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Zhu M, Tang P, Yu X, Li F, Shi S, Zhang D, Shi J, Tao W, Ruan X, Liu L, Liu B. Effective and mechanistic insights into shale gas wastewater reverse osmosis concentrate treatment using ozonation-biological activated carbon process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174080. [PMID: 38906281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) plays a pivotal role in shale gas wastewater resource utilization. However, managing the reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) characterized by high salinity and increased concentrations of organic matter is challenging. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the enhancement effects and mechanisms of pre-ozonation on organic matter removal efficacy in ROC using a biological activated carbon (BAC) system. Our findings revealed that during the stable operation phase, the ozonation (O3 and O3/granular activated carbon)-BAC system removes 43.6-72.2 % of dissolved organic carbon, achieving a 4-7 fold increase in efficiency compared with that in the BAC system alone. Through dynamic analysis of influent and effluent water quality, biofilm performance, and microbial community structure, succession, and function prediction, we elucidated the following primary enhancement mechanisms: 1) pre-ozonation significantly enhances the biodegradability of ROC by 4.5-6 times and diminishes the organic load on the BAC system; 2) pre-ozonation facilitates the selective enrichment of microbes capable of degrading organic compounds in the BAC system, thereby enhancing the biodegradation capacity and stability of the microbial community; and 3) pre-ozonation accelerates the regeneration rate of the granular activated carbon adsorption sites. Collectively, our findings provide valuable insights into treating ROC through pre-oxidation combined with biotreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, PR China
| | - Peng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, PR China
| | - Xulin Yu
- Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Jianghan Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430073, PR China
| | - Fengming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, PR China
| | - Shuling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, PR China
| | - Jialin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, PR China
| | - Wei Tao
- Junji Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430223, PR China
| | - Xia Ruan
- Junji Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430223, PR China
| | - Lujian Liu
- Junji Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430223, PR China
| | - Baicang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, PR China.
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Terry LG, Peterson E, Summers RS. Organic matter biofiltration performance modeling: Influence of influent water quality, operating conditions, and biomass. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:121006. [PMID: 38141435 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The impact of source water dissolved organic matter (DOM) origin, empty bed contact time (EBCT), temperature, and pretreatment methods on biofiltration performance was evaluated and predictive models based on experimental data were developed. Three DOM source water types, terrestrial, microbial, and treated wastewater (WW) effluent, were utilized. A model was developed to predict biofilter performance for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal based on the influent biodegradable DOC (BDOC) fraction, a single active biomass measurement from the top of the filter and the filter EBCT. A biomass distribution model was developed to predict total active biomass throughout the filter based on a single biomass measurement from the top of the filter. The measured BDOC fractions were 21 % for the nonWW impacted source waters, 36 % for the WW effluents and 62 % for the ozonated WW effluents. At an EBCT of 15 min, biofilters removed between 7 and 21 % of the DOC (19 to 50 % for BDOC) depending on the DOM type and use of ozonation. When the EBCT decreased to 5 min DOC removal decreased by 40 % and when increased to 30 min removal increased by 42 %. When the temperature decreased from 22 °C to 6 °C DOC removal was 33 % lower and when increased to 28 °C removal was 42 % higher. ATP values were found to be a function of temperature and DOM origin, as the average ATP values from the WW effluent biofilters were almost double that of the non-WW impacted sources and pre-ozonation of the WW effluent yielded values three times higher. The model was applied to the results of 27 different biofilter runs at three EBCTs yielding one distinct rate constant for the non-WW impacted source waters and one rate constant for the WW effluents. The model was successfully applied to the results of 19 filter runs from the literature and to those from a pilot plant over 6 months of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh G Terry
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Box 870205, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Eric Peterson
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - R Scott Summers
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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3
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Liang C, Zhang N, Pang Y, Li S, Shang J, Zhang Y, Kuang Z, Liu J, Fei H. Cultivation of Spirulina platensis for nutrient removal from piggery wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:85733-85745. [PMID: 37392298 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of livestock wastewater without appropriate treatment causes severe harm to the environment and human health. In the pursuit of finding solutions to this problem, the cultivation of microalgae as feedstock for biodiesel and animal feed additive using livestock wastewater coupled with the removal of nutrients from wastewater has become a hot research topic. In this study, the cultivation of Spirulina platensis using piggery wastewater for the production of biomass and the removal of nutrients were studied. The results of single factor experiments confirmed that Cu2+ seriously inhibit the growth of Spirulina platensis, while the influences of nitrogen, phosphorous, and zinc on the growth of Spirulina platensis can all be described as "low promotes high inhibits." Spirulina platensis grew well in the 4-fold dilution of piggery wastewater supplemented with moderate sodium bicarbonate, which indicated that it is the limiting nutrients for Spirulina platensis growth in piggery wastewater. The biomass concentration of Spirulina platensis reached 0.56 g/L after 8 days of culture at the optimal conditions proposed by the response surface method, which were as follows: 4-fold dilution of piggery wastewater, 7 g/L sodium bicarbonate, pH of 10.5, initial OD560 of 0.63, light intensity of 3030 lx, and light time/dark time of 16 h/8 h. Spirulina platensis cultured in the diluted piggery wastewater contained 43.89% protein, 9.4% crude lipid, 6.41 mg/g chlorophyll a, 4.18% total sugar, 27.7 mg/kg Cu, and 246.2 mg/kg Zn. The removal efficiency for TN, TP, COD, Zn, and Cu from the wastewater by Spirulina platensis was 76%, 72%, 93.1%, 93.5%, and 82.5%, respectively. These results demonstrated the feasibility of piggery wastewater treatment by the cultivation of Spirulina platensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Liang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China.
