Photoelectrocatalytic treatment of levofloxacin using Ti/MMO/ZnO electrode

Advancements in electrochemical technologies for the removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in wastewater: A review

In recent times, the need to make water safer and cleaner through the elimination of recalcitrant pharmaceutical residues has been the aim of many studies. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, and levofloxacin are among the commonly detected pharmaceuticals in wastewater. Since the presence of these pharmaceuticals in water bodies poses serious risks to living organisms, it is vital to adopt effective wastewater treatment techniques for their complete removal. Electrochemical technologies such as photoelectrocatalysis, electro-Fenton, electrocoagulation, and electrochemical oxidation have been established as techniques capable of the complete removal of organics including pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Hence, this review presents discussions on the recent progress (literature within 2018-2022) in the applications of common electrochemical processes for the degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from wastewater. The fundamentals of these processes are highlighted while the results obtained using the processes are critically discussed. Furthermore, the inherent advantages and limitations of these processes in the mineralization of fluoroquinolone antibiotics are clearly emphasized. Additionally, appropriate recommendations are made toward improving electrochemical technologies for the complete removal of these pharmaceuticals with minimal energy consumption. Therefore, this review will serve as a bedrock for future researchers concerned with wastewater treatments to make informed decisions in the selection of suitable electrochemical techniques for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater.

Topologically Porous Heterostructures for Photo/Photothermal Catalysis of Clean Energy Conversion

As a straightforward way to fix solar energy, photo/photothermal catalysis with semiconductor provides a promising way to settle the energy shortage and environmental crisis in many fields, especially in clean energy conversion. Topologically porous heterostructures (TPHs), featured with well-defined pores and mainly composed by the derivatives of some precursors with specific morphology, are a major part of hierarchical materials in photo/photothermal catalysis and provide a versatile platform to construct efficient photocatalysts for their enhanced light absorption, accelerated charges transfer, improved stability, and promoted mass transportation. Therefore, a comprehensive and timely review on the advantages and recent applications of the TPHs is of great importance to forecast the potential applications and research trend in the future. This review initially demonstrates the advantages of TPHs in photo/photothermal catalysis. Then the universal classifications and design strategies of TPHs are emphasized. Besides, the applications and mechanisms of photo/photothermal catalysis in hydrogen evolution from water splitting and CO_x hydrogenation over TPHs are carefully reviewed and highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of TPHs in photo/photothermal catalysis are also critically discussed.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Levofloxacin for the Prevention of Infection after Traumatic Osteoarthrosis and Internal Fixation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective

Levofloxacin has been widely used in clinical anti-infection treatment; however, its adverse reactions to levofloxacin were also obvious in patients. Herein we aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of systemic administration of levofloxacin in the prevention of postoperative infection after traumatic osteoarthrosis and internal fixation.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library, OVID, EBSCO, CNKI, VIP database, and Wanfang Database were searched from December 1993 to December 2021. Meanwhile, China ADR Information Bulletin and WHO Pharmaceutical were searched manually. Newsletter and FDA Drug Safety Newsletter, also to retrieve the Websites of Chinese, Chinese, and drug regulatory authorities; To obtain data on adverse events in children with systemic administration of levofloxacin. The literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias was evaluated for the included RCT literature.

Results

There was a statistical difference in the comparison of the incidence of fever between the experimental group and the control group (OR = 2.29, 95% CI (1.75,2.98),P < 0.00001, I² = 0%, Z = 6.11); elevated white blood cell count (OR = 1.82, 95% CI (1.31,2.52),P=0.0003, I² = 0%, Z = 3.60); incidence of wound infection (OR = 2.11, 95% CI (1.54,2.90),P < 0.00001, I² = 0%, Z = 4.64); adverse drug reaction (OR = 1.82, 95% CI (1.21,2.74),P=0.004, I² = 0%, Z = 2.86).

Conclusion

In the clinical use of levofloxacin, adverse drug reactions including fever, elevated white blood cell count, and wound infection should be concerned.