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Bärenstrauch M, Vanhove AS, Allégra S, Peuble S, Gallice F, Paran F, Lavastre V, Girardot F. Microbial diversity and geochemistry of groundwater impacted by steel slag leachates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156987. [PMID: 35772557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To understand long-term impacts of steel slag material on aquifer geochemistry and microbial communities, we conducted four sampling campaigns in the Gier alluvial groundwater (Loire, France). In its northern part, the aquifer flows under a 200,000 m3 steel slag exhibiting high levels of chromium and molybdenum. Geochemical analyses of the water table revealed the existence of water masses with different chemical signatures. They allowed us to identify an area particularly contaminated by leachates from the slag heap, whatever the sampling period. Water samples from this area were compared to non-contaminated samples, with geochemical characteristics similar to the river samples. To follow changes in microbial communities, the V3-V4 region of 16 s rRNA gene was sequenced. Overall, we observed lower diversity indices in contaminated areas, with higher relative abundances of Verrucomicrobiota and Myxococcota phyla, while several Proteobacteria orders exhibited lower relative abundances. In particular, one single genus among the Verrucomicrobiota, Candidatus Omnitrophus, represented up to 36 % of total taxon abundance in areas affected by steel slag leachates. A large proportion of taxa identified in groundwater were also detected in the upstream river, indicating strong river-groundwater interactions. Our findings pave the way for future research work on C. Omnitrophus remediation capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Bärenstrauch
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, EVS-ISTHME UMR 5600, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Audrey S Vanhove
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, EVS-ISTHME UMR 5600, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Séverine Allégra
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, EVS-ISTHME UMR 5600, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Steve Peuble
- Mines Saint-Étienne, Centre "Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels" (SPIN), Département "Procédés pour l'Environnement et les Géo-ressources" (PEG), UMR 5600 EVS, UMR 5307 LGF, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Gallice
- Mines Saint-Étienne, Centre "Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels" (SPIN), Département "Procédés pour l'Environnement et les Géo-ressources" (PEG), UMR 5600 EVS, UMR 5307 LGF, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Paran
- Mines Saint-Étienne, Centre "Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels" (SPIN), Département "Procédés pour l'Environnement et les Géo-ressources" (PEG), UMR 5600 EVS, UMR 5307 LGF, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Véronique Lavastre
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre Planètes Environnement LGL-TPE, CNRS -UMR 5276, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Françoise Girardot
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, EVS-ISTHME UMR 5600, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
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Nguyen LH, Nguyen TD, Tran TVN, Nguyen DL, Tran HS, Nguyen TL, Nguyen TH, Nguyen HG, Nguyen TP, Nguyen NT, Isawa T, Ta Y, Sato R. Steel slag quality control for road construction aggregates and its environmental impact: case study of Vietnamese steel industry-leaching of heavy metals from steel-making slag. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:41983-41991. [PMID: 34564812 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Steel slag is an industrial by product of steel manufacturing processes and has been widely utilized within civil and construction materials for road materials and environmental remediation in countries like Japan, USA, and European Union nations. However, the current utilization of steel slag in Vietnam is very low mainly because of lack of quality control of slag treatment and chances for reuse of treated steel slag. This paper presents the up to date steel slag production status in Vietnam through the extensive survey and sampling at seven large steel factories. The paper also highlights the environmental and quality control issues of these steel slags to use as road construction aggregates by assessing the heavy metals concentration in the leachate. The basic oxygen furnace (BOF) and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag samples were collected to evaluate leaching properties of metals leached from the slags. The two standardized batch leaching tests of steel slag roadbed material in Japan (JIS K 0058-1) and toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP-EPA method 1311) were performed to the evaluated the hazardous metals. The results of the leaching test show that almost all of the concentration of the metals in the leached solution does not exceed the National Standard for Industrial Wastewater Discharge (QCVN 40-2011). The pH and parameters such as total chromium, nickel, copper, lead, arsenic, and manganese differ from the two test methods. The acidic conditions employed in the EPA 1311 were not representative of condition excepted during slag reuse in road constructions because in the operation condition of the road, acidic liquid is absent. The leaching test results confirmed that JIS test which uses deionized water with gentle mixing prevents the slag sample from size degradation is suitable for the environmental assessment of steel slag use for roadbed material. This research suggests that the adjustment of pH value prior to disposal or reuse as base materials and official guideline should be promulgate by the authorities to ensure the leachate meet the surface water quality standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Dung Nguyen
- Faculty of Building Materials, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Viet Nga Tran
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Luong Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoai Son Tran
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Lien Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Huong Nguyen
- Vietnam Japan Institute for Advanced Technology, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Giang Nguyen
- Faculty of Building and Industrial Construction, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Tan Phong Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment, Natural Resources and Climate Change, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Steel Slag Characterisation—Benefit of Coupling Chemical, Mineralogical and Magnetic Techniques. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10080705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Steel-making slag is largely used today in road construction and other applications, but significant volumes are landfilled and cannot be recycled for excessive contents in hazardous metals, such as chromium or vanadium. The long-term behaviour of this material is still little known, and the characterisation of large volume slag dumps remains an environmental challenge. In this study various analytical techniques are used to characterise Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag landfilled for several decades and exposed to chemical weathering and erosion. Coupling chemical, mineralogical and magnetic techniques helps to understand the relations between hazardous metals and mineral phases. A special interest is given to Fe-bearing minerals microstructure so as to link the magnetic properties of the material to its mineralogical composition. The studied slag presents high amounts of chromium (between 1 and 3 wt. %) and very high magnetic susceptibility values (near 60 × 10−6 m3/kg), explained by the presence of magnetite and a spinel solid solution. Some correlations are found between magnetic susceptibility and potentially hazardous metals, providing new perspectives for future environmental investigations.