| | - Nali Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Yu Pang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Jiafan Shang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Zhenzhong Kuang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Junhe Liu
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Hua Fei
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
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Sauter D, Steuer A, Wasmund K, Hausmann B, Szewzyk U, Sperlich A, Gnirss R, Cooper M, Wintgens T. Microbial communities and processes in biofilters for post-treatment of ozonated wastewater treatment plant effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159265. [PMID: 36206900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation is an established solution for organic micropollutant (OMP) abatement in tertiary wastewater treatment. Biofiltration is the most common process for the biological post-treatment step, which is generally required to remove undesired oxidation products from the reaction of ozone with water matrix compounds. This study comparatively investigates the effect of filter media on the removal of organic contaminants and on biofilm properties for biologically activated carbon (BAC) and anthracite biofilters. Biofilms were analysed in two pilot-scale filters that have been operated for >50,000 bed volumes as post-treatment for ozonated wastewater treatment plant effluent. In parallel, the removal performance of bulk organics and OMP, including differentiation of adsorption and biotransformation through sodium azide inhibition, were carried out in bench-scale filter columns filled with material from the pilot filters. The use of BAC instead of anthracite resulted in an improved removal of organic bulk parameters, dissolved oxygen, and OMP. The OMP removal observed in the BAC filter but not in the anthracite filter was based on adsorption for most of the investigated compounds. For valsartan, however, biotransformation was found to be the dominant pathway, indicating that conditions for biotransformation of certain OMP are better on BAC than on anthracite. Adenosine triphosphate analyses in the media-attached biofilms of the pilot filters showed that biomass concentrations in the BAC filter were significantly higher than in the anthracite filter. The microbial communities (16S rRNA gene sequencing) appeared to be similar with respect to the types of organisms occurring on both filter materials. Alpha diversity also exhibited little variation between filter media. Beta diversity analysis, however, revealed that filter media and bed depth substantially influenced the biofilm composition. In practice, the impact of filter media on biofilm properties and biotransformation processes should be considered for the design of biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sauter
- Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Neue Juedenstr. 1, 10179 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Steuer
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth Wasmund
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; School of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry I St, PO12DY Portsmouth, UK
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Szewzyk
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Regina Gnirss
- Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Neue Juedenstr. 1, 10179 Berlin, Germany
| | - Myriel Cooper
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wintgens
- RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Str. 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
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Abd-Ur-Rehman HM, Deletic A, Zhang K, Prodanovic V. The comparative performance of lightweight green wall media for the removal of xenobiotic organic compounds from domestic greywater. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118774. [PMID: 35759846 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green walls can provide an aesthetic approach to treat domestic greywater in urban landscapes. However, the widespread adoption of green walls for greywater treatment depends on its performance to remove the emerging contaminants from greywater such as xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs). In this study, the performance of five lightweight green wall media types (zeolite, perlite, date seeds, coffee grinds, and coco coir) was evaluated for the removal of six XOCs representing a range of hydrophilic to hydrophobic organic micropollutants in domestic greywater (acetaminophen, diethyltoluamide, bisphenol A, oxybenzone, triclosan, nonylphenol). The adsorption affinity of targeted XOCs on different green wall media types, the role of contact time on XOCs removal, and the impact of background pollutants in greywater matrix on the adsorption of XOCs were analysed. Results indicate that removal of XOCs was higher using carbonaceous waste materials (date seeds, coffee grinds, and coco coir) as compared to natural minerals (zeolite and perlite). Moreover, the adsorption of XOCs increased with the increase in pollutant hydrophobicity. All XOCs showed highest removal using coco coir with fast adsorption kinetics, achieving 90% of the removal in 30 min. The only exception was acetaminophen that showed best removal using zeolite but exhibited slow adsorption kinetics with 90% of the removal attained in 24 h. The initial adsorption kinetics (<30 min) of XOCs in greywater were adversely affected by the presence of background pollutants, indicating the need of higher residence time of greywater in green wall system for better removal of XOCs. Based on the findings of this batch study, it is recommended to design a green wall system with more than 30 min of greywater residence time using a mixture of coco coir and zeolite for effective removal of XOCs from domestic greywater.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Abd-Ur-Rehman
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - A Deletic
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - K Zhang
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - V Prodanovic
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Microbial ecology of biofiltration used for producing safe drinking water. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4813-4829. [PMID: 35771243 PMCID: PMC9329406 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biofiltration is a water purification technology playing a pivotal role in producing safe drinking water. This technology attracts many interests worldwide due to its advantages, such as no addition of chemicals, a low energy input, and a high removal efficiency of organic compounds, undesirable taste and odours, and pathogens. The current review describes the microbial ecology of three biofiltration processes that are routinely used in drinking water treatment plants, i.e. (i) rapid sand filtration (RSF), (ii) granular activated carbon filtration (GACF), and (iii) slow sand filtration (SSF). We summarised and compared the characteristics, removal performance, and corresponding (newly revealed) mechanisms of the three biofiltration processes. Specifically, the microbial ecology of the different biofilter processes and the role of microbial communities in removing nutrients, organic compounds, and pathogens were reviewed. Finally, we highlight the limitations and challenges in the study of biofiltration in drinking water production, and propose future perspectives for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the microbial ecology of biofiltration, which is needed to promote and optimise its further application. Key points • Biofilters are composed of complex microbiomes, primarily shaped by water quality. • Conventional biofilters contribute to address safety challenges in drinking water. • Studies may underestimate the active/functional role of microbiomes in biofilters. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12013-x.
