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Ji G, Chen Q, Ding Z, Gu J, Guo M, Shi L, Yu H, Sun H. High mortality and high PCDD/Fs exposure among residents downwind of municipal solid waste incinerators: A case study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118635. [PMID: 34883147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the human body burden of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in populations around municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) in China are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the potential adverse health effects of an 8-year MSWI on the surrounding population and identify possible exposure pathways. We hypothesized that the MSWI would result in different environmental impacts and population health outcomes between upwind and downwind of its 3 km vicinity. We conducted a 10-year retrospective mortality survey on the population surrounding the MSWI. Then, we selected 50 residents aged 50 years or older on each of the upwind and downwind sides of MSWI to test serum PCDD/Fs. Meanwhile, environmental and food exposures to PCDD/Fs were tested for selected residents. The age-adjusted mortality rates were significantly higher for residents downwind than upwind, but no significant difference was found in the standardized mortality ratio before and after the MSWI operation. The toxic equivalents (TEQ) and major congeners of PCDD/Fs were significantly higher in the sera of the downwind residents than in the upwind. The PCDD/Fs in air, soil, dust, and vegetables on the downwind side were not significantly different from those on the upwind side, but the mean concentrations of PCDD/Fs in downwind hen eggs was significantly higher than those from upwind. In conclusion, downwind residents living within 3 km of the MSWI had higher age-adjusted mortality and serum level of PCDD/Fs than upwind residents. This higher mortality rate among downwind residents was not associated with MSWI. However, the higher levels of PCDD/Fs in downwind hen eggs suggest that the downwind population dioxin exposure was related to their location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Min Guo
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Li M, He W, Yang H, Sun S, Li Y. Potential Environmental Risk Characteristics of PCB Transformation Products in the Environmental Medium. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090213. [PMID: 34564364 PMCID: PMC8472189 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The complementary construction of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) phytotoxicity and the biotoxicity 3D-QSAR model, combined with the constructed PCB environmental risk characterization model, was carried out to evaluate the persistent organic pollutant (POP) properties (toxicity (phytotoxicity and biotoxicity), bioconcentration, migration, and persistence) of PCBs and their corresponding transformation products (phytodegradation, microbial degradation, biometabolism, and photodegradation). The transformation path with a significant increase in environmental risks was analyzed. Some environmentally friendly PCB derivatives, exhibiting a good modification effect, and their parent molecules were selected as precursor molecules. Their transformation processes were simulated and evaluated for assessing the environmental risks. Some transformation products displayed increased environmental risks. The environmental risks of plant degradation products of the PCBs in the environmental media showed the maximum risk, indicating that the potential risks of the transformation products of the PCBs and their environmentally friendly derivatives could not be neglected. It is essential to further improve the ability of plants to degrade their transformation products. The improvement of some degradation products for environmentally friendly PCB derivatives indicates that the theoretical modification of a single environmental feature cannot completely control the potential environmental risks of molecules. In addition, this method can be used to analyze and evaluate environmentally friendly PCB derivatives to avoid and reduce the potential environmental and human health risks caused by environmentally friendly PCB derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Li
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (M.L.); (W.H.); (H.Y.)
- School of Emergency Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130119, China
| | - Wei He
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (M.L.); (W.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hao Yang
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (M.L.); (W.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Shimei Sun
- School of Emergency Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130119, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Li
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (M.L.); (W.H.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (Y.L.)
