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Chen M, Shin M, Ware TB, Donvito G, Muchhala KH, Mischel R, Mustafa MA, Serbulea V, Upchurch CM, Leitinger N, Akbarali HI, Lichtman AH, Hsu KL. Endocannabinoid biosynthetic enzymes regulate pain response via LKB1-AMPK signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304900120. [PMID: 38109529 PMCID: PMC10756258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304900120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol lipase-beta (DAGLβ) serves as a principal 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) biosynthetic enzyme regulating endocannabinoid and eicosanoid metabolism in immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. Genetic or pharmacological inactivation of DAGLβ ameliorates inflammation and hyper-nociception in preclinical models of pathogenic pain. These beneficial effects have been assigned principally to reductions in downstream proinflammatory lipid signaling, leaving alternative mechanisms of regulation largely underexplored. Here, we apply quantitative chemical- and phospho-proteomics to find that disruption of DAGLβ in primary macrophages leads to LKB1-AMPK signaling activation, resulting in reprogramming of the phosphoproteome and bioenergetics. Notably, AMPK inhibition reversed the antinociceptive effects of DAGLβ blockade, thereby directly supporting DAGLβ-AMPK crosstalk in vivo. Our findings uncover signaling between endocannabinoid biosynthetic enzymes and ancient energy-sensing kinases to mediate cell biological and pain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Myungsun Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Timothy B. Ware
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Giulia Donvito
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Karan H. Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Ryan Mischel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Mohammed A. Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Clint M. Upchurch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Hamid I. Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Aron H. Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22908
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22903
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Lang JD, Nguyen TVV, Levin MK, Blas PE, Williams HL, Rodriguez ESR, Briones N, Mueller C, Selleck W, Moore S, Zismann VL, Hendricks WPD, Espina V, O'Shaughnessy J. Pilot clinical trial and phenotypic analysis in chemotherapy-pretreated, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with oral TAK-228 and TAK-117 (PIKTOR) to increase DNA damage repair deficiency followed by cisplatin and nab paclitaxel. Biomark Res 2023; 11:73. [PMID: 37491309 PMCID: PMC10369813 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have homologous recombination deficiency with upregulation of compensatory DNA repair pathways. PIKTOR, a combination of TAK-228 (TORC1/2 inhibitor) and TAK-117 (PI3Kα inhibitor), is hypothesized to increase genomic instability and increase DNA damage repair (DDR) deficiency, leading to increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and to immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors. METHODS 10 metastatic TNBC patients received 4 mg TAK-228 and 200 mg TAK-117 (PIKTOR) orally each day for 3 days followed by 4 days off, weekly, until disease progression (PD), followed by intravenous cisplatin 75 mg/m2 plus nab paclitaxel 220 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles. Patients received subsequent treatment with pembrolizumab and/or chemotherapy. Primary endpoints were objective response rate with cisplatin/nab paclitaxel and safety. Biopsies of a metastatic lesion were collected prior to and at PD on PIKTOR. Whole exome and RNA-sequencing and reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) were used to phenotype tumors pre- and post-PIKTOR for alterations in DDR, proliferation, and immune response. RESULTS With cisplatin/nab paclitaxel (cis/nab pac) therapy post PIKTOR, 3 patients had clinical benefit (1 partial response (PR) and 2 stable disease (SD) ≥ 6 months) and continued to have durable benefit in progression-free survival with pembrolizumab post-cis/nab pac for 1.2, 2, and 3.6 years. Their post-PIKTOR metastatic tissue displayed decreased mismatch repair (MMR), increased tumor mutation burden, and significantly lower levels of 53BP1, DAG Lipase β, GCN2, AKT Ser473, and PKCzeta Thr410/403 compared to pre-PIKTOR tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS Priming patients' chemotherapy-pretreated metastatic TNBC with PIKTOR led to very prolonged response/disease control with subsequent cis/nab pac, followed by pembrolizumab, in 3 of 10 treated patients. Our multi-omics approach revealed a higher number of genomic alterations, reductions in MMR, and alterations in immune and stress response pathways post-PIKTOR in patients who had durable responses. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial was registered on June 21, 2017, at ClinicalTrials.gov using identifier NCT03193853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Lang
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tuong Vi V Nguyen
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Maren K Levin
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Page E Blas
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | | | | | - Natalia Briones
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - William Selleck
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sarah Moore
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Victoria L Zismann
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - William P D Hendricks
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Joyce O'Shaughnessy
