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Madrazo N, Khattar Z, Powers ET, Rosarda JD, Wiseman RL. Mapping stress-responsive signaling pathways induced by mitochondrial proteostasis perturbations. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar74. [PMID: 38536439 PMCID: PMC11151107 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-01-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in mitochondrial proteostasis are associated with pathologic mitochondrial dysfunction implicated in etiologically diverse diseases. This has led to considerable interest in defining the mechanisms responsible for regulating mitochondria in response to mitochondrial stress. Numerous stress-responsive signaling pathways have been suggested to regulate mitochondria in response to proteotoxic stress. These include the integrated stress response (ISR), the heat shock response (HSR), and the oxidative stress response (OSR). Here, we define the stress signaling pathways activated in response to chronic mitochondrial proteostasis perturbations by monitoring the expression of sets of genes regulated downstream of each of these signaling pathways in published Perturb-seq datasets from K562 cells CRISPRi-depleted of mitochondrial proteostasis factors. Interestingly, we find that the ISR is preferentially activated in response to chronic, genetically-induced mitochondrial proteostasis stress, with no other pathway showing significant activation. Further, we demonstrate that CRISPRi depletion of other mitochondria-localized proteins similarly shows preferential activation of the ISR relative to other stress-responsive signaling pathways. These results both establish our gene set profiling approach as a viable strategy to probe stress responsive signaling pathways induced by perturbations to specific organelles and identify the ISR as the predominant stress-responsive signaling pathway activated in response to chronic disruption of mitochondrial proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Madrazo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zinia Khattar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Del Norte High School, San Diego, CA 92127
| | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jessica D. Rosarda
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Zhang B, Cheng Y, Jian Q, Xiang S, Xu Q, Wang C, Yang C, Lin J, Zheng C. Sishen Pill and its active phytochemicals in treating inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer: an overview. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1375585. [PMID: 38650627 PMCID: PMC11033398 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1375585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the associated risk of colon cancer are increasing globally. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment has unique advantages. The Sishen Pill, a common Chinese patented drug used to treat abdominal pain and diarrhea, consists mainly of Psoraleae Fructus, Myristicae Semen, Euodiae Fructus, and Schisandra Chinensis. Modern research has confirmed that Sishen Pill and its active secondary metabolites, such as psoralen, myristicin, evodiamine, and schisandrin, can improve intestinal inflammation and exert antitumor pharmacological effects. Common mechanisms in treating IBD and colon cancer mainly include regulating inflammation-related signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, NOD-like receptor heat protein domain-related protein 3, and wingless-type MMTV integration site family; NF-E2-related factor 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α to inhibit oxidative stress; mitochondrial autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress; intestinal immune cell differentiation and function through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway; and improving the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. Overall, existing evidence suggests the potential of the Sishen pill to improve IBD and suppress inflammation-to-cancer transformation. However, large-scale randomized controlled clinical studies and research on the safety of these clinical applications are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Jian
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirui Xiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuchu Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Lang R, Siddique MNAA. Control of immune cell signaling by the immuno-metabolite itaconate. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352165. [PMID: 38487538 PMCID: PMC10938597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell activation triggers signaling cascades leading to transcriptional reprogramming, but also strongly impacts on the cell's metabolic activity to provide energy and biomolecules for inflammatory and proliferative responses. Macrophages activated by microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns and cytokines upregulate expression of the enzyme ACOD1 that generates the immune-metabolite itaconate by decarboxylation of the TCA cycle metabolite cis-aconitate. Itaconate has anti-microbial as well as immunomodulatory activities, which makes it attractive as endogenous effector metabolite fighting infection and restraining inflammation. Here, we first summarize the pathways and stimuli inducing ACOD1 expression in macrophages. The focus of the review then lies on the mechanisms by which itaconate, and its synthetic derivatives and endogenous isomers, modulate immune cell signaling and metabolic pathways. Multiple targets have been revealed, from inhibition of enzymes to the post-translational modification of many proteins at cysteine or lysine residues. The modulation of signaling proteins like STING, SYK, JAK1, RIPK3 and KEAP1, transcription regulators (e.g. Tet2, TFEB) and inflammasome components (NLRP3, GSDMD) provides a biochemical basis for the immune-regulatory effects of the ACOD1-itaconate pathway. While the field has intensely studied control of macrophages by itaconate in infection and inflammation models, neutrophils have now entered the scene as producers and cellular targets of itaconate. Furthermore, regulation of adaptive immune responses by endogenous itaconate, as well as by exogenously added itaconate and derivatives, can be mediated by direct and indirect effects on T cells and antigen-presenting cells, respectively. Taken together, research in ACOD1-itaconate to date has revealed its relevance in diverse immune cell signaling pathways, which now provides opportunities for potential therapeutic or preventive manipulation of host defense and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Md Nur A Alam Siddique