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Hobson AJ, Stewart DI, Mortimer RJG, Mayes WM, Rogerson M, Burke IT. Leaching behaviour of co-disposed steel making wastes: Effects of aeration on leachate chemistry and vanadium mobilisation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 81:1-10. [PMID: 30527025 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Steelmaking wastes stored in landfill, such as slag and spent refractory liners, are often enriched in toxic trace metals (including V). These may become mobile in highly alkaline leachate generated during weathering. Fresh steelmaking waste was characterised using XRD, XRF, and SEM-EDX. Batch leaching tests were performed under aerated, air-excluded and acidified conditions to determine the impact of atmospheric CO2 and acid addition on leachate chemistry. Phases commonly associated with slag including dicalcium silicate, dicalcium aluminoferrite, a wüstite-like solid solution and free lime were identified, as well as a second group of phases including periclase, corundum and graphite which are representative of refractory liners. During air-excluded leaching, dissolution of free lime and dicalcium silicate results in a high pH, high Ca leachate in which the V concentration is low due to the constraint imposed by Ca3(VO4)2 solubility limits. Under aerated conditions, carbonation lowers the leachate pH and provides a sink for aqueous Ca, allowing higher concentrations of V to accumulate. Below pH 10, leachate is dominated by periclase dissolution and secondary phases including monohydrocalcite and dolomite are precipitated. Storage of waste under saturated conditions that exclude atmospheric CO2 would therefore provide the optimal environment to minimise V leaching during weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hobson
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Robert J G Mortimer
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Southwell, Nottinghamshire NG25 0QF, UK
| | - William M Mayes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Mike Rogerson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Ian T Burke
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Wang SY, Chen SC, Lin YC, Kuo YC, Chen JY, Kao CM. Acidification and sulfide formation control during reductive dechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane in groundwater: Effectiveness and mechanistic study. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 160:216-229. [PMID: 27376861 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the reductive dechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCA) in groundwater, substrate injection may be required. However, substrate biodegradation causes groundwater acidification and sulfide production, which inhibits the bacteria responsible for DCA dechlorination and results in an odor problem. In the microcosm study, the effectiveness of the addition of ferrous sulfate (FS), desulfurization slag (DS), and nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on acidification and sulfide control was studied during reductive dechlorination of DCA, and the emulsified substrate (ES) was used as the substrate. Up to 94% of the sulfide was removed with FS and DS addition (0.25 wt%) (initial DCA concentration = 13.5 mg/L). FS and DS amendments resulted in the formation of a metal sulfide, which reduced the hydrogen sulfide concentration as well as the subsequent odor problem. Approximately 96% of the DCA was degraded under reductive dechlorination with nZVI or DS addition using ES as the substrate. In microcosms with nZVI or DS addition, the sulfide concentration was reduced to less than 15 μg/L. Acidification can be controlled via hydroxide ions production after nZVI oxidation and reaction of free CaO (released from DS) with water, which enhanced DCA dechlorination. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that the microcosms with nZVI added had the highest Dehalococcoides population (up to 2.5 × 10(8) gene copies/g soil) due to effective acidification control. The α-elimination mechanism was the main abiotic process, and reductive dechlorination dominated by Dehalococcides was the biotic mechanism that resulted in DCA removal. More than 22 bacterial species were detected, and dechlorinating bacteria existed in soils under alkaline and acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S C Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Y C Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y C Kuo
- Formosa Petrochemical Co., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - J Y Chen
- Formosa Petrochemical Co., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C M Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhou T, Lu P, Gao Y, Yu F, Umar A, Wang Q. Synthesis and characterization of alkali metal molybdates with high catalytic activity for dye degradation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12437b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, the synthesis and catalytic activity of alkali metal molybdates for the degradation of cationic dyes under ambient conditions were systematically studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Tuantuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Yanshan Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science and Arts
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED)
- Najran University
- Najran 11001
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
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Riley AL, Mayes WM. Long-term evolution of highly alkaline steel slag drainage waters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:463. [PMID: 26108748 PMCID: PMC4483270 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of slag generated by the steel industry can have negative consequences upon the surrounding aquatic environment by the generation of high pH waters, leaching of potentially problematic trace metals, and rapid rates of calcite precipitation which smother benthic habitats. A 36-year dataset was collated from the long-term ambient monitoring of physicochemical parameters and elemental concentrations of samples from two steel slag leachate-affected watercourses in northern England. Waters were typified by elevated pH (>10), high alkalinity, and were rich in dissolved metals (e.g. calcium (Ca), aluminium (Al), and zinc (Zn)). Long-term trend analysis was performed upon pH, alkalinity, and Ca concentration which, in addition to Ca flux calculations, were used to highlight the longevity of pollution arising as a result of the dumping and subsequent leaching of steel slags. Declines in calcium and alkalinity have been modest over the monitoring period and not accompanied by significant declines in water pH. If the monotonic trends of decline in alkalinity and calcium continue in the largest of the receiving streams, it will be in the region of 50-80 years before calcite precipitation would be expected to be close to baseline levels, where ecological impacts would be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex L Riley
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Scarborough, YO11 3AZ, UK,
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