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 400, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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Rossi G, Di Nisio V, Chiominto A, Cecconi S, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid System Components of the Female Mouse Reproductive Tract Are Modulated during Reproductive Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087542. [PMID: 37108704 PMCID: PMC10144466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has gained ground as a key modulator of several female fertility-related processes, under physiological/pathological conditions. Nevertheless, its modulation during reproductive aging remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of the main receptors (cannabinoid receptor 1,CB1; cannabinoid receptor 2, CB2; G-protein coupled receptor, GPR55; and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel, TRPV1) and metabolic enzymes (N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D, NAPE-PLD; fatty acid amide hydrolase, FAAH; monoacylglycerol lipase, MAGL; and diacylglycerol lipase, DAGL-α and -β) of this system in the ovaries, oviducts, and uteri of mice at prepubertal, adult, late reproductive, and post-reproductive stages through quantitative ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The ELISA showed that among the receptors, TRPV1 had the highest expression and significantly increased during aging. Among the enzymes, NAPE-PLD, FAAH, and DAGL-β were the most expressed in these organs at all ages, and increased age-dependently. Immunohistochemistry revealed that, regardless of age, NAPE-PLD and FAAH were mainly found in the epithelial cells facing the lumen of the oviduct and uteri. Moreover, in ovaries, NAPE-PLD was predominant in the granulosa cells, while FAAH was sparse in the stromal compartment. Of note, the age-dependent increase in TRPV1 and DAGL-β could be indicative of increased inflammation, while that of NAPE-PLD and FAAH could suggest the need to tightly control the levels of the eCB anandamide at late reproductive age. These findings offer new insights into the role of the eCB system in female reproduction, with potential for therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Rossi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Nisio
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center of Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00164 Rome, Italy
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Khasabova IA, Gable J, Johns M, Khasabov SG, Kalyuzhny AE, Golovko MY, Golovko SA, Kiven S, Gupta K, Seybold VS, Simone DA. Inhibition of DAGLβ as a therapeutic target for pain in sickle cell disease. Haematologica 2023; 108:859-869. [PMID: 35615929 PMCID: PMC9973472 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.280460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited disease. Pain is a key morbidity of SCD and opioids are the main treatment but their side effects emphasize the need for new analgesic approaches. Humanized transgenic mouse models have been instructive in understanding the pathobiology of SCD and mechanisms of pain. Homozygous (HbSS) Berkley mice express >99% human sickle hemoglobin and several features of clinical SCD including hyperalgesia. Previously, we reported that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a precursor of the pro-nociceptive mediator prostaglandin E2-glyceryl ester (PGE2-G) which contributes to hyperalgesia in SCD. We now demonstrate the causal role of 2-AG in hyperalgesia in sickle mice. Hyperalgesia in HbSS mice correlated with elevated levels of 2-AG in plasma, its synthesizing enzyme diacylglycerol lipase β (DAGLβ) in blood cells, and with elevated levels of PGE2 and PGE2-G, pronociceptive derivatives of 2-AG. A single intravenous injection of 2-AG produced hyperalgesia in non-hyperalgesic HbSS mice, but not in control (HbAA) mice expressing normal human HbA. JZL184, an inhibitor of 2-AG hydrolysis, also produced hyperalgesia in non-hyperalgesic HbSS or hemizygous (HbAS) mice, but did not influence hyperalgesia in hyperalgesic HbSS mice. Systemic and intraplantar administration of KT109, an inhibitor of DAGLβ, decreased mechanical and heat hyperalgesia in HbSS mice. The decrease in hyperalgesia was accompanied by reductions in 2-AG, PGE2 and PGE2-G in the blood. These results indicate that maintaining the physiological level of 2-AG in the blood by targeting DAGLβ may be a novel and effective approach to treat pain in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna A Khasabova
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jacob Gable
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Malcolm Johns
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sergey G Khasabov
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Mikhail Y Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Svetlana A Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Stacy Kiven
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | | | - Donald A Simone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
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Bernal‐Chico A, Tepavcevic V, Manterola A, Utrilla C, Matute C, Mato S. Endocannabinoid signaling in brain diseases: Emerging relevance of glial cells. Glia 2023; 71:103-126. [PMID: 35353392 PMCID: PMC9790551 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of cannabinoid receptors as the primary molecular targets of psychotropic cannabinoid Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC) in late 1980s paved the way for investigations on the effects of cannabis-based therapeutics in brain pathology. Ever since, a wealth of results obtained from studies on human tissue samples and animal models have highlighted a promising therapeutic potential of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids in a variety of neurological disorders. However, clinical success has been limited and major questions concerning endocannabinoid signaling need to be satisfactorily addressed, particularly with regard to their role as modulators of glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, recent studies have brought into the limelight diverse, often unexpected functions of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in brain injury and disease, thus providing scientific basis for targeting glial cells to treat brain disorders. This Review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular hallmarks of endocannabinoid signaling in glial cells and its clinical relevance in neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bernal‐Chico
