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Dubourg G, Pavlović Z, Bajac B, Kukkar M, Finčur N, Novaković Z, Radović M. Advancement of metal oxide nanomaterials on agri-food fronts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172048. [PMID: 38580125 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The application of metal oxide nanomaterials (MOx NMs) in the agrifood industry offers innovative solutions that can facilitate a paradigm shift in a sector that is currently facing challenges in meeting the growing requirements for food production, while safeguarding the environment from the impacts of current agriculture practices. This review comprehensively illustrates recent advancements and applications of MOx for sustainable practices in the food and agricultural industries and environmental preservation. Relevant published data point out that MOx NMs can be tailored for specific properties, enabling advanced design concepts with improved features for various applications in the agrifood industry. Applications include nano-agrochemical formulation, control of food quality through nanosensors, and smart food packaging. Furthermore, recent research suggests MOx's vital role in addressing environmental challenges by removing toxic elements from contaminated soil and water. This mitigates the environmental effects of widespread agrichemical use and creates a more favorable environment for plant growth. The review also discusses potential barriers, particularly regarding MOx toxicity and risk evaluation. Fundamental concerns about possible adverse effects on human health and the environment must be addressed to establish an appropriate regulatory framework for nano metal oxide-based food and agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Dubourg
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Zoran Pavlović
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branimir Bajac
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Manil Kukkar
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nina Finčur
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorica Novaković
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marko Radović
- University of Novi Sad, Center for Sensor Technologies, Biosense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Gul M, Khan RS, Islam ZU, Khan S, Shumaila A, Umar S, Khan S, Brekhna, Zahoor M, Ditta A. Nanoparticles in plant resistance against bacterial pathogens: current status and future prospects. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:92. [PMID: 38194006 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) serve immense roles in various fields of science. They have vastly upgraded conventional methods in the fields of agriculture and food sciences to eliminate growing threats of crop damage and disease, caused by various phytopathogens including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and some insects. Bacterial diseases resulted in mass damage of crops by adopting antibacterial resistance, which has proved to be a major threat leading to food scarcity. Therefore, numerous NPs with antibacterial potentials have been formulated to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance alongside an increase in crop yield and boosting plant immunity. NPs synthesized through green synthesis techniques have proved to be more effective and environment-friendly than those synthesized via chemical methods. NPs exhibit great roles in plants ranging from enhanced crop yield to disease suppression, to targeted drug and pesticide deliveries inside the plants and acting as biosensors for pathogen detection. NPs serves major roles in disruption of cellular membranes, ROS production, altering of DNA and protein entities and changing energy transductions. This review focuses on the antibacterial effect of NPs on several plant bacterial pathogens, mostly, against Pseudomonas syringe, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Clavibacter michiganensisand Pantoea ananatis both in vivo and ex vivo, thereby minimizing their antibacterial resistance and enhancing the plants acquired immunity. Therefore, NPs present a safer and more reliable bactericidal activity against various disease-causing bacteria in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gul
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Raham Sher Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Zia Ul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sumayya Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amina Shumaila
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Umar
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sajad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Brekhna
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Upper Dir, 18000, Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Sangwan A, Gupta D, Singh OW, Roy A, Mukherjee SK, Mandal B, Singh N. Size variations of mesoporous silica nanoparticle control uptake efficiency and delivery of AC2-derived dsRNA for protection against tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1571-1587. [PMID: 37482559 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We report the size dependent uptake of dsRNA loaded MSNPs into the leaves and roots of Nicotiana benthamiana plants and accessed for their relative reduction in Tomato leaf curl New Delhi viral load. A non-GMO method of RNA interference (RNAi) has been recently in practice through direct delivery of double stranded RNA into the plant cells. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a bipartitie begomovirus, is a significant viral pathogen of many crops in the Indian subcontinent. Conventional RNAi cargo delivery strategies for instance uses viral vectors and Agrobacterium-facilitated delivery, exhibiting specific host responses from the plant system. In the present study, we synthesized three different sizes of amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (amino-MSNPs) to mediate the delivery of dsRNA derived from the AC2 (dsAC2) gene of ToLCNDV and showed that these dsRNA loaded nanoparticles enabled effective reduction in viral load. Furthermore, we demonstrate that amino-MSNPs protected the dsRNA molecules from nuclease degradation, while the complex was efficiently taken up by the leaves and roots of Nicotiana benthamiana. The real time gene expression evaluation showed that plants treated with nanoparticles of different sizes ~ 10 nm (MSNPDEA), ~ 32 nm (MSNPTEA) and ~ 66 nm (MSNPNH3) showed five-, eleven- and threefold reduction of ToLCNDV in N. benthamiana, respectively compared to the plants treated with naked dsRNA. This work clearly demonstrates the size dependent internalization of amino-MSNPs and relative efficacy in transporting dsRNA into the plant system, which will be useful in convenient topical treatment to protect plants against their pathogens including viruses. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with FITC, checked for its uptake into Nicotiana benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Sangwan
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Dipinte Gupta
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Oinam Washington Singh
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mukherjee
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bikash Mandal
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
- Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Fan G, Xiao Q, Li Q, Xia Y, Feng H, Ma X, Cai L, Sun X. Antimicrobial mechanisms of ZnO nanoparticles to phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae: Damage of cell envelope, suppression of metabolism, biofilm and motility, and stimulation of stomatal immunity on host plant. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105455. [PMID: 37532364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have recently been employed as a new strategy to act as bactericides in agricultural applications. However, the effects and mechanisms of foliar deposition of nanoparticles on bacterial pathogens, plant physiology and particularly plant immunity have not been sufficiently understood. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of ZnO NPs in controlling of tobacco wildfire caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, through the comprehensive analysis of biological changes of both bacteria and plants. The global gene expression changes of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci supported that the functions of "protein secretion", "membrane part", "signal transducer activity", "locomotion", "chemotaxis" and "taxis" in bacteria, as well as the metabolic pathways of "bacterial chemotaxis", "two-component system", "biofilm formation", "ABC transporters" and "valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation" were significantly down-regulated by ZnO NPs. Correspondingly, we reconfirmed that the cell envelope structure, biofilm and motility of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci were directly disrupted or suppressed by ZnO NPs. Different from completely killing Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, ZnO NPs (0.5 mg/mL) potentially improved plant growth and immunity through enzymatic activity and global molecular response analysis. Furthermore, the changes of gene expression in ABA signaling pathway, ABA concentration and stomatal aperture all supported that ZnO NPs can specifically stimulate stomatal immunity, which is important to defend bacterial infection. Taken together, we proposed that both the inhibition or damage of motility, biofilm, metabolisms, virulence and cell envelope on P. syringae pv. tabaci, and the activation of the stomatal immunity formed two-layered antibacterial mechanisms of ZnO NPs on phytopathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingli Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Scientific Utilization of Tobacco Resources, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Qian Li
- Henan Tobacco Company Nanyang City Co., Ltd, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Yinling Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lin Cai
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Cruz-Luna AR, Vásquez-López A, Rojas-Chávez H, Valdés-Madrigal MA, Cruz-Martínez H, Medina DI. Engineered Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Fungicides for Plant Disease Control. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2461. [PMID: 37447021 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles are considered to be good alternatives as fungicides for plant disease control. To date, numerous metal oxide nanoparticles have been produced and evaluated as promising antifungal agents. Consequently, a detailed and critical review on the use of mono-, bi-, and tri-metal oxide nanoparticles for controlling phytopathogenic fungi is presented. Among the studied metal oxide nanoparticles, mono-metal oxide nanoparticles-particularly ZnO nanoparticles, followed by CuO nanoparticles -are the most investigated for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. Limited studies have investigated the use of bi- and tri-metal oxide nanoparticles for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. Therefore, more studies on these nanoparticles are required. Most of the evaluations have been carried out under in vitro conditions. Thus, it is necessary to develop more detailed studies under in vivo conditions. Interestingly, biological synthesis of nanoparticles has been established as a good alternative to produce metal oxide nanoparticles for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. Although there have been great advances in the use of metal oxide nanoparticles as novel antifungal agents for sustainable agriculture, there are still areas that require further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida R Cruz-Luna