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Escolà Casas M, Larzabal E, Matamoros V. Exploring the usage of artificial root exudates to enhance the removal of contaminants of emerging concern in slow sand filters: Synthetic vs. real wastewater conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153978. [PMID: 35181359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies we observed that laboratory-scale constructed wetlands exposed to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) increased the release of certain root metabolites which were probably linked with the enhancement of CEC biodegradation. Based on this, the current study tested if the addition of artificial root exudates in slow sand-filtration systems could also enhance the removal of CECs from wastewater. First, in a preliminary study, twelve laboratory-scale slow sand-filtration columns were operated under synthetic and unrealistic wastewater conditions. Thus, by using synthetic wastewater, high concentration of CECs (100 μg L-1 of benzotriazole, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and diclofenac) and artificial root exudates (2-9 g L-1 of glucose, salicylic acid or arginine) we observed that attenuation was enhanced for most of the studied CECs (up to 400%). This enhancement was attributed to cometabolism because the effects on CEC removal ceased when the supply of root exudates was stopped. A follow-up study was conducted to approach real-wastewater treatment conditions. Sand columns were operated with real wastewater, lower concentrations of the selected CECs (20 μg L-1) and of root exudates (0.2 mg L-1 of salicylic acid and 1.14 mg L-1 TOC of Cyperus alternifolius' root exudates). Under these conditions, the addition of root exudates on CEC removal had no effects. Thus, we conducted another test with three different concentrations of salicylic acid. When the concentration of salicylic acid increased to 200 mg L-1, CEC removal modestly increased (up to 40%). Divergence between synthetic and real wastewater studies might be explained, mainly, by the presence of organic sources of nutrients in wastewater, which probably masked the effect of root exudates addition at lower concentrations. This study demonstrates that the effectiveness of root exudates application on the attenuation of CECs from wastewater should be explored under real wastewater conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Escolà Casas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eva Larzabal
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Kumar V, Goswami PK, Balendra, Tewari S, Ramanan A. Multicomponent Solids of Niflumic and Mefenamic Acids Based on Acid-Pyridine Synthon. Front Chem 2022; 10:729608. [PMID: 35433637 PMCID: PMC9009247 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.729608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study discusses comparative structural features of fourteen multicomponent solids of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Niflumic and Mefenamic acids, with amine and pyridine-based coformers. All the solids were structurally characterized through PXRD, SCXRD, DSC, and the monophasic nature of some of the solids was established through Rietveld refinement. The solid forms include salt, cocrystal, hydrate, and solvate. Except for two, all the solids reported here showed relatively higher solubility compared to the acids. The difference in pKa and similarity in structural features of both the molecules enabled us to study the effect of ΔpKa on crystallization outcome systematically. The structures of all the solids are described through acid-pyridine synthon perspective.
