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Silva M, Ramos AC, Lidon FJ, Reboredo FH, Gonçalves EM. Pre- and Postharvest Strategies for Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom in a Circular Economy Approach. Foods 2024; 13:1464. [PMID: 38790763 PMCID: PMC11120248 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mushroom cultivation presents a viable solution for utilizing agro-industrial byproducts as substrates for growth. This process enables the transformation of low-economic-value waste into nutritional foods. Enhancing the yield and quality of preharvest edible mushrooms, along with effectively preserving postharvest mushrooms, stands as a significant challenge in advancing the industry. Implementing pre- and postharvest strategies for Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm (oyster mushroom) within a circular economy framework involves optimizing resource use, minimizing waste, and creating a sustainable and environmentally friendly production system. This review aimed to analyze the development and innovation of the different themes and trends by bibliometric analysis with a critical literature review. Furthermore, this review outlines the cultivation techniques for Pleurotus ostreatus, encompassing preharvest steps such as spawn production, substrate preparation, and the entire mushroom growth process, which includes substrate colonization, fruiting, harvesting, and, finally, the postharvest. While novel methodologies are being explored for maintaining quality and extending shelf-life, the evaluation of the environmental impact of the entire mushroom production to identify areas for improvement is needed. By integrating this knowledge, strategies can be developed for a more sustainable and circular approach to Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom cultivation, promoting environmental stewardship and long-term viability in this industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Silva
- INIAV—Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.)
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1600-560 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Ramos
- INIAV—Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.)
- GeoBioTec—Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando J. Lidon
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1600-560 Caparica, Portugal
- GeoBioTec—Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando H. Reboredo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), 1600-560 Caparica, Portugal
- GeoBioTec—Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elsa M. Gonçalves
- INIAV—Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.)
- GeoBioTec—Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Soceanu A, Matei N, Dobrinas S, Birghila S, Popescu V, Crudu G. Metal Content in Caps and Stalks of Edible Mushrooms: Health Benefits and Risk Evaluation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2347-2356. [PMID: 37542593 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are a good source of protein and phenolic compounds which provides health benefits for humans. The purpose of this study was to compare the content of eight metals, protein, and total phenolics (TPC) of 5 different species (Agaricus bisporus-white and brown mushrooms, Agaricus cupreobrunneus, Auricularia cornea, Hypsizgus tesselatus, and Pleurotus eryngii species-complex) of edible mushrooms available on the Romanian market. Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus cupreobrunneus were purchased and cultivated in Romania and the other species were cultivated in other countries (Turkey and China). The metal content determined by graphite atomic absorption spectrometry (GTAAS) varied in the order Cu > Pb > Ni > Fe > Cr > Mn > Co > Cd. Almost all the samples contained a greater quantity of metals in the stalk than in the cap. In addition, the levels of toxic metals were low. The protein content of analyzed samples ranged from 0.0926 to 0.2743%, the highest value being observed in Pleurotus eryngii species-complex mushroom. TPC of extracts increased over time but there was a variability in the concentration for each mushroom species (0.25-12.25 mg GAE/g). The investigated mushroom species possess no health risk and may be potential nutritional supplements for human diets due to their phenolic compounds, protein, and mineral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Soceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Matei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania.