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Neuroimmunology UnitBiocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
| | | | - Andrea Manterola
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Present address:
Parque Científico y Tecnológico de GuipuzkoaViralgenSan SebastianSpain
| | | | - Carlos Matute
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Susana Mato
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Neuroimmunology UnitBiocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
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Berger N, van der Wel T, Hirschmugl B, Baernthaler T, Gindlhuber J, Fawzy N, Eichmann T, Birner-Gruenberger R, Zimmermann R, van der Stelt M, Wadsack C. Inhibition of diacylglycerol lipase β modulates lipid and endocannabinoid levels in the ex vivo human placenta. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1092024. [PMID: 36864832 PMCID: PMC9971001 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipids and fatty acids are key components in metabolic processes of the human placenta, thereby contributing to the development of the fetus. Placental dyslipidemia and aberrant activity of lipases have been linked to diverse pregnancy associated complications, such as preeclampsia and preterm birth. The serine hydrolases, diacylglycerol lipase α and β (DAGLα, DAGLβ) catalyze the degradation of diacylglycerols, leading to the formation of monoacylglycerols (MAG), including one main endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The major role of DAGL in the biosynthesis of 2-AG is evident from various studies in mice but has not been investigated in the human placenta. Here, we report the use of the small molecule inhibitor DH376, in combination with the ex vivo placental perfusion system, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and lipidomics, to determine the impact of acute DAGL inhibition on placental lipid networks. METHODS DAGLα and DAGLβ mRNA expression was detected by RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization in term placentas. Immunohistochemistry staining for CK7, CD163 and VWF was applied to localize DAGLβ transcripts to different cell types of the placenta. DAGLβ activity was determined by in- gel and MS-based activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and validated by addition of the enzyme inhibitors LEI-105 and DH376. Enzyme kinetics were measured by EnzChek™ lipase substrate assay. Ex vivo placental perfusion experiments were performed +/- DH376 [1 µM] and changes in tissue lipid and fatty acid profiles were measured by LC-MS. Additionally, free fatty acid levels of the maternal and fetal circulations were determined. RESULTS We demonstrate that mRNA expression of DAGLβ prevails in placental tissue, compared to DAGLα (p ≤ 0.0001) and that DAGLβ is mainly located to CK7 positive trophoblasts (p ≤ 0.0001). Although few DAGLα transcripts were identified, no active enzyme was detected applying in-gel or MS-based ABPP, which underlined that DAGLβ is the principal DAGL in the placenta. DAGLβ dependent substrate hydrolysis in placental membrane lysates was determined by the application of LEI-105 and DH376. Ex vivo pharmacological inhibition of DAGLβ by DH376 led to reduced MAG tissue levels (p ≤ 0.01), including 2-AG (p≤0.0001). We further provide an activity landscape of serine hydrolases, showing a broad spectrum of metabolically active enzymes in the human placenta. DISCUSSION Our results emphasize the role of DAGLβ activity in the human placenta by determining the biosynthesis of 2-AG. Thus, this study highlights the special importance of intra-cellular lipases in lipid network regulation. Together, the activity of these specific enzymes may contribute to the lipid signaling at the maternal-fetal interface, with implications for function of the placenta in normal and compromised pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Berger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tom van der Wel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Birgit Hirschmugl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Baernthaler
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nermeen Fawzy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Eichmann
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Christian Wadsack,
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Serine Hydrolases in Lipid Homeostasis of the Placenta-Targets for Placental Function? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126851. [PMID: 35743292 PMCID: PMC9223866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic state of pregnant women and their unborn children changes throughout pregnancy and adapts to the specific needs of each gestational week. These adaptions are accomplished by the actions of enzymes, which regulate the occurrence of their endogenous substrates and products in all three compartments: mother, placenta and the unborn. These enzymes determine bioactive lipid signaling, supply, and storage through the generation or degradation of lipids and fatty acids, respectively. This review focuses on the role of lipid-metabolizing serine hydrolases during normal pregnancy and in pregnancy-associated pathologies, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, or preterm birth. The biochemical properties of each class of lipid hydrolases are presented, with special emphasis on their role in placental function or dysfunction. While, during a normal pregnancy, an appropriate tonus of bioactive lipids prevails, dysregulation and aberrant signaling occur in diseased states. A better understanding of the dynamics of serine hydrolases across gestation and their involvement in placental lipid homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions will help to identify new targets for placental function in the future.