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Chen WT, Chien CC, Ho WS, Ou JH, Chen SC, Kao CM. Effects of treatment processes on AOC removal and changes of bacterial diversity in a water treatment plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114853. [PMID: 35276566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of different treatment processes on assimilable organic carbon (AOC) removal and bacterial diversity variations was evaluated in a water treatment plant. The van der Kooij technique was applied for AOC analysis and responses of bacterial communities were characterized by the metagenomics assay. Results show that the AOC concentrations were about 93, 148, 43, 51, 37, and 38 μg acetate-C/L in effluents of raw water basin, preozonation, rapid sand filtration (RSF), ozonation, biofiltration [biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration], and chlorination (clear water), respectively. Increased AOC concentrations were observed after preozonation, ozonation, and chlorination units due to the production of biodegradable organic matters after the oxidation processes. Results indicate that the oxidation processes were the main causes of AOC formation, which resulted in significant increases in AOC concentrations (18-59% increment). The AOC removal efficiencies were 47, 28, and 60% in the RSF, biofiltration, and the whole system, respectively. RSF and biofiltration were responsible for the AOC treatment and both processes played key roles in AOC removal. Thus, both RSF and biofiltration processes would contribute to AOC treatment after oxidation. Sediments from the raw water basin and filter samples from RSF and BAC units were collected and analyzed for bacterial communities. Results from scanning electron microscope analysis indicate that bacterial colonization was observed in filter materials. This indicates that the surfaces of the filter materials were beneficial to bacterial growth and AOC removal via the adsorption and biodegradation mechanisms. Next generation sequencing analyses demonstrate that water treatment processes resulted in the changes of bacterial diversity and community profiles in filters of RSF and BAC. According to the findings of bacterial composition and interactions, the dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (41% in RSF and 56% in BAC) followed by Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria in RSF and BAC systems, which might affect the AOC biodegradation efficiency. Results would be useful in developing AOC treatment and management processes in water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C C Chien
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - W S Ho
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - J H Ou
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S C Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - C M Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Hess A, Morgenroth E. Biological activated carbon filter for greywater post-treatment: Long-term TOC removal with adsorption and biodegradation. WATER RESEARCH X 2021; 13:100113. [PMID: 34611621 PMCID: PMC8476437 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biological activated carbon (BAC) filters can be used to remove residual total organic carbon (TOC) from greywater after a membrane bioreactor. The two main TOC removal processes are adsorption to the granular activated carbon (GAC) and biological degradation. Biodegradation leads to the growth of microorganisms in the filter bed, which can lead to increased pressure loss over the filter bed. However, the roles of sorption and biodegradation in long-term TOC removal and how they complement each other are unclear. We monitored TOC removal from greywater in a BAC filter installed following a membrane bioreactor over more than 900 days. Removal performance depended on the operational time of the BAC filter, the influent TOC concentration, and in the upper part of the filter on the empty bed contact time (EBCT). Across the overall filter, the EBCT did not significantly influence TOC removal, showing that the filter was sufficiently large for the range of flow rates observed. Analysis of the long-term data revealed the equal importance of sorption and biodegradation over the whole operation period and the whole filter bed. Most of the TOC was removed in the upper part of the filter, where biodegradation was the dominant mechanism. In the lower part of the filter, sorption capacity remained and allowed high influent TOC concentrations to be buffered. The generous filter design with low average filtration rates ensured long-term TOC removal. The only maintenance needed was backwashing, which was required only after more than 800 days of operation. Backwashing effectively reduced the pressure loss but had no significant influence on the effluent water quality. Our study shows that BAC filters are a suitable post-treatment step for the treatment of greywater with highly variable flow and TOC concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Hess
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Environmental protection by the adsorptive elimination of acetaminophen from water: A comprehensive review. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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McCormick NE, Earle M, Ha C, Hakes L, Evans A, Anderson L, Stoddart AK, Langille MGI, Gagnon GA. Biological and physico-chemical mechanisms accelerating the acclimation of Mn-removing biofilters. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117793. [PMID: 34715404 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated treatment strategies which accelerated the acclimation of new Mn-removing biofilters to help utilities respond to changing Mn regulations, such as the recent introduction of a health-based maximum acceptable concentration and a reduction in the aesthetic objective for Mn in drinking water by Health Canada. Bench-scale filters of either GAC or anthracite media were fed with applied water containing Mn (17-61 μg/L) from a full-scale plant over 294 days. Treatment strategies included the addition of H2O2 (1 mg/L) and/or an increase in pH from 6.8 to 7.5 through the addition of NaOH. The potential physico-chemical and biological mechanisms responsible for accelerated biofilter acclimation under the various redox conditions were investigated through thermodynamic modelling, to predict homogeneous Mn oxide formation, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, to characterize the microbial community within the filters. GAC filters treated with NaOH, and both H2O2 and NaOH, were the first to acclimate (< 20 μg/L Mn in filter effluent) after 59 and 63 days respectively, while the ambient GAC filter took almost 3 times as long to acclimate (168 days), and the anthracite filters which received the same chemically adjusted water took almost 4 times as long (226 and 251 days, respectively). The accelerated acclimation in the treated GAC filters was likely due to physico-chemical oxidation via three potential mechanisms: (1) homogeneous oxidation of dissolved Mn(II) to Mn(III)/Mn(IV) oxides and the subsequent removal of oxides from solution through adherence to the GAC surface, (2) adsorption of dissolved Mn(II) to GAC and subsequent homogeneous or biological oxidation, or (3) formation of colloidal Mn(III)/Mn(IV) oxides and subsequent adsorption of dissolved Mn(II) to the Mn colloids. In the untreated GAC filter and all anthracite filters, which did not benefit from improved redox conditions or an active surface, physico-chemical mechanisms alone were insufficient for consistent Mn removal to less than 20 μg/L. Acclimation in these filters was delayed until a microbiome enriched with bacteria capable of biological nitrification and Mn oxidation evolved within the filters. The acclimated microbiome was consistent between GAC and anthracite filters and was significantly different from the non-acclimated microbiome (p < 0.001) initially formed during the early operation of the filters. Interestingly, treatment with NaOH, and NaOH and H2O2, which accelerated physico-chemical oxidation in GAC filters, was observed to delay the development of biological oxidation in anthracite filters, and thus deferred acclimation. Although some filters took longer to acclimate than others, once acclimation was reached all filters had a similar microbiome and were able to consistently remove Mn to below 20 µg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E McCormick