| | - Simona Dobrinas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Semaghiul Birghila
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Viorica Popescu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Gabriela Crudu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
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Noble R, Thai M, Kertesz MA. Nitrogen balance and supply in Australasian mushroom composts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:151. [PMID: 38240861 PMCID: PMC10798912 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Mushrooms are an important source of protein in the human diet. They are increasingly viewed as a sustainable meat replacement in an era of growing populations, with button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) the most popular and economically important mushroom in Europe, Australia and North America. Button mushrooms are cultivated on a defined, straw-derived compost, and the nitrogen (N) required to grow these high-protein foods is provided mainly by the addition of poultry manure and horse manure. Using the correct balance of carbon (C) and N sources to produce mushroom compost is critically important in achieving maximum mushroom yields. Changes in the amount and form of N added, the rate and timing of N addition and the other compost components used can dramatically change the proportion of added N recovered in the mushroom caps, the yield and quality of the mushrooms and the loss of N as ammonia and nitrogen oxide gases during composting. This review examines how N supply for mushroom production can be optimised by the use of a broad range of inorganic and organic N sources for mushroom composting, together with the use of recycled compost leachate, gypsum and protein-rich supplements. Integrating this knowledge into our current molecular understanding of mushroom compost biology will provide a pathway for the development of sustainable solutions in mushroom production that will contribute strongly to the circular economy. KEY POINTS: • Nitrogen for production of mushroom compost can be provided as a much wider range of organic feedstocks or inorganic compounds than currently used • Most of the nitrogen used in production of mushroom compost is not recovered as protein in the mushroom crop • The sustainability of mushroom cropping would be increased through alternative nitrogen management during composting and cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Noble
- Microbiotech Ltd, Pershore Centre, Pershore, Worcestershire, WR103JP, UK
| | - Meghann Thai
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, LEES Building, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael A Kertesz
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, LEES Building, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Caetano ELA, Frattes CDC, Segato TCM, Leite FG, Pickler TB, de Oliveira Junior JM, Jozala AF, Grotto D. Protective effect of Agaricus bisporus mushroom against maternal and fetal damage induced by lead administration during pregnancy in rats. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1424-1437. [PMID: 37421350 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead (Pb) is a toxic pollutant, which can affect different tissues of the human body. The use of natural elements, as medicinal mushroom can reduce the toxic effects of Pb. OBJECTIVE We evaluated, through preclinical tests, the oral co exposures to mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Ab) by gavage and Pb in drinking water, and the capability of Ab be a protective agent for both pregnant rats and their fetuses. METHODS Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 5/group): Group I-Control; Group II-Ab 100 mg/kg; Group III-Pb 100 mg/L; Group IV-Ab +Pb -100 mg/kg +100 mg/L. Exposure was performed until the 19th day of gestation. On the 20th day, pregnant rats were euthanized, and the outcomes evaluated were weight gain; hematological profile; biochemical markers; oxidative stress markers; reproductive capacity; and embryo fetal development. RESULTS The characterization of mushrooms reveals them to be a valuable source of nutrients. However, Pb ingestion resulted in reduced weight gain and negative impacts on hematological and biochemical parameters. Fortunately, co administration of mushrooms helped to mitigate these negative effects and promote recovery. The mushroom also showed antioxidant activity, improving parameters of oxidative stress. In addition, Ab partially recovered the damage in fetal morphology and bone parameters. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the co administration of Ab improved the toxicity caused by Pb, and the mushroom could be used as a natural alternative as a protective/chelator agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernanda Gomes Leite
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Toxicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Aly AA, Mohammed MK, Maraei RW, Abdalla AE, Abouel-Yazeed AM. Improving the nutritional quality and bio-ingredients of stored white mushrooms using gamma irradiation and essential oils fumigation. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mushrooms are highly perishable in nature and deteriorate within a few days after harvesting due to their high respiration rate and delicate epidermal structure. Consequently, the shelf-life of freshly harvested mushroom is limited to 1–3 days at ambient condition. Hence, the current investigation was carried out to study γ-irradiation effects (1.5 and 2.0 kGy) and essential oils (EOs) fumigation including geranium (60 and 80 μL/L) and lemongrass (40 and 60 μL/L) on nutritional quality (Vitamins C and D2) as well as bio-ingredients such as total soluble proteins, phenolic and flavonoids contents, antioxidant activity were determined as an origin of potential natural antioxidant plus the profile of phenols and flavonoids identified by HPLC. As well as activities of some enzymes (PPO, SOD, PAL, and APX) of Agaricus bisporus mushroom at 4 °C during storage time for twelve days. The findings showed that there was a reduction in the contents of