1
|
Jachimowicz P, Peng R, Hüffer T, Hofmann T, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A. Tire materials disturb transformations of nitrogen compounds and affect the structure of biomass in aerobic granular sludge reactors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133223. [PMID: 38113742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Tire materials (TMs) present a notable hazard due to their potential to release harmful chemicals and microplastics into the environment. They can infiltrate wastewater treatment plants, where their effects remain inadequately understood, raising concerns regarding their influence on treatment procedures. Thus, this study investigated the impact of TMs in wastewater (10, 25, 50 mg/L) on wastewater treatment efficiency, biomass morphology, and microbial composition in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactors. TM dosage negatively correlated with nitrification and denitrification efficiencies, reducing overall nitrogen removal, but did not affect the efficiency of chemical-oxygen-demand removal. The presence of TMs increased the diameter of the granules due to TM incorporation into the biomass. The most frequently leached additives from TMs were N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, benzothiazole (BTH), and 2-hydroxybenzothiazole. In the treated wastewater, only BTH and aniline were detected in higher concentrations, which indicates that tire additives were biodegraded by AGS. The microbial community within the AGS adapted to TMs and their chemicals, highlighting the potential for efficient degradation of tire additives by bacteria belonging to the genera Rubrivivax, Ferruginibacter, and Xanthomonas. Additionally, our research underscores AGS's ability to incorporate TMs into biomass and effectively biodegrade tire additives, offering a promising solution for addressing environmental concerns related to TMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jachimowicz
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ruoting Peng
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thorsten Hüffer
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Struk-Sokołowska J, Faszczewska A, Kotowska U, Mielcarek A. Comparison of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVs) removal from wastewater after subsequent stages of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatment process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169813. [PMID: 38184258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The research focused on benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVs) which are commonly used compounds despite being found dangerous, e.g. promoting breast cancer cell proliferation, damaging vital organs such as hearts, brains livers and kidneys. The aim of the study was to analyse the efficiency and removal rate of BUVs from wastewater depending on the quantity of tested compounds and SBR anaerobic-aerobic conditions. The study was conducted in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs - 17 L) with real flocculent activated sludge (8 L) and model wastewater (5 L) containing UV-326, UV-327, UV-328, UV-329 and UV-P from 50 to 600 μg∙L-1. The SBR were operated in 390 cycles of 7 h and 10 min over 130 days. The similarity of the technological parameters of the treatment process to those used in a real wastewater treatment plant was maintained. Efficiency removal of individual BUVs was strictly dependent on the dose of compounds introduced into wastewater and ranged from 68.2 to 97 %. Removal of UV-329 occurred with lowest efficiency (from 68.2 to 85.2 %) while UV-326 was most efficiently removed from the wastewater (from 94.1 to 97 %). UV-329 was removed from wastewater with the lowest (0.0968-0.9524 μg∙L-1∙min-1) average removal rate while UV-327 with the highest (0.16-1.3357 μg∙L-1∙min-1), irrespective of BUVs dose in the influent. Secondary release of BUVs into the wastewater occurred in SBR during the settling phase and was dependent on the type and concentration of the BUVs in the raw wastewater. This occurrence was noted for UV-326 ≥ 100; UV-327 = 600; UV-328 ≥ 200; UV-329 ≥ 50 and UV-P ≥ 100 μg∙L-1. The settling phase needs to be shortened to the required minimum. This is an important conclusion for WWTPs in regards to SBR cycle duration and technological parameters of the treatment process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Struk-Sokołowska
- Białystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Alicja Faszczewska
- Białystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Kotowska
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Chemistry, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Artur Mielcarek
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, Warszawska 117a, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
H R Branco R, Meulepas RJW, van Veelen HPJ, Rijnaarts HHM, Sutton NB. Influence of redox condition and inoculum on micropollutant biodegradation by soil and activated sludge communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165233. [PMID: 37394071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutant biodegradation is selected by the interplay among environmental conditions and microbial community composition. This study investigated how different electron acceptors, and different inocula with varying microbial diversity, pre-exposed to distinct redox conditions and micropollutants, affect micropollutant biodegradation. Four tested inocula comprised of agricultural soil (Soil), sediment from a ditch in an agricultural field (Ditch), activated sludge from a municipal WWTP (Mun AS), and activated sludge from an industrial WWTP (Ind AS). Removal of 16 micropollutants was investigated for each inoculum under aerobic, nitrate reducing, iron reducing, sulfate reducing, and methanogenic conditions. Micropollutant biodegradation was highest under aerobic conditions with removal of 12 micropollutants. Most micropollutants were biodegraded by Soil (n = 11) and Mun AS inocula (n = 10). A positive correlation was observed between inoculum community richness and the number of different micropollutants a microbial community initially degraded. The redox conditions to which a microbial community had been exposed appeared to positively affect micropollutant biodegradation performance more than pre-exposure to micropollutants. Additionally, depletion of the organic carbon present in the inocula resulted in lower micropollutant biodegradation and overall microbial activities, suggesting that i) an additional carbon source is needed to promote micropollutant biodegradation; and ii) overall microbial activity can be a good indirect indicator for micropollutant biodegradation activity. These results could help to develop novel micropollutant removal strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita H R Branco