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hakomäki H, Levonen AL. Electrophilic metabolites targeting the KEAP1/NRF2 partnership. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 78:102425. [PMID: 38241876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Numerous electrophilic metabolites are formed during cellular activity, particularly under conditions of oxidative, inflammatory and metabolic stress. Among them are lipid oxidation and nitration products, and compounds derived from amino acid and central carbon metabolism. Here we focus on one cellular target of electrophiles, the Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) partnership. Many of these reactive compounds modify C151, C273 and/or C288 within KEAP1. Other types of modifications include S-lactoylation of C273, N-succinylation of K131, and formation of methylimidazole intermolecular crosslink between two KEAP1 monomers. Modified KEAP1 relays the initial signal to transcription factor NRF2 and its downstream targets, the ultimate effectors that provide means for detoxification, adaptation and survival. Thus, by non-enzymatically covalently modifying KEAP1, the electrophilic metabolites discussed here serve as chemical signals connecting metabolism with stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Henriikka Hakomäki
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Madrazo N, Khattar Z, Powers ET, Rosarda JD, Wiseman RL. Mapping Stress-Responsive Signaling Pathways Induced by Mitochondrial Proteostasis Perturbations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.30.577830. [PMID: 38352575 PMCID: PMC10862789 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.577830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Imbalances in mitochondrial proteostasis are associated with pathologic mitochondrial dysfunction implicated in etiologically-diverse diseases. This has led to considerable interest in defining the biological mechanisms responsible for regulating mitochondria in response to mitochondrial stress. Numerous stress responsive signaling pathways have been suggested to regulate mitochondria in response to proteotoxic stress, including the integrated stress response (ISR), the heat shock response (HSR), and the oxidative stress response (OSR). Here, we define the specific stress signaling pathways activated in response to mitochondrial proteostasis stress by monitoring the expression of sets of genes regulated downstream of each of these signaling pathways in published Perturb-seq datasets from K562 cells CRISPRi-depleted of individual mitochondrial proteostasis factors. Interestingly, we find that the ISR is preferentially activated in response to mitochondrial proteostasis stress, with no other pathway showing significant activation. Further expanding this study, we show that broad depletion of mitochondria-localized proteins similarly shows preferential activation of the ISR relative to other stress-responsive signaling pathways. These results both establish our gene set profiling approach as a viable strategy to probe stress responsive signaling pathways induced by perturbations to specific organelles and identify the ISR as the predominant stress-responsive signaling pathway activated in response to mitochondrial proteostasis disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Madrazo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Zinia Khattar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Del Norte High School, San Diego, CA 92127
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jessica D. Rosarda
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Song Y, Qu Y, Mao C, Zhang R, Jiang D, Sun X. Post-translational modifications of Keap1: the state of the art. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1332049. [PMID: 38259518 PMCID: PMC10801156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1332049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cellular defense against oxidative stress-induced damage. Its activation entails the expression and transcriptional regulation of several proteins involved in detoxification and antioxidation processes within the organism. Keap1, serving as a pivotal transcriptional regulator within this pathway, exerts control over the activity of Nrf2. Various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Keap1, such as alkylation, glycosylation, glutathiylation, S-sulfhydration, and other modifications, impact the binding affinity between Keap1 and Nrf2. Consequently, this leads to the accumulation of Nrf2 and its translocation to the nucleus, and subsequent activation of downstream antioxidant genes. Given the association between the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and various diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes, comprehending the post-translational modification of Keap1 not only deepens our understanding of Nrf2 signaling regulation but also contributes to the identification of novel drug targets and biomarkers. Consequently, this knowledge holds immense importance in the prevention and treatment of diseases induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Caiyun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Deyou Jiang
- Department of Typhoid, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xutao Sun
- Department of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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