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - M Earle
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - C Ha
- Alameda County Water District, Freemont, CA, USA
| | - L Hakes
- Alameda County Water District, Freemont, CA, USA
| | - A Evans
- Arcadis US, Inc., Austin, TX, USA
| | - L Anderson
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - A K Stoddart
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M G I Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - G A Gagnon
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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13
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Hasan M, Alfredo K, Murthy S, Riffat R. Biodegradation of salicylic acid, acetaminophen and ibuprofen by bacteria collected from a full-scale drinking water biofilter. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113071. [PMID: 34174686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the biodegradation of two pharmaceuticals-acetaminophen, and ibuprofen, and one natural organic surrogate-salicylic acid, by bacteria seeded from backwash water collected from a full-scale biofiltration plant. The degradation was studied in the presence of oxygen. Complete removal of salicylic acid was observed in 27-66 h depending on the seasonality of the collected backwash water, while 90-92% acetaminophen removal was observed in more than 225 h. Ibuprofen demonstrated poor removal efficiencies with only 50% biodegradation after 230 h. Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) in the reactor was found to be linked with the biodegradation rate. ATP was found to be correlated with oxygen uptake rate (OUR). ATP also had a correlation with each of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), protein and polysaccharides. These results highlight the potential for increasing the biodegradation rates to achieve enhanced contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Katherine Alfredo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | | | - Rumana Riffat
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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14
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Enhanced removal of Mn2+ and NH4+-N in electrolytic manganese metal residue using washing and electrolytic oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Peterson ES, Summers RS. Removal of effluent organic matter with biofiltration for potable reuse: A review and meta-analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117180. [PMID: 33984587 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofiltration, historically used for biodegradable organic matter (BOM) removal in drinking water treatment, is being increasingly applied for potable reuse which requires unique characterization. This review and meta-analysis evaluates BOM occurrence as part of bulk wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM), quantifies the roles of operational parameters to achieve EfOM removal in biofilters, and identifies research gaps which may be fruitful for understanding reuse biofilter performance. Literature data (n = 76) indicates EfOM has a high biodegradable fraction (median 26%), which after typical ozone doses is higher (57%). A biofiltration performance dataset (n = 160 across 42 WWTP effluents) shows that EfOM removal of 35-40% can be expected when design parameters are optimized. Specifically, higher EfOM removal is achieved by adding pre-ozonation and use of biological activated carbon (BAC) media, with comparatively smaller impacts of increasing ozone dose or increasing empty bed contact time under typical scenarios. Combined, these factors strongly correlate with observed EfOM removal (r2 = 0.64) after accounting for confounding by adsorptive removal in BAC media with fewer than 20,000 bed volumes treated. Future research that quantifies the occurrence of BOM, biomass activity on filter media, steady-state removal by BAC, and impacts of longer empty bed contact times in potable reuse scenarios could impact optimization strategies to meet or exceed biofilter performance observed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Peterson
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 607 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - R Scott Summers
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 607 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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16
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Cheng Y, Xiong W, Huang T. Mechanistic insights into effect of storage conditions of Fe-Mn co-oxide filter media on their catalytic properties in ammonium-nitrogen and manganese oxidative removal. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Zhiteneva V, Ziemendorf É, Sperlich A, Drewes JE, Hübner U. Differentiating between adsorption and biodegradation mechanisms while removing trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) in biological activated carbon (BAC) filters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140567. [PMID: 32659552 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Efficient adsorption of certain trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) present in secondary treated municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents onto granular activated carbon (GAC) has already been demonstrated at lab- and full-scale. Due to high organic matter concentrations in WWTP effluents, GAC filters eventually develop a biofilm and turn into biological activated carbon filters (BAC), where removal of organic compounds is governed by biodegradation as well as by adsorption. However, determining TOrC breakthrough by conducting a long-term BAC column experiment to discern between the removal mechanisms is not possible due to competition for adsorption sites, fluctuating water quality, and other variables. Therefore, a rapid small scale column test (RSSCT) was conducted to determine the contribution of adsorption for select chemicals at 10,000 bed volumes treated (BVT). These results were then used in the pore surface diffusion model (PSDM) to model adsorption behavior at 40,000 BVTs. Pseudo-Freundlich K values obtained from the PSDM model were compared with K values obtained from an integral mass balance calculation. This comparison revealed that the modeling was most accurate for moderately to poorly adsorptive compounds. In comparing RSSCT results to long-term BAC columns, the modeling approach best predicted BAC removal of well adsorbing compounds, such as atenolol, trimethoprim, metoprolol, citalopram, and benzotriazole. However, differences in predicted vs observed BAC removal for the removals of venlafaxine, tramadol and carbamazepine revealed that BAC adsorption capacity was not yet exhausted for these compounds. Therefore, a comparison was not possible. The approach would be improved by operation at longer EBCT and improved calculation of compound fouling indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zhiteneva