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Bao Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Shi L, Li J, Meng G, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Dioxin-like compounds in paired maternal serum and breast milk under long sampling intervals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110339. [PMID: 32143103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Serum and breast milk are both important biological samples to evaluate body burden of dioxin-like compounds which include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs). We collected maternal serum at early pregnancy, and breast milk at 3-8 weeks after delivery from 55 mothers living in Beijing, China, and measured 29 dioxin-like compounds in these samples. The sampling intervals in this study were extended up to 10 months to analyze differences of contents between serum and breast milk under long sampling intervals. The results showed that mean TEq level of PCDD/Fs in serum (9.8 pg TEq g-1 lipid) was 1.7 times higher than that in milk (4.5 pg TEq g-1 lipid), while the TEq concentrations of dl-PCBs in serum (1.2 pg TEq g-1 lipid) was significantly lower than that in milk (2.0 pg TEq g-1 lipid). There were only two congeners, OCDD (r = 0.32) and PCB105 (r = 0.33), the correlations of which between serum and milk were significant. The differences in distributions of congeners in serum and milk might be influenced by number of chlorine substituents and structures of congeners. In addition, maternal age and BMI were positively and negatively correlated with mass concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in milk and serum respectively. These results suggest that, compared with serum, it is limited to use breast milk to assess long-term exposure for the wider population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lei Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Guimin Meng
- Beijing Fengtai Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
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Transgenerational impairment of ovarian induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) associated with Igf2 and H19 in adult female rat. Toxicology 2019; 428:152311. [PMID: 31629011 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorobenze-p-dioxin (TCDD), one of representive Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), has potential adverse effects on human health. Direct exposure to TCDD has been implicated in ovarian follicles development and functions deficits in adulthood. However, it is rarely reported whether indirect exposure to TCDD can cause similar negative impact on F3. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of ancestral TCDD exposure on ovarian toxicity in offspring rats (F3), focusing on the Igf2/H19 pathway which was important for follicular development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley female rats (F0) were given with either vehicle or TCDD (100 or 500 ng/kg BW/day) by gavages during days 8-14 of gestation. Ovarian development and functions of F3 generation was assessed using the ovary coefficient, the vaginal opening time, and regularity of estrous cycle, ovarian pathology, follicles counts and apoptosis of granular cells. The level of E2, FSH and LH in the serum was also detected. Results showed that in the F3 generation 500 ng/kg BW/day TCDD group, ovarian coefficient, LH concentration in serum and number of primary follicles were decreased, and the apoptosis of granular cells was significantly increased. The abnormal rate of estrous cycle and advance rate of vaginal opening time displayed a significantly increase in TCDD-treated groups. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of H19 mRNA in ovary of TCDD treated F3 female rats was increased, compared to the control. Our data showed that ancestral TCDD exposure may impair transgenerational adult ovary development and functions, which may be related to an inhibition of the Igf2/H19 pathway in the ovarian.
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Concentrations of PCDD/Fs in Human Blood: A Review of Data from the Current Decade. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193566. [PMID: 31554236 PMCID: PMC6801747 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDD/Fs) are environmental pollutants with great persistence, the capacity of bioaccumulation, and well known important toxic effects in humans and animals. Incinerators of hazardous, municipal and medical waste, chlorine bleaching of paper pulp, cement plants, and the traffic of motor vehicles are the most frequent emission sources of these compounds. The diet, followed at a great distance by inhalation, is generally the main way of human exposure to PCDD/Fs. Human biomonitoring is of great importance to prevent potential adverse effects derived from exposure to chemicals such as PCDD/Fs. In relation to this, blood is among the most used biological monitors. In the current review, we have summarized the recent information (2000–2009) published in the scientific literature (databases: Scopus and PubMed) on the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in blood samples of non-occupationally exposed populations, as well as in some groups of occupationally exposed individuals. We have revised a number of studies conducted in various African, American, Asian and European countries, and Australia. Unfortunately, the information is quite limited. No data are available for most countries over the world. Based on the results here reviewed, where available, the current health risks for the general populations do not seem to be of concern. Moreover, taking into account the important reductions observed in the levels of PCDD/Fs in foodstuffs, new decreases in the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in blood—and other biological tissues—are very probable in the immediate years.
