1
|
Zhu M, Liu Y, He Y, Kuemmel S, Wu L, Shen D, Richnow HH. Multi-element ( 2H, 13C, 37Cl) isotope analysis to characterize reductive transformation of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCH isomers by cobalamin and Fe 0 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135932. [PMID: 39388861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a typical persistent organic pollutant, poses a serious threat to both human health and the environment. The degradability of HCH isomers (α, β, γ, and δ) varies significantly under anoxic aqueous conditions and the corresponding reductive transformation mechanisms remain elusive. This work employed multi-element (2H, 13C, 37Cl) stable isotope analysis to characterize the reductive dehalogenation mechanisms of HCH isomers using cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) reduced with Ti3+ and Fe0 nanoparticles. The isotopic fractionation of HCH isomers varied from -2.8 ± 0.5 to -7.0 ± 0.7 ‰ for carbon (εC), from not significant to -62.4 ± 5.2 ‰ for hydrogen (εH), and from -1.4 ± 0.2 to -4.7 ± 0.5 ‰ for chlorine (εCl), respectively. Dual C-Cl isotopic fractionation values (ΛC/Cl) for α-, β-, γ- and δ-HCH during the transformation by B12 were determined to be 2.0 ± 0.2, 1.5 ± 0.2, 1.1 ± 0.1, and 1.9 ± 0.3, respectively. The ΛC/Cl values of β- and δ-HCH in the reaction with Fe0 nanoparticles were found to be similar (1.9 ± 0.3 and 1.9 ± 0.2). However, the apparent kinetic isotope effect AKIEC/AKIECl values suggested that the bond cleavage mechanism of δ-HCH may differ from that of other isomers. The comparison of the angles θ by multi-element isotope plot showed a distinct differentiation between the pathways of anaerobic transformation of HCH isomers and aerobic pathways reported in the literature. Therefore, multi-element isotope analysis could offer a new perspective for characterizing the fate of HCH isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Steffen Kuemmel
- Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Langping Wu
- Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Ecometrix Incorporated, 6800 Campobello Road, Mississauga, ON L5N 2L8, Canada
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Isodetect GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu M, Liu Y, Xu J, He Y. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis for characterization of the transformation of γ-HCH induced by biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137729. [PMID: 36603676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The role of biochar as the redox catalyst in the removal of reductive pollutants from soil and water system has been extensively studied recently, but there is still a lack of qualitative description of its specific mechanisms in redox processes. In this study, the mechanism of biochar in the transformation process of γ-HCH under anoxic condition was revealed by the compound-specific isotope analysis. The concentration and carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of γ-HCH were detected in the treatments with different initial concentrations of γ-HCH and biochar materials with different redox properties and varied doses. The surface functional groups and electrochemical properties of biochar before and after the reaction were also characterized. The addition amount of biochar could affect the reduction of γ-HCH concentration, which were 59.1%, 34.6% and 22.4% in treatments with the addition of 5%, 1% and 0.2% biochar, respectively. Meanwhile, the δ13C value of γ-HCH also increased from -26.6 ± 0.2‰ to -23.8 ± 0.2‰ with the addition amount of biochar, especially in the treatment with 5% biochar. As evidenced by X-ray diffraction analysis and electrochemical analysis, biochar promoted the adsorption and transformation of γ-HCH simultaneously, and the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of biochar played an important role in the redox process. The isotopic fractionation value (εC) of γ-HCH transformation by biochar was first reported as -3.4 ± 0.4‰. The results will enable the quantitative description of the transformation degree of organic pollutants induced by biochar, and provide a new approach for evaluating the in-situ remediation effects of biochar in a complex environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis of Hexachlorocyclohexanes by Liquid–Liquid Extraction Gas Chromatography Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry: Method Evaluation and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092874. [PMID: 35566221 PMCID: PMC9102580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and enantiomer specific isotope analysis (ESIA) are powerful tools for assessing the fate of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in the environment. However, there is no systematic study on the CSIA and ESIA analysis test methods of the carbon isotopes of HCHs in water and soil environments, in particular the isotope fractionation in the pre-concentration process. We endeavored to test the compatibility of CSIA and ESIA with the liquid–liquid extraction method of HCHs in water. The results showed that there were negligible changes in the δ13C of HCHs after extraction, indicating that liquid–liquid extraction can be used as a pre-concentration method for the determination of δ13C of HCHs in water. The optimized method was validated and then applied to differentiate three HCHs from different manufacturers, to identify in situ degradation of HCHs of groundwater from a contaminated site and to resolve the carbon isotope fractionation occurring in the α-HCH oxidation by CaO2/Fe(II) Fenton system. The results showed that the same reagents from different manufacturers have different carbon isotope compositions, and different isomers from the same manufacturer also have different isotope compositions, showing useful evidence in identifying the source of HCHs. The more enriched δ13C in the down-gradient wells indicated that HCHs have undergone biodegradation or/and chemical reactions in the groundwater system of the site. Carbon isotopic enrichment factors (εC) of −1.90 ± 0.10‰ were obtained in the oxidation process. Hence, the method validated in this study has great potential as a method for identifying the degradation of HCHs in a water environment.
Collapse
|