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Li K, Wang J, Fang L, Lou Y, Li J, Li Q, Luo Q, Zheng X, Fang J. Chronic inhalation of H 2S in low concentration induces immunotoxicity and inflammatory effects in lung tissue of rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116279. [PMID: 38581906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a typical odour compound mainly causing respiratory and central nervous system symptoms. However, the immunotoxicity of inhaled H2S and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, a low-dose inhalation exposure to H2S was arranged to observe inflammatory response and immunotoxicity in lung tissue of rats. Low concentrations of H2S exposure affected the immune level of pulmonary tissue and peripheral blood. Significant pathological changes in lung tissue in the exposure group were observed. At low concentration, H2S not only induced the upregulation of AQP-4 and MMP-9 expression but also stimulated immune responses, initiating various anti-inflammatory and inflammatory factors, altering tissue homeostatic environments. The TNF and chemokine signaling pathway played an important role which can promote the deterioration of pulmonary inflammatory processes and lead to lung injury and fibrosis. Excessive immune response causes an inflammatory effect and blood-gas barrier damage. These data will be of value in evaluating future occupational health risks and providing technical support for the further development of reliable, sensitive, and easy-to-use screening indicators of exposure injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexian Li
- Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shanghai Radio Equipment Research Institute, Shanghai 201109, China; Shanghai Shentian Industrial Co., Ltd. Shanghai, 200090
| | - Liben Fang
- Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yinghua Lou
- Hubei Zhijiang People's Hospital, Hubei 443200, China
| | - Jue Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qihui Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qun Luo
- Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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2
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Fang L, Wang X, Zhang M, Khan P, Tamm M, Roth M. MicroRNA-101-3p Suppresses mTOR and Causes Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Cell Degeneration in COPD. Can Respir J 2022; 2022:5933324. [PMID: 36518817 PMCID: PMC9744603 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5933324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke is assumed to cause the loss of airway wall structure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by reducing airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) function. It also modifies mTOR activity, microRNA (miR)-101-3p expression, and mitochondria function. Here, the link between miR-101-3p and mTOR-regulated mitochondria integrity and ASMC deterioration was assessed. METHODS Disease-specific miR-101-3p expression was determined by RT-PCR in primary ASMC (non-COPD smokers: n = 6; COPD: n = 8; healthy: n = 6). The regulatory effect of miR-101-3p modification on mTOR expression, mitochondrial fragmentation, and remodeling properties (α-SMA, fibronectin, MTCO2, and p70S6 kinase) was assessed in ASMC (healthy nonsmokers: n = 3; COPD: n = 3) by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. MiR-101-3p was modified by specific mimics or inhibitors, in ASMC stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) or cigarette smoke extract (CSE). RESULTS MiR-101-3p expression was significantly higher in ASMC of COPD patients, compared to ASMC of healthy or active smokers. MiR-101-3p expression was increased by TNF-α or CSE. TNF-α or miR-101-3p deteriorated ASMC and mitochondria, while decreasing mTOR signaling, α-SMA, fibronectin, and MTCO2. MiR-101-3p inhibition reduced ASMC deterioration and mitochondrial fragmentation. CONCLUSION Constitutive high miR-101-3p expression characterizes COPD-ASMC, causing increased mitochondrial fragmentation and ASMC deterioration. Thus, reactivation mTOR or blocking miR-101-3p presents a potential new strategy for COPD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xinggang Wang
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Petra Khan
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Camarinho R, Pardo AM, Garcia PV, Rodrigues AS. Epithelial morphometric alterations and mucosecretory responses in the nasal cavity of mice chronically exposed to hydrothermal emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2783-2797. [PMID: 34448062 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants (either of natural or anthropogenic origin) represent a considerable environmental risk to human health by affecting the respiratory system and causing respiratory disorders. In this study, we investigate the effects of chronic exposure to hydrothermal emissions on the nasal cavity of mice since it is the first and the most exposed region of the respiratory system. This study, carried in S. Miguel Island, Azores-Portugal, used Mus musculus as a bioindicator species. Mice were captured in an area with non-eruptive active volcanism (Furnas Village) and another area without volcanism (Rabo de Peixe, reference site). The hydrothermal emissions present at Furnas Village are characterized by the continuous release of several gases (CO2, H2S, 222Rn) along with metals (e.g. Hg, Cd, Zn, Al) and particulate matter into the environment. We test the hypothesis whether chronic exposure to this specific type of pollution causes epithelial morphometric, mucosecretory and neuronal alterations on the nasal cavity. Thickness measurements were taken in the squamous, respiratory and olfactory epithelia. The relative density of cell types (basal, support and neurons) was also assessed in the olfactory epithelium and the mucosecretory activity was determined in the lateral nasal glands, Bowman's gland and goblet cells. Mice chronically exposed to hydrothermal emissions presented thinner olfactory epithelia and lesser mucous production, which could result in loss of olfactory capabilities as well as a decrease in the protective function provided by the mucous to the lower respiratory tract. For the first time, it is demonstrated that, in mice, this specific type of non-eruptive active volcanism causes epithelial and mucosecretory alterations, leading to the loss of olfactory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Camarinho
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- IVAR Instituto de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - A Madrero Pardo
- Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P V Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- cE3c, Centre for ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - A S Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