Vit. C and vitamin D2 in all mushroom samples during storage, where the essential oil treatment especially 60 μL/L of geranium and 40 μL/L of lemongrass gave the least decrease (3.42 and 3.28 mg/100 g FW, respectively) of ascorbic acid content compared to the other treatments while the irradiated samples (1.5, and 2.0 kGy) gave the lowest decrease of vitamin D2 (106.30 and 114.40 mg/kg DW, respectively) at the end of storage time. The content of the bio-ingredients content was affected by the storage periods, and the samples treated with oil fumigation gave the best content and the same trend happened with the antioxidant activity. The enzymes activity increased by the storage period, especially after 4 days of storage, and then the activity decreased after that. Quantification of phenolic and flavonoid compounds affected by storage periods in all treatments and the EO-treated mushrooms gave the best amount of them. Thus, samples of mushrooms treated with oil fumigation especially 60 μL/L of geranium and 40 μL/L of lemongrass can successfully increase the nutritional value plus maintain the value of the mushrooms during storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A. Aly
- Natural Products Department , National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Marwa K. Mohammed
- Natural Products Department , National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Rabab W. Maraei
- Natural Products Department , National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Abdalla
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha) , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Ayman M. Abouel-Yazeed
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha) , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
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Falandysz J. Comment on "Worldwide basket survey of multielemental composition of white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus": The credibility of the concentration data reported for REE are questioned - are they reliable enough to be included in the database on nutrients in mushrooms? CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136857. [PMID: 36265707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this comment is on the Lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) which, together with Sc and Y are also called the rare earth elements (REE). Individual REE have similar chemical properties and can be treated as a group. They behave similarly in the environment and in food webs. However, the determination of REE in foods, including edible mushrooms is analytically very challenging. In study by Siwulski et al. (2020) concentrations were reported for Ce, Nd, Sm, La, Sm and Tm, but the others were not detected above the method quantification limit. The sum of Ce (340-2730 μg kg-1 dw), Nd (10-1220 μg kg-1 dw), Sm (10-420 μg kg-1 dw), La (10-130 μg kg-1 dw), Sm (10-420 μg kg-1 dw), Tm (10-170 μg kg-1 dw) in 32 samples of A. bisporus was in the range of 430-3510 μg kg-1 dry weight. The first visible characteristic is a large difference in the concentrations of Ce, Nd, Sm, La and Tm between the A. bisporus samples and various wild species and cultivated Cyclocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus ostreatus. Secondly, there is no correspondence with the Oddo-Harkins order and the concentrations pattern of Ce, Nd, Sm, La and Tm reported for the A. bisporus samples. The pattern is clearly different from that observed in the wild mushrooms and the two cultivated species reported by other studies. The ICP-OES and also the low resolution ICP-MS determination of REE directly from a fungal digest can suffer from spectral interferences of different types including an effect of the matrix which have to be overcome in the course of reliable and controlled analysis of REE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Medical University of Lodz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 1 Muszyńskiego St., 90-151, Łódź, Poland.
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Krishnamoorthi R, Srinivash M, Mahalingam PU, Malaikozhundan B. Dietary nutrients in edible mushroom, Agaricus bisporus and their radical scavenging, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Edible Mushrooms for Sustainable and Healthy Human Food: Nutritional and Medicinal Attributes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14094941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Global food production faces many challenges, including climate change, a water crisis, land degradation, and desertification. These challenges require research into non-traditional sources of human foods. Edible mushrooms are considered an important next-generation healthy food source. Edible mushrooms are rich in proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive components (alkaloids, lactones, polysaccharides, polyphenolic compounds, sesquiterpenes, sterols, and terpenoids). Several bioactive ingredients can be extracted from edible mushrooms and incorporated into health-promoting supplements. It has been suggested that several human diseases can be treated with extracts from edible mushrooms, as these extracts have biological effects including anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, immune-potentiating, and hypo-cholesterolemic influences. The current study focuses on sustainable approaches for handling edible mushrooms and their secondary metabolites, including biofortification. Comparisons between edible and poisonous mushrooms, as well as the common species of edible mushrooms and their different bioactive ingredients, are crucial. Nutritional values and the health benefits of edible mushrooms, as well as different biomedical applications, have been also emphasized. Further research is needed to explore the economic sustainability of different medicinal mushroom bioactive compound extracts and their potential applications against emerging diseases such as COVID-19. New approaches such as nano-biofortification are also needed to supply edible mushrooms with essential nutrients and/or to increase their bioactive ingredients.