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Yu D, Liu X, Liu X, Cao W, Zhang X, Tian H, Wang J, Xiong N, Wen S, Wu Y, Sun X, Zhou Y. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Umbilical Cord Serum from Pregnant Women Living Near a Chemical Plant in Tianjin, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122178. [PMID: 31248229 PMCID: PMC6616537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are bioaccumulative compounds that may affect fetal growth and infant development. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pregnant women living near a chemical plant in Tianjin had a risk of exposure to dioxins. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in 24 umbilical cord serum samples collected from pregnant women were measured using a high-resolution gas chromatograph with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC-HRMS) and an isotopic dilution method. The levels of ∑(PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs) were in the range 476-8307 pg·g-1 lipid, with a mean of 3037 pg·g-1. The mean World Health Organization toxicity equivalent (WHO-TEQ) for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs was 14.0 and 2.14 pg·g-1 lipid, respectively. The PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs contributed 86.7% and 13.3%, respectively, to the total TEQ. The octa-CDFs and penta-CBs were predominant for the PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, accounting for 57.6% and 74.3%, respectively. Several PCDD/F and dl-PCB congeners were highly correlated, such as PCB 105 and PCB 118 (r = 0.982, p < 0.001). Although the results hint at decreasing trends for PCDD/F and dl-PCBs by comparison with a similar study in Tianjin, a total TEQ of 41.7% of study participants had a body burden that exceeded the biomonitoring equivalents for dioxins. It was shown that pregnant women and infants had a health risk of exposure to dioxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Yu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, LiuFang Campus, No.206, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan 430205, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Xiao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Wencheng Cao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Haoyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nan Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South Central University for Nationalities, #182 Minzu Avenue, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yongning Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, #7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #27 Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Müller MHB, Polder A, Brynildsrud OB, Grønnestad R, Karimi M, Lie E, Manyilizu WB, Mdegela RH, Mokiti F, Murtadha M, Nonga HE, Skaare JU, Solhaug A, Lyche JL. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants in Northern Tanzania and their distribution between breast milk, maternal blood, placenta and cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:433-442. [PMID: 30634139 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) begins during pregnancy and may cause adverse health effects in the fetus or later in life. The present study aimed to assess prenatal POPs exposure to Tanzanian infants and evaluate the distribution of POPs between breast milk, maternal blood, placenta and cord blood. For assessment of prenatal exposure, 48 maternal blood samples from Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital (MMRRH), Arusha Tanzania, were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), dioxin-like (DL) activity and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs). For evaluation of POPs distribution between maternal/infant compartments, breast milk, placenta and cord blood corresponding to the maternal blood were analyzed for OCPs, PCBs and BFRs. In maternal blood, p,p´- DDE was detected in 100% of the samples ranging between 29 and 1890 ng/g lipid weight (lw). PCB-153 was the only PCB detected in maternal blood, with detection rate of 29% and concentrations up to 116 ng/g lw. BDE-47 was detected in 65% of the maternal blood samples, ranging between <LOD and 83.2 ng/g lw. DL activity was measured using Dioxin Responsive CALUX® bioassay. The DL activity was above LOQ in 92% of the samples, ranging from <LOQ to 114 pg CALUX TEQ/g lw. PFASs was dominated by PFOS and PFOA, however, the concentrations were low (range ∑PFASs 0.18-3.14 ng/mL). p,p´-DDE was detected in 100% of the breast milk, placenta and cord blood samples and the concentrations were strongly correlated (r = 0.89-0.98) between all compartments. Maternal blood (MB) had significantly lower p,p´-DDE concentrations (ng/g lw) than cord blood (CB) and breast milk (BM). The median CB/MB ratio was 1.3 and median MB/BM ratio was 0.8. p,p´-DDE concentrations in breast milk and cord blood did not show significant difference and median CB/BM ratio was 1. In addition, the relative p,p`-DDE transfer from maternal blood to breast milk and to cord blood increased when p,p`-DDE concentrations in maternal blood increased. This study shows that Tanzanian infants are exposed to a wide range of POPs during fetal life, which raise concerns for potential health effects. In addition, this study found that maternal blood concentrations may lead to underestimation of prenatal exposure, while breast milk collected close to delivery may be a more suitable indicator of prenatal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H B Müller
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - A Polder
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - O B Brynildsrud
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - R Grønnestad
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Karimi
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - E Lie
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadallèen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - W B Manyilizu
