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Reza A, Chen L, Mao X. Response surface methodology for process optimization in livestock wastewater treatment: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30326. [PMID: 38726140 PMCID: PMC11078649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With increasing demand for meat and dairy products, the volume of wastewater generated from the livestock industry has become a significant environmental concern. The treatment of livestock wastewater (LWW) is a challenging process that involves removing nutrients, organic matter, pathogens, and other pollutants from livestock manure and urine. In response to this challenge, researchers have developed and investigated different biological, physical, and chemical treatment technologies that perform better upon optimization. Optimization of LWW handling processes can help improve the efficacy and sustainability of treatment systems as well as minimize environmental impacts and associated costs. Response surface methodology (RSM) as an optimization approach can effectively optimize operational parameters that affect process performance. This review article summarizes the main steps of RSM, recent applications of RSM in LWW treatment, highlights the advantages and limitations of this technique, and provides recommendations for future research and practice, including its cost-effectiveness, accuracy, and ability to improve treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Reza
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Avenue, Twin Falls, ID, 83303-1827, USA
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-5000, USA
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| | - Lide Chen
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Avenue, Twin Falls, ID, 83303-1827, USA
| | - Xinwei Mao
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-5000, USA
- Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-4424, USA
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Fan C, Li B, Li W, Chen W, Yin W, Li P, Wu J. Promoted iron corrosion and enhanced phosphate removal by micro-electric field driven zero-valent iron. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140066. [PMID: 37673180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron (Fe0) is restricted in phosphate removal due to the formation of a passive P-Fe layer on its surface. A micro-electric field (0.20 mA cm-2) was employed in Fe0 column to facilitate iron corrosion for enhanced phosphate removal with a Fe0 column as the control. The performance of two columns was compared by batch experiment at a Fe0 filling rate of 10 vol% with quartz sand as dispersing media. The stability and reusability of micro-electric field driven Fe0 (MFD-Fe0) column was estimated by cyclic test. Solid phase analysis showed promoted iron corrosion, iron ion generation, and secondary mineral production such as lepidocrocite and magnetite in the MFD-Fe0 column. Since iron ions tended to precipitate with phosphate, and iron minerals provided reaction sites for phosphate adsorption, the MFD-Fe0 column achieved an enhanced phosphate removal of 94.1%, 2.8 times higher than that of the Fe0 column. The increase of current density from 0 to 0.20 mA cm-2 significantly improved phosphate removal from 24.5% to 94.1%, further demonstrating the promoting effect of micro-electric field on iron corrosion. The MFD-Fe0 column also possessed excellent stability and reusability. It only showed a slight decrease of phosphate removal from 94.1% to 89.7% in eight cycles. It restored a phosphate removal capacity of 97.4% as compared to the initial MFD-Fe0 column by eluting iron (hydro)oxides on Fe0 and quartz sand surfaces with sulfuric acid. This study indicated that MFD-Fe0 is a promising method to remove phosphate from water and an alternative strategy for overcoming Fe0 passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Fan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weiquan Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weiting Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weizhao Yin
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Wu H, Li A, Zhang H, Gao S, Li S, Cai J, Yan R, Xing Z. The potential and sustainable strategy for swine wastewater treatment: Resource recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 336:139235. [PMID: 37343397 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Swine wastewater is highly polluted with complex and harmful substances that require effective treatment to minimize environmental damage. There are three commonly used biological technologies for treating swine wastewater: conventional biological technology (CBT), microbial electrochemical technology (MET), and microalgae technology (MT). However, there is a lack of comparison among these technologies and a lack of understanding of their unique advantages and efficient operation strategies. This review aims to compare and contrast the characteristics, influencing factors, improvement methods, and microbial mechanisms of each technology. CBT is cost-effective but has low resource recovery efficiency, while MET and MT have the highest potential for resource recovery. However, all three technologies are affected by various factors and toxic substances such as heavy metals and antibiotics. Improved methods include exogenous/endogenous enhancement, series reactor operation, algal-bacterial symbiosis system construction, etc. Though MET is limited by construction costs, CBT and MT have practical applications. While swine wastewater treatment processes have developed automatic control systems, the application need further promotion. Furthermore, key functional microorganisms involved in CBT's pollutant removal or transformation have been detected, as have related genes. The unique electroactive microbial cooperation mode and symbiotic mode of MET and MT were also revealed, respectively. Importantly, the future research should focus on broadening the scope and scale of engineering applications, preventing and controlling emerging pollutants, improving automated management level, focusing on microbial synergistic metabolism, enhancing resource recovery performance, and building a circular economy based on low-cost and resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Anjie Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Huaiwen Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Sicong Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Suqi Li
- College of Life and Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jindou Cai
- School of Culture and Tourism, Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing, 402160, PR China
| | - Ruixiao Yan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Zhilin Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, PR China.
