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Ghaffarian Khorram A, Fallah N, Nasernejad B, Afsham N, Esmaelzadeh M, Vatanpour V. Electrochemical-based processes for produced water and oily wastewater treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139565. [PMID: 37482313 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The greatest volume of by-products produced in oil and gas recovery operations is referred to as produced water and increasing environmental concerns and strict legislations on discharging it into the environment cause to more attention for focusing on degradation methods for treatment of produced water especially electrochemical technologies. This article provides an overview of electrochemical technologies for treating oily wastewater and produced water, including: electro-coagulation, electro-Fenton, electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical membrane reactor as a single stage and combination of these technologies as multi-stage treatment process. Many researchers have carried out experiments to examine the impact of various factors such as material (i.e, electrode material) and operational conditions (i.e., potential, current density, pH, electrode distance, and other factors) for organic elimination to obtain the high efficiency. Results of each method are reviewed and discussed according to these studies, comprehensively. Furthermore, several challenges need to be overcome and perspectives for future study are proposed for each method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Fallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Nasernejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Afsham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Esmaelzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Vatanpour
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey.
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2
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Sharma K, Kaur M, Rattan G, Kaushik A. Effective biocatalyst developed via genipin mediated acetylcholinesterase immobilization on rice straw derived cellulose nanofibers for detection and bioremediation of organophosphorus pesticide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Zhu H, Yu X, Xu Y, Yan B, Bañuelos G, Shutes B, Wen Z. Removal of chlorpyrifos and its hydrolytic metabolite in microcosm-scale constructed wetlands under soda saline-alkaline condition: Mass balance and intensification strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:145956. [PMID: 33676222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a typical organophosphorus insecticide, which poses serious threats to the natural environment and human health. Strategies for the fast elimination of CP and its toxic hydrolytic metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2(1H)-pyridianol (TCP) in drainage water are urgently needed. The fate of CP and TCP in microcosm-scale subsurface batch constructed wetlands (SSBCWs) was quantified with different macrophyte species under soda saline-alkaline (SSA) condition and effective intensification strategies were developed. The macrophyte species Canna indica outperformed Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis for CP and TCP removal in SSBCWs. Mass balance calculation indicates the fate of CP in SSBCWs was residue in water (≤8%), alkaline hydrolysis (18.93-57.42%), microbial degradation (37.75-61.91%), substrate adsorption (~4-14%), and macrophyte uptake (≤3%). The addition of ferric-carbon (Fe-C) as a substrate amendment in SSBCWs increased the CP removal percentage by 35% and reduced the effluent TCP concentration by ~70% during Day 1-4 on average compared with the unintensified control. Fe-C addition simplified the microbial community diversity, while increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria which tolerates the microelectrolytic environment. A single application of liquid microbial agent improved CP removal percentage by 84% and decreased the effluent TCP concentration by two orders of magnitude during Day 1-4. The hydraulic retention time for thorough removal of TCP reduced from over 8 d to 4 d. Although only two dominant microbial genera (i.e., Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas) adapted to the environment with CP and SSA, they accelerated CP and TCP degradation via their own metabolism and co-metabolism with other indigenous microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Xiangfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, PR China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China.
| | - Yingying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Gary Bañuelos
- San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Centre, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Zhidan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
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Bouteh E, Ahmadi N, Abbasi M, Torabian A, van Loosdrecht MCM, Ducoste J. Biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides in moving bed biofilm reactors: Analysis of microbial community and biodegradation pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124950. [PMID: 33385721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the performance of a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with respect to general bioconversion processes and biotransformation of two commonly used organophosphorus pesticides, Chlorpyrifos (CHL) and Malathion (MAL). The reactor was operated for 300 days under different organic loads by changing hydraulic retention time (HRT). The decrease in organic load resulted in the formation of a thinner biofilm and the growth of more biomass in the bulk, which greatly shifted bioconversion processes. The low organic loading supported more nitrification in the reactor, but an opposite trend was observed for denitrification, which was enhanced at higher organic loading where the formation of anoxic zones in the thick biofilm was favored. 70% and 55% removal corresponding to 210 and 165 µg/m2/d occurred for MAL and CHL, respectively, at an HRT of 3 h and progressively increased with higher HRTs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a shift in composition and abundance of taxa throughout the reactor operation where lower loading rate supported the growth of a more diverse and evenly distributed community. The analysis also highlighted the dominance of heterotrophic communities such as Flavobacterium and Acinetobacter johnsonii, which could be involved in the biotransformation of CHL and MAL through co-metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Bouteh
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Ahmadi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Abbasi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Torabian
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 Hz Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Joel Ducoste