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - R H Mdegela
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - F Mokiti
- Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 3092, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - M Murtadha
- Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 3092, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - H E Nonga
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - J U Skaare
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - A Solhaug
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - J L Lyche
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
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Strémy M, Šutová Z, Murínová ĽP, Richterová D, Wimmerová S, Čonka K, Drobná B, Fábelová L, Jurečková D, Jusko TA, Tihányi J, Trnovec T. The spatial distribution of congener-specific human PCB concentrations in a PCB-polluted region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2292-2303. [PMID: 30332662 PMCID: PMC6246788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Serum PCB congener concentrations were measured in 602 adults living near a PCB pollution source in eastern Slovakia. We created isoconcentration maps for 21 PCB congeners by geocoding each participant's place of residence and kriging. Concentrations of PCB congeners were inversely associated with the distance of the participants' residence from the source of pollution. Congener-specific risk factors were derived, particularly for PCBs 52 and 153. We observed that the spatial distribution of serum concentrations was influenced by micro-climatic parameters and physicochemical properties of the congeners. PCB congener profiles strongly correlated with that of the PCB commercial product Delor 106, which was manufactured in the region. The isoconcentration maps indicate that the zones with the highest predicted congener concentration have a mean area of approximately 235.75±188.56km2 and the mean enrichment of concentration of congeners in serum in these zones is about 5.12±1.36. We estimate that depending on congener approximately 23,457±18,762 individuals with PCB concentrations exceeding health-based guidance values live in these zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilián Strémy
- Research Centre of Progressive Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hajdóczyho 1, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Šutová
- Research Centre of Progressive Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hajdóczyho 1, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Čonka
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Beata Drobná
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Fábelová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Jurečková
- The Štefan Kukura Hospital and Policlinic, Michalovce, Slovakia
| | - Todd A Jusko
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Juraj Tihányi
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Zhang HJ, Liu YN, Xian P, Ma J, Sun YW, Chen JS, Chen X, Tang NJ. Maternal exposure to TCDD during gestation advanced sensory-motor development, but induced impairments of spatial learning and memory in adult male rat offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:678-686. [PMID: 30176550 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) with high persistency. Even a low amount can pass the placental barrier during gestational exposure. Exposure to TCDD exposure can impair the development of the nervous system in children, leading to impaired learning ability in later-life. But the changes in neurobehavioral developments in infancy and childhood caused by TCDD are unknown. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given a consecutive daily dose of TCDD (200 or 800 ng/day/kg) or an equivalent volume of vehicle by gavage on gestational days 8-14 (GD 8-14) as the prenatal TCDD exposure model. In the offspring, early neurobehavioral development was assessed at postnatal day 5 (PND5) and eye-opening was monitored from PND10 onwards. Adult male offspring was tested by Morris Water Maze for spatial memory and learning ability evaluation. Hippocampus Nissl's staining and astrocyte GFAP immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the activity of astrocytes. The results of the behavioral tests showed that gestational TCDD exposure induced premature motor activity and earlier eyes-opening, but lead to serious deficits of spatial memory and learning ability in the adult male offspring. Morphology and number of neurons in the hippocampus CA1 region was not affected, while the activity of astrocytes in the same region was significantly reduced. These data indicate that perinatal TCDD exposure induced premature neurobehavioral development but impaired the spatial learning and memory in adult male rat offspring. The decreased activity of astrocytes in the hippocampus may play a role in these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jing Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Ping Xian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Diseases Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Ya-Wen Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Jing-Shan Chen
- Department of Technology and Science, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Nai-Jun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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10
