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Reverbel S, Dévier MH, Dupraz V, Geneste E, Budzinski H. Assessment of the Presence of Transformation Products of Certain Pharmaceutical Products (Psychotropic Family) by Suspect and Non-Targeted HRMS Screening in Wastewater Treatment Plants. TOXICS 2023; 11:713. [PMID: 37624218 PMCID: PMC10457822 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are the final receptors of human emissions and are therefore contaminated by molecules, such as pharmaceuticals. After use, these compounds and their metabolites are discharged to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). During wastewater treatment, compounds may be eliminated or degraded into transformation products (TPs) or may be persistent. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method based on high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for the identification of six psychotropic drugs that are widely consumed in France and present in WWTPs, as well as their potential associated metabolites and TPs. Four out of six psychotropic drugs and between twenty-five and thirty-seven potential TPs were detected in wastewater, although this was based on full scan data. TPs not reported in the literature and specific to the study sites and therefore to the wastewater treatment processes were tentatively identified. For the selected drugs, most known and present TPs were identified, such as desmethylvenlafaxine or norcitalopram. Moreover, the short fragmentation study led rather to the identification of several TPs of carbamazepine as ubiquitous persistent TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenne Reverbel
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Dévier
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valentin Dupraz
- Régie de l’Eau Bordeaux Métropole, Direction de la Recherche, de l’Innovation et de la Transition Ecologique, F-33081 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Geneste
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, F-33600 Pessac, France
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Gao M, Li Y, Zhao L, Yao Y, Chen H, Wang L, Sun H. Organophosphite Antioxidants and Novel Organophosphate Esters in Dust from China: Large-Scale Distribution and Heterogeneous Phototransformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4187-4198. [PMID: 36848063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale survey was conducted by measuring five organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs) and three novel organophosphate esters (NOPEs) in 139 dust samples across China. The median summed concentrations of OPAs and NOPEs in outdoor dust were 33.8 ng/g (range: 0.12-53,400 ng/g) and 7990 ng/g (2390-27,600 ng/g), respectively. The dust concentrations of OPAs associated with the increasing economic development and population density from western to eastern China, whereas the NOPE concentration in Northeast China (median, 11,900 ng/g; range, 4360-16,400 ng/g) was the highest. Geographically, the distribution of NOPEs was significantly associated with annual sunshine duration and precipitation at each sampling site. Results of laboratory experiments further revealed that the simulated sunlight irradiation promoted the heterogeneous phototransformation of OPAs in dust, and this process was accelerated with the existence of reactive oxygen species and enhanced relative humidity. Importantly, during this phototransformation, the hydroxylated, hydrolyzed, dealkylated, and methylated products, e.g., bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) methyl phosphate, were identified by nontargeted analysis, part of which were estimated to be more toxic than their parent compounds. The heterogeneous phototransformation pathway of OPAs was suggested accordingly. For the first time, the large-scale distribution of OPAs and NOPEs and the phototransformation of these "new chemicals" in dust were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Meng Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Leicheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Yang Y, Yang L, Zheng M, Cao D, Liu G. Data acquisition methods for non-targeted screening in environmental analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Priority Pollutants Monitoring and Water Quality Assessment in the Siret River Basin, Romania. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Integrated Water Resources Management regulations aim to ensure a good status of surface water quality and its sustainable use. Water quality monitoring of various water users supports the identification of pollution sources and their environmental impacts. The priority pollutants generated by wastewater discharges from municipal, industrial wastewater treatment plants or agricultural areas are of great interest due to their eco-toxicological effects and bio-accumulative properties. The aim of this study was to monitor the priority organic and inorganic pollutants from the Siret River basin, in Romania, with the purpose of assessing the surface water quality status and evaluating it by the Water Quality Index (WAWQI) method. The monitoring of inorganic priority pollutants (e.g., As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) and organic priority pollutants (e.g., Naphthalene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(ghi)perylene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, α, β, and γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane, and Di-2-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate) was conducted within the Siret River basin, during the period 2015–2020. With this purpose, 21 sampling points (18 river sections and 3 lakes) were considered to assess the water quality. The results of this study proved that the water quality within the Siret River basin is generally classified in the 2nd or 3rd class. The spatial distribution of the water quality index values, using ARCGIS, also highlighted the fact that the water quality is mostly unsuitable for drinking water supplies, being influenced by the quality of its main tributaries, as well as by the effluent of wastewater treatment plants.
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