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Éric Ziemendorf
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Alexander Sperlich
- Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Research and Development, 10864 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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18
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Vicente-Martínez Y, Caravaca M, Soto-Meca A, Solana-González R. Magnetic core-modified silver nanoparticles for ibuprofen removal: an emerging pollutant in waters. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18288. [PMID: 33106548 PMCID: PMC7588452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we present a novel procedure for ibuprofen adsorption from waters employing magnetic core-modified silver nanoparticles. We demonstrate that 93% adsorption of ibuprofen is achieved in 45 min by means of a simple method, for neutral pH and room temperature, also using a low dose of adsorbent, equal to 7 mg in 500 µL of suspension. The characterization of the adsorbent, before and after adsorption, was carried out by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, BET analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It is worth pointing out that ibuprofen can be desorbed and the adsorbent can be reused, remaining unaltered for the first three cycles, and showing 89.3% adsorption efficiency after the third regeneration. A three-parameter model and the Langmuir isotherm characterize the kinetics and isotherm of adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesica Vicente-Martínez
- University Centre of Defence At the Spanish Air Force Academy, MDE-UPCT, C/Coronel López Peña S/N, Santiago de La Ribera, 30720, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Manuel Caravaca
- University Centre of Defence At the Spanish Air Force Academy, MDE-UPCT, C/Coronel López Peña S/N, Santiago de La Ribera, 30720, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Soto-Meca
- University Centre of Defence At the Spanish Air Force Academy, MDE-UPCT, C/Coronel López Peña S/N, Santiago de La Ribera, 30720, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rubén Solana-González
- University Centre of Defence At the Spanish Air Force Academy, MDE-UPCT, C/Coronel López Peña S/N, Santiago de La Ribera, 30720, Murcia, Spain
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19
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Wang Q, Yu Z, Wei D. High-yield production of biomass, protein and pigments by mixotrophic Chlorella pyrenoidosa through the bioconversion of high ammonium in wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123499. [PMID: 32554150 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To achieve a high consumption rate of ammonium with biomass coproduction, the mixotroph Chlorella pyrenoidosa was cultivated in high ammonium-high salinity wastewater medium in this study. The initial cell density, glucose and ammonium concentrations, and light intensity were optimized in shake flasks. A 5-L fermenter with surrounding LED (Light Emitting Diode) and a 50-L fermenter with inlet LED were employed for batch and semicontinuous cultivation. The results demonstrated that the highest contents of protein (56.7% DW) and total pigments (4.48% DW) with productivities of 5.62 g L-1 d-1 and 0.55 mg L-1 d-1, respectively, were obtained in 5-L photofermenter, while the maximum NH4+ consumption rate (1,800 mg L-1 d-1) and biomass yield (23.6 g L-1) were achieved in 50-L photofermenter. This study developed a novel strategy to convert high ammonium in wastewater to high-protein algal biomass, facilitating wastewater bioremediation and nitrogen recycling utilization by the mixotroph C. pyrenoidosa in photofermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingke Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zongyi Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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20
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Piai L, Blokland M, van der Wal A, Langenhoff A. Biodegradation and adsorption of micropollutants by biological activated carbon from a drinking water production plant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122028. [PMID: 31955023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of micropollutants in surface water is a potential threat for the production of high quality and safe drinking water. Adsorption of micropollutants onto granular activated carbon (GAC) in fixed-bed filters is often applied as a polishing step in the production of drinking water. Activated carbon can act as a carrier material for biofilm, hence biodegradation can be an additional removal mechanism for micropollutants in GAC filters. To assess the potential of biofilm to biodegrade micropollutants, it is necessary to distinguish adsorption from biodegradation as a removal mechanism. We performed experiments at 5 °C and 20 °C with biologically active and autoclaved GAC to assess the biodegradation of micropollutants by the biofilm grown on the GAC surface. Ten micropollutants were selected as model compounds. Three of them, iopromide, iopamidol and metformin, were biodegraded by the GAC biofilm. Additionally, we observed that temperature can increase or decrease adsorption, depending on the micropollutant studied. Finally, we compared the adsorption capacity of GAC used for more than 100,000 bed volumes and fresh GAC. We demonstrated that used GAC shows a higher adsorption capacity for guanylurea, metformin and hexamethylenetetramine and only a limited reduction in adsorption capacity for diclofenac and benzotriazole compared to fresh GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piai
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Blokland
- Wageningen Food Safety Research - Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6708 WB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Wal
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Evides Water Company, PO Box 4472, 3006 AL, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alette Langenhoff
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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21