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Fabrication of V2O5/g-C3N4 heterojunction composites and its enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance for degradation of gaseous ortho-dichlorobenzene. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Murugan K, Vasudevan N. Intracellular toxicity exerted by PCBs and role of VBNC bacterial strains in biodegradation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:40-60. [PMID: 29605643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are xenobiotic compounds that persists in the environment for long-term, though its productivity is banned. Abatement of the pollutants have become laborious due to it's recalcitrant nature in the environment leading to toxic effects in humans and other living beings. Biphenyl degrading bacteria co-metabolically degrade low chlorinated PCBs using the active metabolic pathway. bph operon possess different genetic arrangements in gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The binding ability of the genes and the active sites were determined by PCB docking studies. The active site of bphA gene with conserved amino acid residues determines the substrate specificity and biodegradability. Accumulation of toxic intermediates alters cellular behaviour, biomass production and downturn the metabolic activity. Several bacteria in the environment attain unculturable state which is viable and metabolically active but not cultivable (VBNC). Resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf) and Rpf homologous protein retrieve the culturability of the so far uncultured bacteria. Recovery of this adaptive mechanism against various physical and chemical stressors make a headway in understanding the functionality of both environmental and medically important unculturable bacteria. Thus, this paper review about the general aspects of PCBs, cellular toxicity exerted by PCBs, role of unculturable bacterial strains in biodegradation, genes involved and degradation pathways. It is suggested to extrapolate the research findings on extracellular organic matters produced in culture supernatant of VBNC thus transforming VBNC to culturable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuvelan Murugan
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, CEG Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Namasivayam Vasudevan
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, CEG Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Mumtaz M, Mehmood A, Qadir A, Mahmood A, Malik RN, Sabir AM, Li J, Zhang G. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) in rice grains and straw; risk surveillance, congener specific analysis, distribution and source apportionment from selected districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:620-627. [PMID: 26613515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current study presents health risk surveillance by investigating the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains and rice straw. Samples were collected from four districts (Okara, Sahiwal, Lahore and Sheikhpura) of Punjab Province, Pakistan for congener specific analysis of PCBs, and to observe the spatial distribution pattern and point sources. Level of Σ30 PCB (ng g(-1)) in rice grains and rice straw ranged from 4.31 to 29.68 and 6.11-25.35, respectively. Tetra-CBs were found predominant in rice straw (49%) and grains (38%) over other PCB homologs. No significant variation (P>0.005) was observed for most of the screened PCBs congeners except, PCB-66, -77, -60, -101, -74, -138, -153 and -105 in rice grains and PCB-66 in rice straw. Reported toxicity equivalency (TEQ) values for dioxin like PCBs in rice grains were found lower than the previously published reports from Asian countries, however higher TEQ values are reported for rice straw in this study. Health was found at risk of cancer among one in million by consumption of the study area food stuffs, though no considerable carcinogenic risks to human health was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehvish Mumtaz
- College of Earth and Environmental Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Andleeb Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad PO: 45550, Pakistan; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environment Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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13
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Ma J, Chen X, Liu Y, Xie Q, Sun Y, Chen J, Leng L, Yan H, Zhao B, Tang N. Ancestral TCDD exposure promotes epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of imprinted gene Igf2: Methylation status and DNMTs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:193-202. [PMID: 26455773 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ancestral TCDD exposure could induce epigenetic transgenerational phenotypes, which may be mediated in part by imprinted gene inheritance. The aim of our study was to evaluate the transgenerational effects of ancestral TCDD exposure on the imprinted gene insulin-like growth factor-2 (Igf2) in rat somatic tissue. TCDD was administered daily by oral gavage to groups of F0 pregnant SD rats at dose levels of 0 (control), 200 or 800 ng/kg bw during gestation day 8-14. Animal transgenerational model of ancestral exposure to TCDD was carefully built, avoiding sibling inbreeding. Hepatic Igf2 expression of the TCDD male progeny was decreased concomitantly with hepatic damage and increased activities of serum hepatic enzymes both in the F1 and F3 generation. Imprinted Control Region (ICR) of Igf2 manifested a hypermethylated pattern, whereas methylation status in the Differentially Methylated Region 2 (DMR2) showed a hypomethylated manner in the F1 generation. These epigenetic alterations in these two regions maintained similar trends in the F3 generation. Meanwhile, the expressions of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) changed in a non-monotonic manner both in the F1 and F3 generation. This study provides evidence that ancestral TCDD exposure may promote epigenetic transgenerational alterations of imprinted gene Igf2 in adult somatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yawen Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jingshan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ling Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huan Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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