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The Research Advances of Aptamers in Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15010300. [PMID: 36612296 PMCID: PMC9818631 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, research for hematological malignancies is very intensive, with many breakthroughs. Among them, aptamer-based targeted therapies could be counted. Aptamer is a targeting tool with many unique advantages (easy synthesis, low toxicity, easy modification, low immunogenicity, nano size, long stability, etc.), therefore many experts screened corresponding aptamers in various hematological malignancies for diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we try to summarize and provide the recent progress of aptamer research in the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies. Until now, 29 aptamer studies were reported in hematologic malignancies, of which 12 aptamers were tested in vivo and the remaining 17 aptamers were only tested in vitro. In this case, 11 aptamers were combined with chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, 4 aptamers were used in combination with nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies, and some studies used aptamers for the targeted transportation of siRNA and miRNA for targeted therapeutic effects. Their research provides multiple approaches to achieve more targeted goals. These findings show promising and encouraging future for both hematological malignancies basic and clinical trials research.
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Hornung T, O’Neill HA, Logie SC, Fowler KM, Duncan JE, Rosenow M, Bondre AS, Tinder T, Maher V, Zarkovic J, Zhong Z, Richards MN, Wei X, Miglarese MR, Mayer G, Famulok M, Spetzler D. ADAPT identifies an ESCRT complex composition that discriminates VCaP from LNCaP prostate cancer cell exosomes. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4013-4027. [PMID: 31989173 PMCID: PMC7192620 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Libraries of single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) can be enriched for sequences that specifically bind molecules on naïve complex biological samples like cells or tissues. Depending on the enrichment strategy, the ssODNs can identify molecules specifically associated with a defined biological condition, for example a pathological phenotype, and thus are potentially useful for biomarker discovery. We performed ADAPT, a variant of SELEX, on exosomes secreted by VCaP prostate cancer cells. A library of ∼1011 ssODNs was enriched for those that bind to VCaP exosomes and discriminate them from exosomes derived from LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified the best discriminating ssODNs, nine of which were resynthesized and their discriminatory ability confirmed by qPCR. Affinity purification with one of the sequences (Sequence 7) combined with LC–MS/MS identified its molecular target complex, whereof most proteins are part of or associated with the multiprotein ESCRT complex participating in exosome biogenesis. Within this complex, YBX1 was identified as the directly-bound target protein. ADAPT thus is able to differentiate exosomes from cancer cell subtypes from the same lineage. The composition of ESCRT complexes in exosomes from VCaP versus LNCaP cells might constitute a discriminatory element between these prostate cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Hornung
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | | | - Stephen C Logie
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | | | - Janet E Duncan
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | - Matthew Rosenow
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | - Aniket S Bondre
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | - Teresa Tinder
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | - Varun Maher
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | - Jelena Zarkovic
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | - Zenyu Zhong
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | | | - Xixi Wei
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
| | - Mark R Miglarese
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Mark R. Miglarese.
| | - Günter Mayer
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
- LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, c/o Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Center of Aptamer Research and Development, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Günter Mayer.
| | - Michael Famulok
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
- LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, c/o Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Center of Aptamer Research and Development, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Max-Planck-Fellow Chemical Biology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 228 731787; Fax: +49 228 735388;
| | - David Spetzler
- Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
- Correspondence may also be addressed to David Spetzler. Tel: +1 602 464 7527;
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