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Jang E, Choi S, Yoo E, Hyun S, An J. Impact of shipping emissions regulation on urban aerosol composition changes revealed by receptor and numerical modelling. NPJ Clim Atmos Sci 2023; 6:52. [PMID: 37274460 PMCID: PMC10226717 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-023-00364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Various shipping emissions controls have recently been implemented at both local and national scales. However, it is difficult to track the effect of these on PM2.5 levels, owing to the non-linear relationship that exists between changes in precursor emissions and PM components. Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) identifies that a switch to cleaner fuels since January 2020 results in considerable reductions in shipping-source-related PM2.5, especially sulphate aerosols and metals (V and Ni), not only at a port site but also at an urban background site. CMAQ sensitivity analysis reveals that the reduction of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) further extends to inland areas downwind from ports. In addition, mitigation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in coastal urban areas can be anticipated either from the results of receptor modelling or from CMAQ simulations. The results in this study show the possibility of obtaining human health benefits in coastal cities through shipping emission controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhwa Jang
- Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health and Environment, 120, Hambakbong-ro, 140beon-gil, Buk-gu, Busan, 46616 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Choi
- Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health and Environment, 120, Hambakbong-ro, 140beon-gil, Buk-gu, Busan, 46616 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunchul Yoo
- Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health and Environment, 120, Hambakbong-ro, 140beon-gil, Buk-gu, Busan, 46616 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Hyun
- Marine Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, 49111 Republic of Korea
| | - Joongeon An
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201 Republic of Korea
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López A, Coscollà C, Hernández CS, Pardo O, Yusà V. Dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in the ambient air of the Valencian Region (Spain): Levels, human exposure, and risk assessment. Chemosphere 2021; 267:128902. [PMID: 33189398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), as well as dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs), are listed as persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention. In this study, we measured their concentrations in the particulate phase (PM10) of the ambient air in seven monitoring stations of the Valencian Community (Spain). A total of 82 samples were collected from different sampling sites: four industrial, two urban, and one remote, from February to December 2019. The total concentrations of the sum of PCDD, PCDF, and dl-PCBs ranged from 2.90 fg TEQ/m3 to 317.98 fg TEQ/m3. Risk assessment for adults and children was performed using both daily and chronic exposure. Each station showed its specific dioxin profile, related to the main productive activities in each area. The daily inhalation dose (DID) in adults and children was lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 1-4 pg WHO TEQ kg-1 b.w. d-1 for dioxins. In the case of chronic exposure, the cancer risk for dioxins and dl-PCBs was estimated at values ranging from 5.27 E-07 to 5.52 E-05. The cancer risk for dioxins and PCBs estimated at the 95th percentile was higher than 1.0 E-06 in all of the industrial and urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina S Hernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21 Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
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Nadal M, Marquès M, Mari M, Rovira J, Domingo JL. Trends of Polychlorinated Compounds in the Surroundings of a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator in Mataró (Catalonia, Spain): Assessing Health Risks. Toxics 2020; 8:E111. [PMID: 33266363 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Since 2008, the environmental levels of polychlorinated compounds near a municipal solid waste incinerator in Mataró (Catalonia, Spain) have been periodically monitored. The present study aimed at updating the data regarding the temporal changes occurred between 2015 and 2017, when air and soil samples were collected again, and the concentrations of the same chemical pollutants (i.e., polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) were analysed. Furthermore, the health risks associated with their human exposure were also evaluated. The levels of all the contaminants in soil were far below the threshold established by regional and national legislations, also being lower than those observed in previous surveys. A similar trend was also noted for PCDD/Fs in air samples, while airborne PCBs were the only group of chemicals whose levels significantly increased. In any case, the global assessment of the data regarding the different pollutants and matrices indicates that there has not been a general increase in the environmental pollution around the facility. In addition, the environmental exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCBs by the population living nearby is still clearly lower than the dietary intake of these same chemical pollutants.
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Deng Y, Peng P, Jia L, Yin H, Hu J, Mao W. Atmospheric bulk deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the vicinity of MSWI in Shanghai, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 196:110493. [PMID: 32276158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric bulk deposition samples were gathered month by month throughout a year at two sites in vicinity of a MSWI in Shanghai, to carry out an investigation on the atmospheric bulk deposition fluxes and seasonal variations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxinsand dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). The atmospheric bulk deposition fluxes of PCDD/Fs ranged from 23.5 to 560 pg m-2·d-1 (1.01-23.9 pg WHO-TEQ·m-2·d-1), with an average value of 136 pg m-2·d-1 (5.08 pg WHO-TEQ·m-2·d-1) in the Vicinity of the MSWI in Shanghai. The measured concentrations were well compared with those from urban or industrial sites in other regions in China and abroad. The seasonal trend of atmospheric bulk deposition fluxes of PCDD/Fs throughout a year exhibited as high levels in summer, moderate levels in winter, and low levels in spring and autumn. The principal component analysis (PCA) indicated not only the MSWI, but also vehicle emission was the indispensable source of PCDD/Fs in the vicinity of the MSWI, especially for the urban areas. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) apportioned 5 source categories: MSWI, diesel vehicles, atmosphere background, industrial combustion and un-leaded gas vehicles, accounting for 43.3%, 38.1%, 6.89%, 6.19% and 5.50% in average, respectively of PCDD/Fs in atmospheric bulk deposition in the vicinity of the MSWI in Shanghai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China; Bioassay and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Shanghai Academy of Public Measurement, 201203, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Pingan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Jia
- Bioassay and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Shanghai Academy of Public Measurement, 201203, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haowen Yin
- Bioassay and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Shanghai Academy of Public Measurement, 201203, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianfang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanlian Mao
- Bioassay and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Shanghai Academy of Public Measurement, 201203, Shanghai, PR China
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