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Youngwilai A, Kidkhunthod P, Jearanaikoon N, Chaiprapa J, Supanchaiyamat N, Hunt AJ, Ngernyen Y, Ratpukdi T, Khan E, Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi S. Simultaneous manganese adsorption and biotransformation by Streptomyces violarus strain SBP1 cell-immobilized biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136708. [PMID: 32019044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of water containing high proportions of manganese could cause Parkinson's like symptoms and damage the central nervous systems. This study aims to investigate the potential of manganese removal through the development of microbial cell-immobilized biochar. The wood vinegar industry generates a large volume of carbonized wood waste (natural biochar) from the pyrolytic process. This is the first investigation utilizing this low value waste combined with biological treatment for water purification. Raw and hydrogen peroxide-modified biochars were used to immobilize an effective manganese-oxidizing bacterium, Streptomyces violarus strain SBP1 (SBP1). The results demonstrated that the modified biochar had a higher proportion of oxygen-containing functional groups leading to better manganese removal. Manganese adsorption by the modified biochar fitted pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models with the maximum adsorption capacity of 1.15 mg g-1. The modified biochar with SBP1 provided the highest removal efficiency at 78%. The advanced synchrotron analyses demonstrated that manganese removal by the biochar with SBP1 is due to the synergistic combination of manganese adsorption by biochars and biological oxidation by SBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atcharaporn Youngwilai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pinit Kidkhunthod
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nichada Jearanaikoon
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jitrin Chaiprapa
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nontipa Supanchaiyamat
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Andrew J Hunt
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yuvarat Ngernyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thunyalux Ratpukdi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Sumana Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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22
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Cuthbertson AA, Kimura SY, Liberatore HK, Knappe DRU, Stanford B, Summers RS, Dickenson ER, Maness JC, Glover C, Selbes M, Richardson SD. GAC to BAC: Does it make chloraminated drinking water safer? WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115432. [PMID: 32004911 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological activated carbon (BAC) is widely used as a polishing step at full-scale drinking water plants to remove taste and odor compounds and assimilable organic carbon. BAC, especially with pre-ozonation, has been previously studied to control regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs) and DBP precursors. However, most previous studies only include regulated or a limited number of unregulated DBPs. This study explored two full-scale drinking water plants that use pre-chloramination followed by BAC and chloramine as the final disinfectant. While chloramine generally produces lower concentrations of regulated DBPs, it may form increased levels of unregulated nitrogenous and iodinated DBPs. We evaluated 71 DBPs from ten DBP classes including haloacetonitriles, haloacetamides, halonitromethanes, haloacetaldehydes, haloketones, iodinated acetic acids, iodinated trihalomethanes, nitrosamines, trihalomethanes, and haloacetic acids, along with speciated total organic halogen (total organic chlorine, bromine and iodine) across six different BAC filters of increasing age. Most preformed DBPs were well removed by BAC with different ages (i.e., operation times). However, some preformed DBPs were poorly removed or increased following treatment with BAC, including chloroacetaldehyde, dichloronitromethane, bromodichloronitromethane, N-nitrosodimethylamine, dibromochloromethane, tribromomethane, dibromochloroacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid. Some compounds, including dibromoacetaldehyde, bromochloroacetamide, and dibromoacetamide, were formed only after treatment with BAC. Total organic halogen removal was variable in both plants and increases in TOCl or TOI were observable on one occasion at each plant. While calculated genotoxicity decreased in all filters, decreases in overall DBP formation did not correlate with decreases in calculated cytotoxicity. In three of the six filters, calculated toxicity increased by 4-27%. These results highlight that DBP concentration alone may not always provide an adequate basis for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Cuthbertson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Susana Y Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hannah K Liberatore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | - R Scott Summers
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Eric R Dickenson
- Water Quality Research and Development Division, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Henderson, NV, 89015, USA
| | - J Clark Maness
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Caitlin Glover
- Water Quality Research and Development Division, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Henderson, NV, 89015, USA
| | | | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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23
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Zhao X, Liu B, Wang X, Chen C, Ren N, Xing D. Single molecule sequencing reveals response of manganese-oxidizing microbiome to different biofilter media in drinking water systems. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115424. [PMID: 31887545 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid sand biofiltration (RSBF) is widely used for the removal of contaminants from drinking water treatment systems. Biofilm microbiomes in the biofilter media play essential roles in biotransformation of contaminants, but is not comprehensively understood. This study reports on Mn(II) oxidation and the core microbiomes in magnetite sand RSBF (MagS-RSBF) and manganese sand RSBF (MnS-RSBF). MnS-RSBF showed a relatively higher Mn(II) removal rate (40-91.2%) than MagS-RSBF during the start-up. MagS-RSBF and MnS-RSBF had similar Mn(II) removal rates (94.13% and 99.16%) over stable operation for 80 days. Mn(II) removal rates at different depths in the MnS-RSBF reactor significantly changed with operation time, and the filter in the upper layer of MnS-RSBF made the largest contribution to Mn(II) oxidation once operation had stabilized. PacBio single molecule sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA gene indicated that biofilter medium had a significant impact on the core microbiomes of the biofilms from the two biofilters. The magnetite sand biofilter facilitated the enrichment of Mn(II)-oxidizing biofilms. The dominant populations consisted of Pedomicrobium, Pseudomonas, and Hyphomicrobium in the RSBF, which have been affiliated with putative manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB). The relative abundance of Pedomicrobium manganicum increased with operation time in both RSBF reactors. In addition, Nordella oligomobilis and Derxia gummosa were statistically correlated with Mn(II) oxidation. Species-species co-occurrence networks indicated that the microbiome of MnS-RSBF had more complex correlations than that of MagS-RSBF, implying that biofilter medium substantially shaped the microbial community in the RSBF. Hyphomicrobium and nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira moscoviensis were positively correlated. The core microbiomes' composition of both RSBF reactors