- IVAR Instituto de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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4
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Camarinho R, Navarro-Sempere A, Garcia PV, García M, Segovia Y, Rodrigues AS. Chronic exposure to volcanic gaseous elemental mercury: using wild Mus musculus to unveil its uptake and fate. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4863-4867. [PMID: 33860889 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volcanoes are a natural source of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) (Hg0). Monitoring GEM releases of volcanic origin has been widely studied; however, few studies have been performed about the biomonitoring of species exposed to GEM, rendering an unknown risk to the worldwide populations living in the vicinity of an active volcano. In this pilot study, we used Mus musculus as a bioindicator species to understand to what extent lungs are the main route of mercury uptake in populations chronically exposed to active volcanic environments. Autometallographic silver protocol was used to detect mercury deposits in the histological lung slides. Abundant mercury deposits were found in the lungs of specimens captured at the site with volcanic activity (Furnas Village, S. Miguel Island-Azores). The presence of mercury in the lungs could represent not only hazardous effects to the lung itself but also to other tissues and organs, such as brain and kidneys. This study confirms that the main uptake route for GEM is the lungs and that, even at very low concentrations in the environment, a chronic exposure to Hg0 results in its bioaccumulation in the lung tissue. These results reinforce that biomonitoring studies should be combined with monitoring classical approaches in order to better characterize the risks of exposure to Hg0 in volcanic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Camarinho
- Faculdade de Ciências E Tecnologia, Universidade Dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
- University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - A Navarro-Sempere
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, Apart 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - P V Garcia
- Faculdade de Ciências E Tecnologia, Universidade Dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - M García
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, Apart 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Y Segovia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, Apart 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - A S Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências E Tecnologia, Universidade Dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.
- University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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The Health Hazards of Volcanoes: First Evidence of Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus of Mice Exposed to Active Volcanic Surroundings. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5891095. [PMID: 34671225 PMCID: PMC8523235 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5891095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a process related to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases; one of the hallmarks of this process is microglial reactivation and the secretion by these cells of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα. Numerous studies report the relationship between neuroinflammatory processes and exposure to anthropogenic air pollutants, but few refer to natural pollutants. Volcanoes are highly inhabited natural sources of environmental pollution that induce changes in the nervous system, such as reactive astrogliosis or the blood-brain barrier breakdown in exposed individuals; however, no neuroinflammatory event has been yet defined. To this purpose, we studied resting microglia, reactive microglia, and TNFα production in the brains of mice chronically exposed to an active volcanic environment on the island of São Miguel (Azores, Portugal). For the first time, we demonstrate a proliferation of microglial cells and an increase in reactive microglia, as well an increase in TNFα secretion, in the central nervous system of individuals exposed to volcanogenic pollutants.
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Lecordier S, Manrique-Castano D, El Moghrabi Y, ElAli A. Neurovascular Alterations in Vascular Dementia: Emphasis on Risk Factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:727590. [PMID: 34566627 PMCID: PMC8461067 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.727590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) constitutes the second most prevalent cause of dementia in the world after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). VaD regroups heterogeneous neurological conditions in which the decline of cognitive functions, including executive functions, is associated with structural and functional alterations in the cerebral vasculature. Among these cerebrovascular disorders, major stroke, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) constitute the major risk factors for VaD. These conditions alter neurovascular functions leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) deregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and inflammation. Accumulation of neurovascular impairments over time underlies the cognitive function decline associated with VaD. Furthermore, several vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes have been shown to exacerbate neurovascular impairments and thus increase VaD prevalence. Importantly, air pollution constitutes an underestimated risk factor that triggers vascular dysfunction via inflammation and oxidative stress. The review summarizes the current knowledge related to the pathological mechanisms linking neurovascular impairments associated with stroke, cSVD, and vascular risk factors with a particular emphasis on air pollution, to VaD etiology and progression. Furthermore, the review discusses the major challenges to fully elucidate the pathobiology of VaD, as well as research directions to outline new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Manrique-Castano
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yara El Moghrabi