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Roel J W Meulepas
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - H Pieter J van Veelen
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Huub H M Rijnaarts
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nora B Sutton
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shaik S, Reddy Sirigireddy RM, Godugu K, Vemula V, Kakarla RR, Balaraman E, Nallagondu CGR, Aminabhavi TM. SiO 2-supported HClO 4 catalyzed synthesis of (Z)-thiazolylhydrazonoindolin-2-ones and their electrochemical properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136667. [PMID: 36202369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an environmentally benign silica-supported perchloric acid (HClO4-SiO2) catalyzed green FCDR strategy has been developed for the synthesis of (Z)-THIs (6) with high stereospecificity via an intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) directed approach, involving the reaction of methyl ketones (1), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (2), isatins (4) and thiosemicarbazide (5) in ethanol at reflux temperature for 45-60 min in one-pot. The reaction proceeds through the construction of C-Br (α-bromination), C-S & C-N (heterocyclization), and CN (condensation) bonds in one pot. The absolute structure of the compound (Z)-3-(2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)indolin-2-one (6e) has been confirmed by single-crystal XRD analysis. Further, the role of IHB on Z-configuration of the synthesized (Z)-THIs is proved by single-crystal XRD and 1H NMR studies. Wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, scalability, improved safety since the method circumvents the use of highly lachrymatric α-bromoketones as starting materials, high product yields (up to 98%), short reaction times, reusable solid Brønsted acid catalyst (HClO4-SiO2), and products that do not require column chromatography purification are all attractive features of this FCDR strategy. Electrochemical properties of THIs (6) are examined by cyclic voltammetry. The HOMO and LUMO energy level of THIs, 6a, 6c, 6d, 6j, 6o-6v, 6y, and 6aa are comparable with the reported ambipolar materials, and the HOMO levels of other THIs, 6b, 6e-6i, 6n, 6w, 6x, 6z and 6 ab-6ae are similar with the most commonly used hole transporting materials (HTMs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Shaik
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rama Mohana Reddy Sirigireddy
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kumar Godugu
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Venkatramu Vemula
- Department of Physics, Krishna University Dr. M. R. Appa Row College of PG Studies, Nuzvid, 521 201, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chinna Gangi Reddy Nallagondu
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Polińska W, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A, Karpińska J, Struk-Sokołowska J, Kotowska U. Mechanisms, toxicity and optimal conditions - research on the removal of benzotriazoles from water using Wolffia arrhiza. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157571. [PMID: 35882328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the presented work, phytoremediation with the use of floating plant Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm. was proposed as a method of removing the selected benzotriazoles (BTRs): 1H-benzotriazole (1H-BTR), 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (4M-BTR), 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5M-BTR) and 5-chlorobenzotriazole (5Cl-BTR) from water. The efficiency of phytoremediation depends on three factors: daily time of exposure to light, pH of the model solution, and the amount of plans. Using a design of experiment (DoE) methods the following optimal values were selected: plant amount 1.8 g, light exposure 13 h and pH 7 per 100 mL of the model solution. It was found that the loss of BTRs in optimal conditions ranged from 92 to 100 % except for 4M-BTR, for which only 23 % of removal was achieved after 14 days of cultivation of W. arrhiza. The half-life values for studied compounds ranged from 0.98 days for 5Cl-BTR to 36.19 for 4M-BTR. The observed rapid vanishing of 5M-BTR is supposed by the simultaneous transformation of 5M-BTR into 4M-BTR. The detailed study of BTRs degradation pointed that the plant uptake is mainly responsible for the benzotriazoles concentration decrease. Toxicity tests showed that the tested organic compounds induce oxidative stress in W. arrhiza, which manifested among others, in reduced levels of chlorophyll in cultures with benzotriazoles compared to control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Polińska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K Str., 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Karpińska
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K Str., 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Struk-Sokołowska
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Urszula Kotowska