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Ji S, Zhang F, Yao P, Li C, Faheem M, Feng Q, Chen M, Wang B. Optimization of pig manure-derived biochar for ammonium and phosphate simultaneous recovery from livestock wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28092-w. [PMID: 37326725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Livestock wastewater has led to serious eco-environmental issues. To effectively treat livestock wastewater and realize the resource utilization of livestock solid waste, manure waste has been widely used to prepare biochar for the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus. However, fresh biochar has a poor ability to adsorb phosphate due to its negative charge. To overcome the defect, the proportion of biochar samples prepared at 400 °C and 700 °C was optimized under a mass ratio of 2:3 to obtain mixed biochar PM 4-7, achieving the purpose of enhanced ammonium and phosphate recovery in livestock wastewater simultaneously without any modification. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, dosage, and pH were studied, different adsorption models were used to explore the adsorption mechanism, and the effect of biochar loaded with nutrient elements on seed was verified through a seed germination experiment. It was revealed that the maximum removal rates of phosphate and ammonium were 33.88 % and 41.50 %, respectively, endorsing that mixed biochar PM 4-7 can recover nutrients from livestock wastewater, and could be used as a slow-release fertilizer to promote seed germination and growth. This method provides a new potential way for the efficient resource utilization of pig manure and the recovery of nutrients from breeding wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Panpan Yao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunlan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qianwei Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Wang T, Ni Z, Kuang B, Zhou L, Chen X, Lin Z, Guo B, Zhu G, Jia J. Two-stage hybrid microalgal electroactive wetland-coupled anaerobic digestion for swine wastewater treatment in South China: Full-scale verification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153312. [PMID: 35065128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands have been widely used for organic wastewater treatment owing to low operating costs and simple maintenance. However, there are some disadvantages such as unstable efficiency in winter. In this study, a microalgal electroactive biofilm-constructed wetland was coupled with anaerobic digestion for full-scale treatment of swine wastewater. In a 12-month outdoor trial, the overall removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, ammonium, nitrate, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and nitrite reached 98.26%/95.14%, 97.96%/92.07%, 85.45%/66.04%, 95.07%/91.48%, 91.44%/91.52%, and 85.45%/84.67% in summer/winter, respectively. Hydrolytic bacteria were dominant in the anaerobic digestion part, and Cyanobium, Shewanella, and Azoarcus were enriched in the microalgal electroactive biofilm. The operating cost of the entire system was approximately 0.118 $/m3 of wastewater. These results confirm that the microalgal electroactive biofilm significantly enhances the efficiency and stability of constructed wetlands. In conclusion, the anaerobic digestion-microalgal electroactive biofilm-constructed wetland is technically and economically feasible for the treatment of swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Zhili Ni
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Bin Kuang
- Jiangmen Polytechnic, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Lilin Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Xuanhao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Ziyang Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Gefu Zhu
- School of Environment and Nature Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
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Design and Analysis of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models for Achieving Self-Sustainability in Sanitation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the potential of using fecal ash as an adsorbent and demonstrates a self-sustaining, optimized approach for urea recovery from wastewater streams. Fecal ash was prepared by heating synthetic feces to 500 °C and then processing it as an adsorbent for urea adsorption from synthetic urine. Since this adsorption approach based on fecal ash is a promising alternative for wastewater treatment, it increases the process’ self- sustainability. Adsorption experiments with varying fecal ash loadings, initial urine concentrations, and adsorption temperatures were conducted, and the acquired data were applied to determine the adsorption kinetics. These three process parameters and their interactions served as the input vectors for the artificial neural network model, with the percentage urea adsorption onto fecal ash serving as the output. The Levenberg–Marquardt (TRAINLM) and Bayesian regularization (TRAINBR) techniques with mean square error (MSE) were trained and tested for predicting percentage adsorption. TRAINBR was demonstrated in our study to be an ideal match for improving urea adsorption, with an accuracy of R = 0.9982 and a convergence time of seven seconds. The ideal conditions for maximum urea adsorption were determined to be a high starting concentration of 13.5 g.L−1; a low temperature of 30 °C, and a loading of 1.0 g of adsorbent. For urea, the improved settings resulted in maximum adsorption of 92.8%.