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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Ye Y, Zhou Y, Jing Z, Xu Y, Yin D. Electrospun heparin-loaded nano-fiber sutures for the amelioration of achilles tendon rupture regeneration: in vivo evaluation. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4154-4168. [PMID: 33982044 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Peritendinous blood circulation improvement is a challenge to promote the healing of ruptured tendons in clinical treatment. Although electrospun membranes or scaffolds enable the reduction of complications such as adhesion, however, low efficiency, toxicity issues, the loss of biological activity, and complex electrospinning techniques are all bottlenecks of these systems. Improving the blood supply is crucial for their successful use, which involves promoting the metabolism and nutrient absorption in tendons. Here, a multifunctional, structurally simple strategy involving heparin-loaded sutures (PPH) that are clinically applicable is reported, in the form of electrospun core-shell nanofibers, with the ability to perform sustained release of anticoagulants heparin (verified in our previous publication) for the improvement of the healing of Achilles tendon. The morphology and diameter distribution of the collagen fiber in the PPH group are closely related to the health of the Achilles tendon than those of commercial sutures (CS). The in vivo results of the total collagen content and the expression of collagen type I in the PPH group are more than those of the CS group. After 6 weeks of culture, the tensile strength of the PPH group shows no significant difference compared to the healthy group. The data obtained in this study improves the current understanding on the regeneration of ruptured tendons and presents a promising strategy for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Ye
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yaqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Zhuoyuan Jing
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yifan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Dachuan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Camarinho R, Garcia PV, Choi H, Rodrigues AS. Pulmonary oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice chronically exposed to hydrothermal volcanic emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35709-35716. [PMID: 33675493 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that exposure to hydrothermal emissions has a negative impact on the respiratory system. Still, volcanogenic air pollution studies are still outnumbered when compared to anthropogenic studies which can result in an unknown risk to the human populations living near volcanically active areas. This study was carried out in São Miguel Island, with noneruptive volcanically active environments, such as the Furnas volcano caldera. Its noneruptive volcanism presents itself as hydrothermal emissions, mainly by the release of nearly 1000 T d-1 of CO2 along with H2S, and the radioactive gas radon; metals [e.g., mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)] and particulate matter are also released in a daily basis. We test the hypothesis whether chronic exposure to hydrothermal emissions causes pulmonary oxidative stress, using Mus musculus as a surrogate species. Mus musculus was live-captured in two villages with hydrothermal emissions and one village without any type of volcanic activity. The level of pulmonary oxidative stress was immunohistochemically assessed by using an OxyIHCTM Oxidative stress detection kit, and the detection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) was used to evaluate apoptosis in lung tissues. Mice chronically exposed to hydrothermal emissions presented increased levels of oxidative stress and amount of apoptotic cells. We demonstrate, for the first time, the high oxidative stress potential in the lungs of mice chronically exposed to hydrothermal emissions. This study highlights the usefulness of M. musculus as a bioindicator species and enforces the necessity of regularly biomonitor the inhabitants of hydrothermal areas to prevent respiratory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Camarinho
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.
- IVAR - Instituto de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Ventura Garcia
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
- CE3C - cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Hyunok Choi
- College of Health, Lehigh University, STEPS Building, Room 264, 1 West Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA, 18015-3001, USA
| | - Armindo Santos Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
- IVAR - Instituto de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Williams AD, Ha S, Shenassa E, Messer LC, Kanner J, Mendola P. Joint effects of ethnic enclave residence and ambient volatile organic compounds exposure on risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among Asian/Pacific Islander women in the United States. Environ Health 2021; 20:56. [PMID: 33964949 PMCID: PMC8106843 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian/Pacific Islander (API) communities in the United States often reside in metropolitan areas with distinct social and environmental attributes. Residence in an ethnic enclave, a socially distinct area, is associated with lower gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, yet exposure to high levels of air pollution, including volatile organic compounds (VOCS), is associated with increased GDM risk. We examined the joint effects of ethnic enclaves and VOCs to better understand GDM risk among API women, the group with the highest prevalence of GDM. METHODS We examined 9069 API births in the Consortium on Safe Labor (19 hospitals, 2002-2008). API ethnic enclaves were defined as areas ≥66th percentile for percent API residents, dissimilarity (geographic dispersal of API and White residents), and isolation (degree that API individuals interact with another API individual). High levels of 14 volatile organic compounds (VOC) were defined as ≥75th percentile. Four joint categories were created for each VOC: Low VOC/Enclave (reference group), Low VOC/No Enclave, High VOC/Enclave, High VOC/No Enclave. GDM was reported in medical records. Hierarchical logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between joint exposures and GDM, adjusted for maternal factors and area-level poverty. Risk was estimated for 3-months preconception and first trimester exposures. RESULTS Enclave residence was associated with lower GDM risk regardless of VOC exposure. Preconception benzene exposure was associated with increased risk when women resided outside enclaves [High VOC/No Enclave (OR:3.45, 95%CI:1.77,6.72)], and the effect was somewhat mitigated within enclaves, [High VOC/Enclave (OR:2.07, 95%:1.09,3.94)]. Risks were similar for 12 of 14 VOCs during preconception and 10 of 14 during the first trimester. CONCLUSIONS API residence in non-enclave areas is associated with higher GDM risk, regardless of VOC level. Ethnic enclave residence may mitigate effects of VOC exposure, perhaps due to lower stress levels. The potential benefit of ethnic enclaves warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Williams