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K Str., 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu W, Zhang L, Tian Y, Zhu X, Han X, Miao L, Yan W. Occurrence and distribution of organic corrosion inhibitors (OCIs) in riverine sediments from the Pearl River Delta, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76961-76969. [PMID: 35670946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although soluble organic corrosion inhibitors (OCIs) have been observed globally in surface water, data on their exposures in sediments are still scarce. In this study, a comprehensive investigation on spatial variations and potential sources of OCIs were conducted in riverine sediments from the Pearl River Delta (PRD), one of the most developed and urbanized areas in China. Of 12 OCIs, 7 were detected with the total concentrations ranging from 81.8 to 401.2 ng/g. When the results were compared with those of the water phase, OCIs in the riverine sediments exhibited relatively low concentrations, which was likely due to their low Kow, and they were not expected to be adsorbed onto sediments. The spatial variation of OCIs suggested that the discharge of sewage treatment plants (STPs) effluent could be a major source of OCIs in the PRD region. The total concentrations of OCIs had a significant positive correlation with total organic carbon (TOC) contents, suggesting that they have similar sources. This study strongly indicated that the high consumption of OCIs have led to their wide exposure in different environments in the PRD region and additional ecotoxicological data are needed to evaluate their potential risks in riverine sediments in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Xu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhang Tian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Xue Han
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Miao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Wen Yan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Struk-Sokołowska J, Gwoździej-Mazur J, Jurczyk Ł, Jadwiszczak P, Kotowska U, Piekutin J, Canales FA, Kaźmierczak B. Environmental risk assessment of low molecule benzotriazoles in urban road rainwaters in Poland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156246. [PMID: 35644405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and quantify benzotriazoles (BTRs) emissions from road traffic and paved areas in an urban environment. Heterocyclic organic compounds BTRs are an emerging threat, under-recognized and under-analyzed in most environmental and water legislation. They are hazardous, potentially mutagenic, and carcinogenic micropollutants, not susceptible to effective biodegradation, and they move easily through the trophic chain, contaminating the environment and water resources. Traffic activities are a common source of BTR emissions in the urban environment, directly polluting human habitats through the different routes and numerous vehicles circulating in the cities. Using twelve heterogeneous locations scattered over a metropolitan area in Poland as a case study, this research analyzed the presence of BTRs in water samples from runoff produced from rainwater and snowmelt. 1H-BTR, 4Me-BTR, 5Me-BTR and 5Cl-BTR were detected in the tested runoff water. 5Cl-BTR was present in all samples and in the highest concentrations reaching 47,000 ng/L. Risk quotients calculated on the basis of the determined concentrations indicate that the highest environmental risk is associated with the presence of 5Cl-BTR and the sum of 4Me-BTR and 5Me-BTR, and the most sensitive organisms are bacteria and invertebrates. The results indicate that it is possible to associate the occurrence of these contaminants with the type of cover, traffic intensity, and vehicle type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Struk-Sokołowska
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Gwoździej-Mazur
- Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jurczyk
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Piotr Jadwiszczak
- Department of Air Conditioning, Heating, Gas Engineering and Air Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Kotowska
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Janina Piekutin
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Fausto A Canales
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Bartosz Kaźmierczak
- Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Franklin EB, Alves MR, Moore AN, Kilgour DB, Novak GA, Mayer K, Sauer JS, Weber RJ, Dang D, Winter M, Lee C, Cappa CD, Bertram TH, Prather KA, Grassian VH, Goldstein AH. Atmospheric Benzothiazoles in a Coastal Marine Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15705-15714. [PMID: 34787411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic emissions from coastal waters play an important but poorly understood role in atmospheric chemistry in coastal regions. A mesocosm experiment focusing on facilitated biological blooms in coastal seawater, SeaSCAPE (Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution), was performed to study emission of volatile gases, primary sea spray aerosol, and formation of secondary marine aerosol as a function of ocean biological and chemical processes. Here, we report observations of aerosol-phase benzothiazoles in a marine atmospheric context with complementary measurements of dissolved-phase benzothiazoles. Though previously reported dissolved in polluted coastal waters, we report the first direct evidence of the transfer of these molecules from seawater into the atmosphere. We also report the first gas-phase observations of benzothiazole in the environment absent a direct industrial, urban, or rubber-based source. From the identities and temporal dynamics of the dissolved and aerosol species, we conclude that the presence of benzothiazoles in the coastal water (and thereby their emissions into the atmosphere) is primarily attributable to anthropogenic sources. Oxidation experiments to explore the atmospheric fate of gas-phase benzothiazole show that it produces secondary aerosol and gas-phase SO2, making it a potential contributor to secondary marine aerosol formation in coastal regions and a participant in atmospheric sulfur chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Franklin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael R Alves
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexia N Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Delaney B Kilgour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gordon A Novak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kathryn Mayer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan S Sauer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Robert J Weber