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Sharifi P. A quick review of advantages and limitations of biological fertilizers in wheat cultivation. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Achieving adequate, healthy and nutritious food is emphasized as one of the basic rights of individuals in society in all the world countries. In this regard, the agricultural sector is committed to approach the necessary capability in establishing food security and self-reliance on basic products. Soil is very important as a basic source and bed of production, so that food safety mainly depends on soil security and to enlighten thoughts. Due to climate changes, lack of organic matters, and soil conditions, soil fertility management and nutrition of wheat plant are important. To this aim, knowing information about the soils and providing required nutrients could help to approach desired levels of wheat production in quantity and quality. Instead of chemical fertilizers, biological fertilizers have been seen useful for approaching the purposes. However, lack of enough information besides negative sights of view by the farmers are those the most important limiting factors. Therefore, investigating various aspects of biological fertilizers is very important for reaching a point of optimum usage of biological fertilizers for sustainable agricultural systems especially for the wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sharifi
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Higher Education Center Shahid Bakeri Miyandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Chen RF, Liu T, Rong HW, Zhong HT, Wei CH. Effect of Organic Substances on Nutrients Recovery by Struvite Electrochemical Precipitation from Synthetic Anaerobically Treated Swine Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080594. [PMID: 34436357 PMCID: PMC8399473 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobically treated swine wastewater contains large amounts of orthophosphate phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen and organic substances with potential nutrients recovery via struvite electrochemical precipitation post-treatment. Lab-scale batch experiments were systematically conducted in this study to investigate the effects of initial pH, current density, organic substances upon nutrients removal, and precipitates quality (characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and element analysis via acid dissolution method) during the struvite electrochemical precipitation process. The optimal conditions for the initial pH of 7.0 and current density of 4 mA/cm2 favoured nutrients removal and precipitates quality (struvite purity of up to 94.2%) in the absence of organic substances. By contrast, a more adverse effect on nutrients removal, morphology and purity of precipitates was found by humic acid than by sodium alginate and bovine albumin in the individual presence of organic substances. Low concentration combination of bovine albumin, sodium alginate, and humic acid showed antagonistic inhibition effects, whereas a high concentration combination showed the accelerating inhibition effects. Initial pH adjustment from 7 to 8 could effectively mitigate the adverse effects on struvite electrochemical precipitation under high concentration combined with organic substances (500 mg/L bovine albumin, 500 mg/L sodium alginate, and 1500 mg/L humic acid); this may help improve struvite electrochemical precipitation technology in practical application for nutrients recovery from anaerobically treated swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Feng Chen
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.-F.C.); (T.L.); (H.-W.R.)
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.-F.C.); (T.L.); (H.-W.R.)
| | - Hong-Wei Rong
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.-F.C.); (T.L.); (H.-W.R.)
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Chun-Hai Wei
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.-F.C.); (T.L.); (H.-W.R.)
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-3936-6656
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