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Abstract
The endocannabinoids are lipid-derived messengers that play a diversity of regulatory roles in mammalian physiology. Dysfunctions in their activity have been implicated in various disease conditions, attracting attention to the endocannabinoid system as a possible source of therapeutic drugs. This signaling complex has three components: the endogenous ligands, anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG); a set of enzymes and transporters that generate, eliminate, or modify such ligands; and selective cell surface receptors that mediate their biological actions. We provide an overview of endocannabinoid formation, deactivation, and biotransformation and outline the properties and therapeutic potential of pharmacological agents that interfere with those processes. We describe small-molecule inhibitors that target endocannabinoid-producing enzymes, carrier proteins that transport the endocannabinoids into cells, and intracellular endocannabinoid-metabolizing enzymes. We briefly discuss selected agents that simultaneously interfere with components of the endocannabinoid system and with other functionally related signaling pathways. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA; .,Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Alex Mabou Tagne
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
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Rahaman O, Ganguly D. Endocannabinoids in immune regulation and immunopathologies. Immunology 2021; 164:242-252. [PMID: 34053085 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are key bioactive components of the endocannabinoid system, and the profound influence of endocannabinoids on the modulation of the immune system is being increasingly appreciated. The knowledge of endocannabinoid-immune cell crosstalk will pave the way to therapeutic implications of modulators of this pathway in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. Endocannabinoids seem to exert both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects in specific contexts, based on specific receptor engagement and the downstream signalling pathways involved. In this review, we summarized the biosynthesis, signalling and degradation of two well-studied endocannabinoids-anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol in immune cells. Then, we discussed the effects of these two endocannabinoids on the functioning of major innate and adaptive immune cells, along with the choice of receptors employed in such interactions. Finally, we outline our current knowledge on the involvement of anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol in context of inflammation, allergies, autoimmunity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila Rahaman
- Dendritic Cell Biology Laboratory, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipyaman Ganguly
- Dendritic Cell Biology Laboratory, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Druggable Targets in Endocannabinoid Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:177-201. [PMID: 32894511 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis and cannabinoid-based extracts have long been utilized for their perceived therapeutic value, and support for the legalization of cannabis for medicinal purposes continues to increase worldwide. Since the discovery of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as the primary psychoactive component of cannabis over 50 years ago, substantial effort has been directed toward detection of endogenous mediators of cannabinoid activity. The discovery of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol as two endogenous lipid mediators of cannabinoid-like effects (endocannabinoids) has inspired exponential growth in our understanding of this essential pathway, as well as the pathological conditions that result from dysregulated endocannabinoid signaling. This review examines current knowledge of the endocannabinoid system including metabolic enzymes involved in biosynthesis and degradation and their receptors, and evaluates potential druggable targets for therapeutic intervention.
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11
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DAGL-Beta Functions as a PUFA-Specific Triacylglycerol Lipase in Macrophages. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:314-321.e5. [PMID: 31991095 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here, we apply quantitative chemical proteomics and untargeted lipidomics to assign a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-specific triacylglycerol (TAG) lipase activity for diacylglycerol lipase-beta (DAGLβ) in macrophages. We demonstrate that DAGLβ but not DAGLα is expressed and active in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) as determined by activity-based protein profiling analysis of SILAC BMDMs. Genetic disruption of DAGLβ resulted in accumulation of cellular TAGs composed of PUFA but not saturated/low unsaturated fatty acid counterparts, which is recapitulated in wild-type macrophages treated with a DAGLβ-selective inhibitor. Biochemical assays with synthetic substrates confirm PUFA-TAGs as authentic DAGLβ substrates. In summary, our findings identify DAGLβ as a PUFA-specific TAG lipase in primary macrophages.
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