7100438 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200721030-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are an effective line of defense in preventing infectious diseases. Highly potent neutralizing antibodies can intercept a virus before it attaches to its target cell and, thus, inactivate it. This ability is based on the antibodies’ specific recognition of epitopes, the sites of the antigen to which antibodies bind. Thus, understanding the antibody/epitope interaction provides a basis for the rational design of preventive vaccines. It is assumed that immunization with the precise epitope, corresponding to an effective neutralizing antibody, would elicit the generation of similarly potent antibodies in the vaccinee. Such a vaccine would be a ‘B-cell epitope-based vaccine’, the implementation of which requires the ability to backtrack from a desired antibody to its corresponding epitope. In this article we discuss a range of methods that enable epitope discovery based on a specific antibody. Such a reversed immunological approach is the first step in the rational design of an epitope-based vaccine. Undoubtedly, the gold standard for epitope definition is x-ray analyses of crystals of antigen: antibody complexes. This method provides atomic resolution of the epitope; however, it is not readily applicable to many antigens and antibodies, and requires a very high degree of sophistication and expertise. Most other methods rely on the ability to monitor the binding of the antibody to antigen fragments or mutated variations. In mutagenesis of the antigen, loss of binding due to point modification of an amino acid residue is often considered an indication of an epitope component. In addition, computational combinatorial methods for epitope mapping are also useful. These methods rely on the ability of the antibody of interest to affinity isolate specific short peptides from combinatorial phage display peptide libraries. The peptides are then regarded as leads for the definition of the epitope corresponding to the antibody used to screen the peptide library. For epitope mapping, computational algorithms have been developed, such as Mapitope, which has recently been found to be effective in mapping conformational discontinuous epitopes. The pros and cons of various approaches towards epitope mapping are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Gershoni
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Alves ID, Delaroche D, Mouillac B, Salamon Z, Tollin G, Hruby VJ, Lavielle S, Sagan S. The two NK-1 binding sites correspond to distinct, independent, and non-interconvertible receptor conformational states as confirmed by plasmon-waveguide resonance spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2006; 45:5309-18. [PMID: 16618119 PMCID: PMC1865500 DOI: 10.1021/bi052586d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two nonstoichiometric ligand binding sites have been previously reported for the NK-1 receptor, with the use of classical methods (radioligand binding and second messenger assays). The most populated (major, NK-1M) binding site binds substance P (SP) and is related to the adenylyl cyclase pathway. The less populated (minor, NK-1m) binding site binds substance P, C-terminal hexa- and heptapeptide analogues of SP, and the NK-2 endogenous ligand, neurokinin A, and is coupled to the phospholipase C pathway. Here, we have examined these two binding sites with plasmon-waveguide resonance (PWR) spectroscopy that allows the thermodynamics and kinetics of ligand-receptor binding processes and the accompanying structural changes of the receptor to be monitored, through measurements of the anisotropic optical properties of lipid bilayers into which the receptor is incorporated. The binding of the three peptides, substance P, neurokinin A, and propionyl[Met(O(2))(11)]SP(7-11), to the partially purified NK-1 receptor has been analyzed by this method. Substance P and neurokinin A bind to the reconstituted receptor in a biphasic manner with two affinities (K(d1) = 0.14 +/- 0.02 nM and K(d2) = 1.4 +/- 0.18 nM, and K(d1) = 5.5 +/- 0.7 nM and K(d2) = 620 +/- 117 nM, respectively), whereas only one binding affinity (K(d) = 5.5 +/- 0.4 nM) could be observed for propionyl[Met(O(2))(11)]SP(7-11). Moreover, binding experiments in which one ligand was added after another one has been bound to the receptor have shown that the binding of these ligands to each binding site was unaffected by the fact that the other site was already occupied. These data strongly suggest that these two binding sites are independent and non-interconvertible on the time scale of these experiments (1-2 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel D Alves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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