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Biofortification of Three Cultivated Mushroom Species with Three Iron Salts—Potential for a New Iron-Rich Superfood. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072328. [PMID: 35408727 PMCID: PMC9000346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms fortified with iron (Fe) can offer a promising alternative to counter the worldwide deficiency problem. However, the factors that may influence the efficiency of fortification have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three Fe forms (FeCl3 6H2O, FeSO4 7H2O, or FeHBED) in three concentrations (5, 10, or 50 mM) for three mushroom species (Pleurotus eryngii, P. ostreatus, or Pholiota nameko) on their chemical composition, phenolic compounds, and organic acid production. The most effective metal accumulation of all the investigated species was for the 50 mM addition. FeCl3 6H2O was the most favorable additive for P. eryngii and P. nameko (up to 145 and 185% Fe more than in the control, respectively) and FeHBED for P. ostreatus (up to 108% Fe more than in control). Additionally, P. nameko showed the highest Fe accumulation among studied species (89.2 ± 7.51 mg kg−1 DW). The creation of phenolic acids was generally inhibited by Fe salt supplementation. However, an increasing effect on phenolic acid concentration was observed for P. ostreatus cultivated at 5 mM FeCl3 6H2O and for P. eryngii cultivated at 5 mM FeCl3 6H2O and 5 mM FeSO4 7H2O. In the case of organic acids, a similar situation was observed. For P. ostreatus, FeSO4 7H2O and FeHBED salts increased the formation of the determined organic acids in fruiting bodies. P. eryngii and P. nameko were characterized by a much lower content of organic acids in the systems supplemented with Fe. Based on the obtained results, we recommend starting fortification by preliminarily indicating which form of the element is preferred for the species of interest for supplementation. It also seems that using an additive concentration of 50 mM or higher is most effective.
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Wang Y, Yan X, Su M, Li J, Man T, Wang S, Li C, Gao S, Zhang R, Zhang M, Wang P, Jia X, Ren L. Isolation of potassium solubilizing bacteria in soil and preparation of liquid bacteria fertilizer from food wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fresh Mushroom Preservation Techniques. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092126. [PMID: 34574236 PMCID: PMC8465629 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The production and consumption of fresh mushrooms has experienced a significant increase in recent decades. This trend has been driven mainly by their nutritional value and by the presence of bioactive and nutraceutical components that are associated with health benefits, which has led some to consider them a functional food. Mushrooms represent an attractive food for vegetarian and vegan consumers due to their high contents of high-biological-value proteins and vitamin D. However, due to their high respiratory rate, high water content, and lack of a cuticular structure, mushrooms rapidly lose quality and have a short shelf life after harvest, which limits their commercialization in the fresh state. Several traditional preservation methods are used to maintain their quality and extend their shelf life. This article reviews some preservation methods that are commonly used to preserve fresh mushrooms and promising new preservation techniques, highlighting the use of new packaging systems and regulations aimed at the development of more sustainable packaging.
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Gwenzi W, Tagwireyi C, Musiyiwa K, Chipurura B, Nyamangara J, Sanganyado E, Chaukura N. Occurrence, behavior, and human exposure and health risks of potentially toxic elements in edible mushrooms with focus on Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:302. [PMID: 33900454 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the occurrence, behavior, and fate of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the substrate-mushroom-human nexus is critical for assessing and mitigating their human health risks. In this review, we (1) summarized the nature, sources, and biogeochemical behavior of PTEs in the substrate-mushroom systems; (2) discussed the occurrence, exposure, and human health risks of PTEs in mushrooms with emphasis on African geological hotspots such as metalliferous and highly mineralized substrates; (3) developed a 10-step conceptual framework for identifying, assessing, and mitigating the human health risks of PTEs in mushrooms, and highlight future directions. High human exposure risks potentially exist in Africa due to the following: (1) widespread consumption of mushrooms from various metalliferrous and highly mineralized substrates such as serpentines and mine waste dumps, (2) inadequate and poorly enforced environmental health and food safety regulations and policies, (3) limited environmental and human health monitoring data, and (4) potential synergistic interactions among PTEs in mushrooms and human health stressors such as a high burden of human diseases and infections. Although the human health effects of individual PTEs are well known, scientific evidence linking human health risk to PTEs in mushrooms remains weak. A framework for risk assessment and mitigation, and future research directions are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Caroline Tagwireyi
- Formerly with Environmental Sciences Institute, Scientific & Industrial Research & Development Centre, Alpes Road/Technology Drive, Hatcliffe, P. O. Box 6640, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kumbirai Musiyiwa
- Department of Crop Science and Post-Harvest Technology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Private Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Batsirai Chipurura
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Family Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Justice Nyamangara
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Marondera University of Agricultural Science and Technology, P. O. Box 35,, Marondera, Zimbabwe
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa.