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Tasca AL, Clematis D, Panizza M, Vitolo S, Puccini M. Chlorpyrifos removal: Nb/boron-doped diamond anode coupled with solid polymer electrolyte and ultrasound irradiation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1391-1399. [PMID: 33312650 PMCID: PMC7721771 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus insecticide, acaricide and miticide used worldwide for the control of soil-borne insect pests. It must be considered as a substance of growing concern, given its use, toxicity, environmental occurrence, and potential for regional to long-range atmospheric transport. Considering the incomplete removal attained by conventional water treatment processes, we investigated the efficiency of electrolytic radicals production and sonoelectrolysis on the degradation of the pesticide. The treatment has been conducted in a novel electrochemical reactor, equipped with a boron-doped diamond anode and a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Different current intensity and times have been tested and coupled with sonication at 40 kHz. Up to 69% of chlorpyrifos was completely removed in 10 min by electrolysis operated at 0.1 mA, while 12.5% and 5.4% was converted into the treatment intermediates 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and diethyl (3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) phosphate, respectively. Ultrasound irradiation did not enhance the removal efficiency, likely due to mass transport limitations, while the energy consumption increased from 8.68∙10- 6 to 9.34∙10- 4 kWh µg- 1 removed. Further research is encouraged, given the promising processing by the SPE technology of low conductivity solutions, as pharmaceuticals streams, as well as the potential for water and in-situ groundwater remediation from different emerging pollutants as phytosanitary and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luca Tasca
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa, 56122 Italy
| | - Davide Clematis
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genoa, 16145 Italy
| | - Marco Panizza
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genoa, 16145 Italy
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa, 56122 Italy
| | - Monica Puccini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa, 56122 Italy
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Jiang H, Dang C, Liu W, Wang T. Radical attack and mineralization mechanisms on electrochemical oxidation of p-substituted phenols at boron-doped diamond anodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126033. [PMID: 32004882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of phenols with different substituent groups (including -OCH3, -CHO, -NHCOCH3, -NO2, and -Cl) at boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes has been studied previously based on the removal efficiency and •OH detection. Innovatively, formations of CO2 gas and various inorganic ions were examined to probe the mineralization process combined with quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. As results, all phenols were efficiently degraded within 8 h with high COD removal efficiency. Three primary intermediates (hydroquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone and catechol) were identified during electrochemical oxidation and degradation pathway was proposed. More importantly, CO2 transformation efficiency ranked as: no N or Cl contained phenols (p-CHO, p-OCH3 and Ph) > N-contained phenols (p-NHCOCH3 and p-NO2) > Cl-contained phenols (p-Cl and o,p-Cl). Carbon mass balance study suggested formation of inorganic carbon (H2CO3, CO32- and HCO3-) and CO2 after organic carbon elimination. Inorganic nitrogen species (NH4+, NO3- and NO2-) and chlorine species (Cl-, ClO3- and ClO4-) were also formed after N- and Cl-contained phenols mineralization, while no volatile nitrogen species were detected. The phenols with electron-withdrawing substituents were easier to be oxidized than those with electron-donating substituents. QSAR analysis indicated that the reaction rate constant (k1) for phenols degradation was highly related to Hammett constant (∑σo,m,p) and energy gap (ELUMO - EHOMO) of the compound (R2 = 0.908), which were key parameters on evaluating the effect of structural moieties on electronic character and the chemical stability upon radical attack for a specific compound. This study presents clear evidence on mineralization mechanisms of phenols degradation at BDD anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jiang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chenyuan Dang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China; The Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Advanced Wastewater Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Advanced Wastewater Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Sun D, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Pang J. Investigation of etoxazole metabolites in citrus, soil and earthworms by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:782-790. [PMID: 30965249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Etoxazole is a newly registered and widely used acaricide. However, its metabolites were not fully understood and might exhibit similar or even higher toxicity than parent compound. Therefore, in this study, the metabolites of etoxazole in citrus, soil and earthworms were firstly identified by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). Four potential metabolites in citrus, 11 in soil, and 8 in earthworms were determined. These metabolites were then further structural elucidated based on the fragment pathways, and accurate mass measurement. The distributions of etoxazole and its main metabolites (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5) which were identified as the dehydrogenation, hydrolysis, oxidation products of etoxazole (M0) were also monitored in citrus, soil and earthworms at different exposure periods. The 45 days exposure experiment showed that M0 gradually decreased in citrus and soil samples by 80% and 28% of the initial amounts, respectively. In earthworm samples, M0 accumulated in the bodies of the worms during 24 days exposure and then decreased with time. The dissipation rate of etoxazole were citrus > earthworms > soil. Concentrations of M1 and M3 in soil were found continuously increased with time during the experimental period. Moreover, the persistence of M1 in earthworm samples was also observed. Great attention should be paid to these two compounds due to their potential risks to both environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Sun
- College of Food Safety, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yunru Wang
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Guangxi, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- College of Food Safety, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Junxiao Pang
- Key Laboratory of Critical Technology for Degradation of Pesticide Residues in Agro-products in Guizhou Ecological Environment, Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550005, China.