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Duyen Dang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Margaux Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christopher Lee
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher D Cappa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Timothy H Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kimberly A Prather
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Trejo-Castillo R, El Kassis EG, Cuervo-López F, Texier AC. Cometabolic biotransformation of benzotriazole in nitrifying batch cultures. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129461. [PMID: 33412355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole (BT) is a corrosion inhibitor widely distributed in aquatic environments. Little is known about the cometabolic capacity of stabilized nitrifying sludge to biotransform BT. The contribution of the nitrification process in the simultaneous oxidation of ammonium and biotransformation of BT (5 mg/L) was evaluated in 49 d batch cultures inoculated with a sludge produced in steady-state nitrification. The nitrifying sludge could consume BT in the obligate presence of ammonium. A higher cometabolic biotransformation capacity was obtained by increasing the initial ammonium concentration (100-300 mg N/L), reaching 2.3- and 5.8-fold increases for efficiency and specific rate of BT removal. At 300 mg NH4+-N/L, the sludge biotransform 40.8% of BT and 77.6% of ammonium which was completely oxidized into nitrate. In assays with allylthiourea added as specific inhibitor of ammonium monooxygenase (AMO), it was shown that the totality of BT cometabolic biotransformation was associated with the AMO activity. The addition of acetate did not favor heterotrophic biotransformation of BT. BT provoked inhibitory effects on nitrification. This is the first study showing the role of ammonium oxidizing bacteria in the cometabolic biotransformation of BT and their potential use for cometabolism application in treatment of wastewater contaminated with ammonium and BT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Trejo-Castillo
- UAM-Iztapalapa, Departamento de Biotecnología, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P., 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elie Girgis El Kassis
- UPAEP, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, 11 Poniente 2316, Col. Barrio de Santiago, C.P., 72410, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Flor Cuervo-López
- UAM-Iztapalapa, Departamento de Biotecnología, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P., 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Anne-Claire Texier
- UAM-Iztapalapa, Departamento de Biotecnología, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P., 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu L, Dai J, Bi E. Roles of dissolved humic acid and tannic acid in sorption of benzotriazole to a sandy loam soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111088. [PMID: 32791356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sorption of organic pollutants, batch experiments on effects of two representatives of DOM (dissolved humic acid (HA) and tannic acid (TA)) on sorption of benzotriazole (BTA) to a sandy loam soil were conducted. Both HA and TA promoted BTA sorption to soil. Strong positive correlation between sorbed amount of BTA and DOM confirmed the contribution of cumulative sorption by HA or TA in enhancing BTA binding. TA promoted BTA sorption more obviously than HA by providing more sites. For HA with complex structure composed of heterogeneous fractions, its high molecular weight (>3200 Da) fraction could be preferentially sorbed by soil, and it can enhance BTA sorption more obviously than the low molecular weight fraction. The promoting effect of HA on BTA sorption decreased with pH increasing from 6.5 to 10.5 due to reduced sites and electrostatic repulsion between anionic BTA, HA and soil. Sorption of neutral BTA to soil affected by DOM could be well predicted by a modified Freundlich model with Kd (L kg-1) deviations less than 0.2 log unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; China Geological Survey (CGS) & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Groundwater Contamination and Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
| | - Jin'e Dai
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Erping Bi
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Dong J, Fu J, Xu X, Zhu L. Enhancement of PPCPs removal by shaped microbial community of aerobic granular sludge under condition of low C/N ratio influent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122583. [PMID: 32289623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in domestic wastewater has caused great concern. In this study, the removal of two typical pharmaceuticals (Roxithromycin, ROX; Sulfamethoxazole, SMZ) in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactors was investigated under condition of different C/N (carbon to nitrogen) ratios. Results showed that higher removal efficiencies of ROX and SMZ (95.2 % and 92.9 %) were achieved in the AGS reactor fed with low C/N influent. Batch experiments further revealed that the removal of ROX was influenced by the adsorption ability of the AGS while SMZ removal was mainly enhanced by biodegradation process. Analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) showed that the humic acid-like substances were enriched under low C/N condition, which was in accordance with dynamic change of microbial community. The microbes, like Thauera spp. and Xanthomonadaceae, were highly enriched in the reactor with high nitrogen loading rate and functioned as refractory organics degrader. Overall, the AGS process could achieve enhanced pharmaceuticals removal performance by the regulation of microbial community under low C/N influent, which provides insights into a feasible solution for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and trace organic pollutants in AGS reactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuodong Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiashen Fu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|