- Public Health program, Department of Population Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Room E162, 1301 North Columbia Road Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037 USA
| | - Sandie Ha
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, Health Science Research Institute, University of California, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA USA
| | - Edmond Shenassa
- Maternal and Child Health Program, Department of Family Science, University of Maryland College Park, 4200 Valley Drive, College Park, MD USA
| | - Lynne C. Messer
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland State University, 506 SW Mill Street 470H, Portland, OR USA
| | - Jenna Kanner
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, MSC, Bethesda, MD 7004 USA
| | - Pauline Mendola
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, MSC, Bethesda, MD 7004 USA
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10
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Navarro A, García M, Rodrigues AS, Garcia PV, Camarinho R, Segovia Y. Reactive astrogliosis in the dentate gyrus of mice exposed to active volcanic environments. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:213-226. [PMID: 33283687 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1850381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been associated with neuroinflammatory processes and is considered a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Volcanic environments are considered a natural source of air pollution. However, the effects of natural source air pollution on the central nervous system (CNS) have not been reported, despite the fact that up to 10% of the world's population lives near a historically active volcano. In order to assess the response of the CNS to such exposure, our study was conducted in the island of Sao Miguel (Azores, Portugal) in two different areas: Furnas, which is volcanically active one, and compared to Rabo de Peixe, a reference site without manifestations of active volcanism using Mus musculus as a bioindicator species. To evaluate the state of the astroglial population in the dentate gyrus in both samples, the number of astrocytes was determined using immunofluorescence methods (anti-GFAP and anti-GS). In addition, the astrocytic branches in that hippocampal area were examined. Our results showed an increase in GFAP+ astrocytes and a reduction in GS+ astrocytes in Furnas-exposed mice compared to animals from Rabo de Peixe. In addition, astrocytes in the dentate gyrus of chronically exposed animals exhibited longer branches compared to those residing at the reference site. Thus, reactive astrogliosis and astrocyte dysfunction are found in mice living in an active volcanic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Navarro
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante , Alicante, Spain
| | - M García
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante , Alicante, Spain
| | - A S Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores , Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores , Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - P V Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores , Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores , Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - R Camarinho
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores , Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores , Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Y Segovia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante , Alicante, Spain
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11
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Camarinho R, Garcia PV, Choi H, Rodrigues AS. Chronic exposure to non-eruptive volcanic activity as cause of bronchiolar histomorphological alteration and inflammation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:864-871. [PMID: 31349195 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that 10% of the worldwide population lives in the vicinity of an active volcano. However, volcanogenic air pollution studies are still outnumbered when compared with anthropogenic air pollution studies, representing an unknown risk to human populations inhabiting volcanic areas worldwide. This study was carried out in the Azorean archipelago of Portugal, in areas with active non-eruptive volcanism. The hydrothermal emissions within the volcanic complex of Furnas (São Miguel Island) are responsible for the emission of nearly 1000 tons of CO2 per day, along with H2S, the radioactive gas - radon, among others. Besides the gaseous emissions, metals (e.g., Hg, Cd, Al, Ni) and particulate matter are also released into the environment. We test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to volcanogenic air pollution alters the histomorphology of the bronchioles and terminal bronchioles, using the house mouse, Mus musculus, as bioindicator species. Mus musculus were live-captured at three different locations: two villages with active volcanism and a village without any type of volcanic activity (reference site). The histomorphology of the bronchioles (diameter, epithelium thickness, smooth muscle layer thickness, submucosa thickness and the histological evaluation of the peribronchiolar inflammation) and of the terminal bronchioles (epithelium thickness and classification) were evaluated. Mice chronically exposed to volcanogenic air pollution presented bronchioles with increased epithelial thickness, increased smooth muscle layer, increased submucosa thickness and increased peribronchiolar inflammation. Similarly, terminal bronchioles presented structural alterations consistent with bronchodysplasia. For the first time we demonstrate that chronic exposure to non-eruptive volcanically active environments causes inflammation and histomorphological alterations in mice lower airways consistent with asthma and chronic bronchitis. These results reveal that chronic exposure to non-eruptive volcanic activity represents a risk factor that can affect the health of the respiratory system of humans inhabiting hydrothermal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Camarinho
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR - Instituto de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - P V Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; CE3C - cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - H Choi
- University of Albany, Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, One University Place, Rm 153, Rensselaer, NY 12144-3456, USA.
| | - A S Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR - Instituto de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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