converged over operation time. A hybrid biofilter medium with magnetite sand and manganese sand may therefore be best in rapid sand filtration for Mn(II) oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Zheng Q, Rood SL, Unruh DK, Hutchins KM. Unique supramolecular complex of diclofenac: structural robustness, crystal-to-crystal solvent exchange, and mechanochemical synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7639-7642. [PMID: 31198914 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03946e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe an unexpected, cyclic supramolecular complex that results from self-assembly of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac and 4,4'-azopyridine. The cycles self-assemble into 1D columns occupied by solvent, which can be removed at elevated temperatures (>100 °C) while retaining crystallinity. The complex exhibits solvent exchange ability that occurs through crystal-to-crystal transformations. Finally, the complex can be synthesized using mechanochemistry. Materials exhibiting the structural framework and robustness described here could be applied to removal of hazardous materials or undesirable solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, 1204 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
| | - Samantha L Rood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, 1204 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, 1204 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
| | - Kristin M Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, 1204 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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25
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Kirisits MJ, Emelko MB, Pinto AJ. Applying biotechnology for drinking water biofiltration: advancing science and practice. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 57:197-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Shu J, Wu H, Chen M, Peng H, Li B, Liu R, Liu Z, Wang B, Huang T, Hu Z. Fractional removal of manganese and ammonia nitrogen from electrolytic metal manganese residue leachate using carbonate and struvite precipitation. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 153:229-238. [PMID: 30731338 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A comparative investigation of hydroxide precipitation, sulfide precipitation, carbonate precipitation and the struvite formation process for removing manganese and ammonia nitrogen from electrolytic metal manganese residue leachate (EMMRL) was investigated. Chemical equilibrium model-Visual MINTEQ was applied to simulate the chemical reactions and optimize chemical dosages in manganese and ammonia nitrogen removal. Phase transition, morphology, and valence state of the precipitates were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicated that carbonate precipitation prior to the other two methods for removal of manganese and ammonia nitrogen. The removal efficiency of manganese was 99.9%, when molar ratio of C to Mn was 1.1:1 at pH 9.5, and manganese was removed in the form of MnCO3. When molar ratio of P to N was 1.1:1 at pH 9.5, the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was 97.4%, and ammonia nitrogen was removed in the form of struvite. Economic evaluation reveals that the treatment cost was 9.316 $ m-3 when carbonate and phosphate was used to remove manganese and ammonia nitrogen from EMMRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Haiping Wu
- Sichuan Jiuzhou Technician College, Ninesheng Road, Mianyang, 621099, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Hao Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Renlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Zhibo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
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27
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de Vera GA, Lauderdale C, Alito CL, Hooper J, Wert EC. Using upstream oxidants to minimize surface biofouling and improve hydraulic performance in GAC biofilters. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 148:526-534. [PMID: 30414536 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The combination of biological growth and particle loading can adversely affect hydraulic performance in drinking water biofilters. In this study, upstream oxidant addition was used to distribute biologically-derived filter clogging in granular activated carbon (GAC) biofilters. Oxidant penetration was assessed during pilot-scale operation and backwashing of dual media (GAC/sand) and multimedia (GAC/anthracite/sand) biofilters. Influent chlorine (HOCl), monochloramine (NH2Cl), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) residuals were optimized to react with the GAC surface in the upper portion of the filter media bed (depth < 0.5 m) to attenuate biomass development. As the oxidant residual was quenched by surface-mediated reaction with the filter media, biomass growth was promoted deeper in the filter bed (depth > 0.5 m). The oxidant-induced effects on biomass and hydraulic performance were monitored through measurements of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and head loss accumulation at different media depths. Addition of oxidants (e.g., 0.6 mg Cl2/L HOCl) could decrease terminal head loss by 20% in dual media filters and 40% in multimedia filters. These hydraulic benefits were achieved without significantly affecting removal of assimilable organic carbon (AOC), total organic carbon (TOC), turbidity, and particle counts. Oxidant type, residual concentration, media type, media age, and media depth influenced the passage of oxidant residuals and distribution of filter biomass. When oxidants were added during backwashing, oxidant residual was quenched through the bed depth from a combination of reactions with GAC media and biofilm degradation. This attenuation of residual oxidant may prevent the oxidant residual from penetrating the entire bed depth, potentially compromising backwashing objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Andrew de Vera
- Applied Research and Development Center, Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV, 89193, USA
| | - Chance Lauderdale
- HDR Engineering Inc., 5426 Bay Center Drive, Suite 400, Tampa, FL, 33609-3444, USA
| | - Christina L Alito
- HDR Engineering Inc., 2650 Park Tower Drive, Suite 400, Vienna, VA, 22180, USA
| | - Jennifer Hooper
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way 100, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Eric C Wert
- Applied Research and Development Center, Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV, 89193, USA.
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28
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Zheng Q, Rood SL, Unruh DK, Hutchins KM. Co-crystallization of anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical contaminants and rare carboxylic acid–pyridine supramolecular synthon breakdown. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01492b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Co-crystallization of the pharmaceutical contaminants mefenamic acid and naproxen is reported; one co-crystal exhibits a rare carboxylic acid–pyridine synthon breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Samantha L. Rood
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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