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Wang Q, Juan J, Xiao T, Zhang J, Chen H, Song X, Chen M, Huang J. The physical structure of compost and C and N utilization during composting and mushroom growth in Agaricus bisporus cultivation with rice, wheat, and reed straw-based composts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3811-3823. [PMID: 33877414 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus with compost made from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and reed (Phragmites australis Trin.) straw was investigated. Straw degradation was analyzed at the microscopic level, and the corresponding changes in the breakdown of different lignocellulose components during different phases of composting and mushroom production helped in understanding the yield-limiting factors of using different straws to grow mushrooms. The wheat straw compost resulted in the highest mushroom production and had the highest bioconversion efficiency. The rice straw was limited by the softer texture, which resulted in low-porosity and overdecomposed compost in the composting process and decreased the amount of available lignocellulose during mycelial growth. Although reed straw had the largest carbon resources, its utilization rate was the lowest. The hard structure, low water holding capacity, and high porosity increased the recalcitrance of reed straw to degradation and prolonged the composting time, which resulted in large N and C losses and an increased C/N ratio. Moreover, reed straw failed to transform into "ready-to-consume C" in composting. Therefore, a high C/N ratio and deficiency of available nutrition decreased the utilization efficiency of the lignocellulosic components by A. bisporus during mycelial colonization and mushroom production. The investigation revealed that degradability by and availability to microbiota and A. bisporus seemed to be the overriding factors for optimizing the composting process with different straw types. KEY POINTS: • The physical structure of compost has a significant influence on the composting process. • Degradability and availability are key factors in compost quality evaluation. • Lignocellulose utilization efficiency positively correlated with mushroom yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jiaxiang Juan
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Hui Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jianchun Huang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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14
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A comparison of toxic and essential elements in edible wild and cultivated mushroom species. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe multi-elemental composition of 4 edible wild-growing mushroom species that commonly occur in Polish forests was compared to 13 cultivated mushroom species available in trade. A considerable variation in the macroelements content was revealed with cultivated species containing higher amounts of macroelements. The mean content of B, Co, Cr, Fe, Pb, Pr, Pt, Sb, Sm, Sr, Te, and Tm was higher in cultivated mushroom species, while the opposite was noted for Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, La, Mo, Sc, and Zn. Selected cultivated forms exhibited increased content of Al (F. velutipes), As (H. marmoreus, F. velutipes), Ni (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, H. marmoreus), and Pb (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, F. velupites, and L. edodes). Wild-growing species, B. boletus, I. badia, and S. bovinus contained high Hg levels, close to or exceeding tolerable intakes. Compared to cultivated mushrooms, they also generally revealed a significantly increased content of Al (with the highest content in B. edulis and I. badia), As and Cd (with the highest content in B. edulis and S. bovinus in both cases). In turn, the cultivated mushrooms were characterized by a higher content of Ni (particularly in A. bisporus) and Pb (with the highest content in P. eryngii). The exposure risks may, however, differ between wild and cultivated mushrooms since the former are consumed seasonally (although in some regions at a high level), while the latter are available throughout the year. Both cultivated and wild-growing mushrooms were found to be a poor source of Ca and Mg, and only a supplemental source of K, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the human diet. These results suggest that mushrooms collected from the wild or cultivated, should be consumed sparingly. The study advocates for more strict monitoring measures of the content of toxic metals/metalloids in mushrooms distributed as food, preferentially through the establishment of maximum allowance levels not limited only to a few elements and mushroom species.