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Lacasa E, Cañizares P, Walsh FC, Rodrigo MA, Ponce-de-León C. Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using an Fe2+ catalyst and in-situ H2O2 generated at gas diffusion cathodes. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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Utzig LM, Lima RM, Gomes MF, Ramsdorf WA, Martins LRR, Liz MV, Freitas AM. Ecotoxicity response of chlorpyrifos in Aedes aegypti larvae and Lactuca sativa seeds after UV/H 2O 2 and UVC oxidation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:449-456. [PMID: 30471582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture known to cause neurological and immunological effects in addition to interfering in the reproduction and development of organisms. In this study, CP degradation by UV/H2O2 process and UVC radiation was investigated, and the ecotoxicity and phytotoxicity was evaluated using bioassays of Aedes aegypti larvae and Lactuca sativa seeds. CP degradation was monitored by HPLC-DAD, and kinetic parameters were calculated for all processes evaluated. Results demonstrated that both processes are efficient, showing a reduction of over 97% of initial CP after 20 and 60 min of UV/H2O2 and UVC radiation, respectively. However, samples treated by UV/H2O2 process demonstrated increase of toxicity, leading to larvae mortality (>90% of organisms) and inhibition effects in seed root growth. The relationship between increased toxicity and the CP byproducts formed was not confirmed due to its low concentration. However, the direct influence of acetonitrile solvent, specifically their toxic byproducts, was observed. This study provides insights into parent compound abatement using oxidative treatment and the changes in toxicity due to the transformation of CP byproducts and complex mixtures (acetonitrile as solvent and hydrogen peroxide).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubia M Lima
- Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcus V Liz
- Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Brazil
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Deng Y, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Ren H. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by the chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl metabolite, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, in orally exposed mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:507-514. [PMID: 26674679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) is a primary degradation product of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl. TCP has longer half-life in soil and greater solubility in water than its parent compound, and cause wide contamination in environments. However, studies about the toxic effects of TCP are limited and outdate. In this study, 5 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day, and 150 mg/kg/day TCP were given to male mice through gavage for four weeks. As a result, the final body weights of TCP treated groups were significantly lower than control, and the relative organ weights of the liver and kidney were significantly higher than that of control. In addition, NMR-based metabolomics was used to investigate the toxic effects of TCP. It was found that a total of 39 serum metabolites were significantly changed in the TCP-treated groups, and these metabolites are related to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. These results were also confirmed by histopathology, serum biochemical, and oxidative stress analysis. In addition, metabolic disturbances due to TCP exposure were also observed based on altered metabolites. As far as we know, these results are the first to show the metabolomic toxicity of TCP, which warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Yifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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Preparation and electrochemical property of TiO2/Nano-graphite composite anode for electro-catalytic degradation of ceftriaxone sodium. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Chen L, Campo P, Kupferle MJ. Identification of chlorinated oligomers formed during anodic oxidation of phenol in the presence of chloride. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 283:574-581. [PMID: 25464298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated oligomer intermediates formed during the anodic electrochemical oxidation of phenol with a boron-doped diamond electrode were studied at two different concentrations of chloride (5mM and 50mM). Under the same ionic strength, with sodium sulfate being the make-up ion, a 10-fold increase in Cl(-) led to removal rates 10.8, 1.5, and 1.4 times higher for phenol, TOC, and COD, respectively. Mono-, di- and trichlorophenols resulting from electrophilic substitution were the identified by-products. Nevertheless, discrepancies between theoretical and measured TOC values along with gaps in the mass balance of chlorine-containing species indicated the formation of unaccounted-for chlorinated by-products. Accurate mass measurements by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and MS-MS fragmentation spectra showed that additional compounds formed were dimers and trimers of phenol with structures similar to triclosan and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Chen
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 701B ERC building, 2901 Woodside Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Pablo Campo
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 701B ERC building, 2901 Woodside Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Margaret J Kupferle
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 701B ERC building, 2901 Woodside Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.
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14
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Benitez FJ, Acero JL, Garcia-Reyes JF, Real FJ, Roldan G, Rodriguez E, Molina-Díaz A. Determination of the Reaction Rate Constants and Decomposition Mechanisms of Ozone with Two Model Emerging Contaminants: DEET and Nortriptyline. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402916u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Javier Benitez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
| | - Juan L. Acero
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J. Real
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
| | - Gloria Roldan
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
| | - Elena Rodriguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06006, Spain
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15
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Zhao Y, Wang C, Wendling LA, Pei Y. Feasibility of using drinking water treatment residuals as a novel chlorpyrifos adsorbent. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7446-7452. [PMID: 23862625 DOI: 10.1021/jf401763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts have increasingly focused on the development of low-cost adsorbents for pesticide retention. In this work, the novel reuse of drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs), a nonhazardous ubiquitous byproduct, as an adsorbent for chlorpyrifos was investigated. Results showed that the kinetics and isothermal processes of chlorpyrifos sorption to WTRs were better described by a pseudo-second-order model and by the Freundlich equation, respectively. Moreover, compared with paddy soil and other documented absorbents, the WTRs exhibited a greater affinity for chlorpyrifos (log Koc = 4.76-4.90) and a higher chlorpyrifos sorption capacity (KF = 5967 mg(1-n)·L·kg(-1)) owing to the character and high content of organic matter. Further investigation demonstrated that the pH had a slight but statistically insignificant effect on chlorpyrifos sorption to WTRs; solution ionic strength and the presence of low molecular weight organic acids both resulted in concentration-dependent inhibition effects. Overall, these results confirmed the feasibility of using WTRs as a novel chlorpyrifos adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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