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Huang J, Zhuo Y, Lu J, Lai Q, Zhang Y. Bacillus cereus liquid fertilizer was produced from Agaricus bisporus industrial wastewater. J Biotechnol 2021; 327:74-85. [PMID: 33440221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During the Agaricus bisporus canning processes, a large number of water-soluble elements were dissolved into the processing hot water. This study was conducted to use the industrial wastewater of A. bisporus to prepare agricultural microbial fertilizer. In the work, the influence of 6 different liquid fermentation factors on the total biomass of living Bacillus cereus was evaluated with the one-factor-at-a-time method and the Plackett-Burman design. The total biomass of living B. cereus was most influenced by fermentation temperature, shaking speed, and inoculation volume, which were identified as the most critical independent variables for the B. cereus biomass. The approximate ranges of optimal fermentation conditions for the three key factors were identified by the path of steepest ascent. The center point of these factors were 24 ℃ of temperature, 250 rpm of shaking speed and 12 % inoculum amount, respectively. The Box-Behnken design was applied to derive a statistical model for optimizing the three fermentation factors for B. cereus biomass. After further optimizations based on statistical predictions, the optimum fermentation parameters for B. cereus cultured in the A. bisporus industrial wastewater were fermentation temperature of 24.8 °C, shaking speed of 234 rpm, inoculum dose of 12.2 % (v:v, %), industrial wastewater concentration of 4%, initial pH values of 6.5, loading liquid of 60 mL/250 mL, and culture time of 24 h. Culturing with the optimal fermentation conditions resulted in the biomass of B. cereus of 1.35 ± 0.02 × 109 Obj/mL (N = 3), which was consistent with the predicted values (1.32 × 109 Obj/mL) predicted by the corresponding regression models (p < 0.05), and more, was also far higher than that of the standard of agricultural bacterial fertilizers in People's Republic of China. Further, the results of field trial indicated that the of B. cereus liquid fertilizer can remarkably enhance the yield of Brassica chinensis L. It is practicable to make use of the industrial wastewater of A. bisporus to prepare the microbial fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Huang
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Mushroom Health Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China; School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology College, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China.
| | - Yizhen Zhuo
- Zhangzhou No.3 Middle School, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Jinqiu Lu
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology College, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Qingyu Lai
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology College, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology College, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
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16
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Varga E, Ladányi M, Fodor P, Soros C. Comparison of QuEChERS and "dilute and shoot" extraction methods for multi-mycotoxin analysis of samples from button mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus) cultivation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 56:99-108. [PMID: 33571042 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1852046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several components of mushroom compost (wheat straw, chicken manure) can be contaminated with mycotoxins posing food health risks to mushroom consumers. To assess the relevance of such contaminations high-throughput analytical methods are needed. In this study, two sample preparation approaches, dilute & shoot (D&S) and modified citrate buffered Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS) were compared in terms of extraction efficiency and matrix effect in case of 13 mycotoxins in complex matrices-wheat straw, the growing media and button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)-of mushroom cultivation using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). D&S method resulted in recoveries of LB medium, button mushroom and compost for ≥60% in case of all investigated mycotoxins except for DON-3G. However, using modified citrate buffered QuEChERS with 2% acidification of the extraction solvent showed the complete loss of strongly polar DON-3G and fumonisin B1 (FB1). The investigated matrices had suppressive effect on ionization in all target mycotoxins except for FB1. Regarding the use of isotopologues to compensate matrix effect, even U-[13C15]-DON and U-[13C24]-T-2 can also be used to quantify their related metabolites in the studied matrices, using internal standard method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Varga
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Ladányi
- Faculty of Horticultural Science, Department of Biometrics and Agricultural Informatics, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Fodor
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Soros
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
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Gbylik-Sikorska M, Gajda A, Nowacka-Kozak E, Posyniak A. Doxycycline transfer from substrate to white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and assessment of the potential consumer exposure. Food Chem 2020; 324:126867. [PMID: 32344345 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotic residues in the food chain may pose a serious risk to human health. Locating and evaluating new sources of consumer exposure to antibiotic residues in food is a very important element of health protection. The possibility of doxycycline uptake from the substrate for mushroom cultivation by the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) fruit body was investigated. Mushrooms were experimentally cultivated on substrate contaminated with 8 different doxycycline concentrations in substrate and analyte concentrations in mushroom samples were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) The obtained results clearly indicated that doxycycline transfers from contaminated substrate to mushrooms at concentrations ranging from 0.87 to 72.3 µg/kg, depending on substrate contamination concentration level and order of harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Gbylik-Sikorska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Anna Gajda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Ewelina Nowacka-Kozak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Posyniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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