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-OAXACA, Hornos Núm 1003, Col. Noche Buena, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca 71230, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Vásquez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-OAXACA, Hornos Núm 1003, Col. Noche Buena, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca 71230, Mexico
| | - Hugo Rojas-Chávez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tláhuac II, Camino Real 625, Alcaldía Tláhuac, Ciudad de México 13550, Mexico
| | - Manuel A Valdés-Madrigal
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo, Av. Ing. Carlos Rojas Gutiérrez 2120, Fracc. Valle de la Herradura, Ciudad Hidalgo 61100, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Cruz-Martínez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Etla, Abasolo S/N, Barrio del Agua Buena, Santiago Suchilquitongo, Oaxaca 68230, Mexico
| | - Dora I Medina
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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Yadav A, Yadav K, Ahmad R, Abd-Elsalam KA. Emerging Frontiers in Nanotechnology for Precision Agriculture: Advancements, Hurdles and Prospects. AGROCHEMICALS 2023; 2:220-256. [DOI: 10.3390/agrochemicals2020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides an extensive overview of the emerging frontiers of nanotechnology in precision agriculture, highlighting recent advancements, hurdles, and prospects. The benefits of nanotechnology in this field include the development of advanced nanomaterials for enhanced seed germination and micronutrient supply, along with the alleviation of biotic and abiotic stress. Further, nanotechnology-based fertilizers and pesticides can be delivered in lower dosages, which reduces environmental impacts and human health hazards. Another significant advantage lies in introducing cutting-edge nanodiagnostic systems and nanobiosensors that monitor soil quality parameters, plant diseases, and stress, all of which are critical for precision agriculture. Additionally, this technology has demonstrated potential in reducing agro-waste, synthesizing high-value products, and using methods and devices for tagging, monitoring, and tracking agroproducts. Alongside these developments, cloud computing and smartphone-based biosensors have emerged as crucial data collection and analysis tools. Finally, this review delves into the economic, legal, social, and risk implications of nanotechnology in agriculture, which must be thoroughly examined for the technology’s widespread adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, District Banaskantha, Gujarat 385506, India
| | - Kusum Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
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Ahmed FK, Alghuthaymi MA, Abd-Elsalam KA, Ravichandran M, Kalia A. Nano-Based Robotic Technologies for Plant Disease Diagnosis. NANOROBOTICS AND NANODIAGNOSTICS IN INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE 2023:327-359. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-16084-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Siddiqui MH, Kalaji HM, Zhang Z, Ma X. Nanoparticles in environment and plant system: A boon or bane. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136320. [PMID: 36075359 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090, Raszyn, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 918, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingmao Ma
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
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Bhattacharjee R, Kumar L, Mukerjee N, Anand U, Dhasmana A, Preetam S, Bhaumik S, Sihi S, Pal S, Khare T, Chattopadhyay S, El-Zahaby SA, Alexiou A, Koshy EP, Kumar V, Malik S, Dey A, Proćków J. The emergence of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) as a phytomedicine: A two-facet role in plant growth, nano-toxicity and anti-phyto-microbial activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113658. [PMID: 36162370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) has recently emerged as an area of high interest owing to the rapid surge of AMR phenotypes. Metal oxide NPs (MeONPs) have been identified as novel phytomedicine and have recently peaked a lot of interest due to their potential applications in combating phytopathogens, besides enhancing plant growth and yields. Numerous MeONPs (Ti2O, MgO, CuO, Ag2O, SiO2, ZnO, and CaO) have been synthesized and tested to validate their antimicrobial roles without causing toxicity to the cells. This review discusses the application of the MeONPs with special emphasis on anti-microbial activities in agriculture and enlists how cellular toxicity caused through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production affects plant growth, morphology, and viability. This review further highlights the two-facet role of silver and copper oxide NPs including their anti-microbial applications and toxicities. Furthermore, the factor modulating nanotoxicity and immunomodulation for cytokine production has also been discussed. Thus, this article will not only provide the researchers with the potential bottlenecks but also emphasizes a comprehensive outline of breakthroughs in the applicability of MeONPs in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharjee
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Lamha Kumar
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata 700118, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archna Dhasmana
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Doiwala, Dehradun 248016, India
| | - Subham Preetam
- Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Samudra Bhaumik
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjana Sihi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjana Pal
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Soham Chattopadhyay
- Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, Kolkata 700013, West Bengal, India
| | - Sally A El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW2770, Australia & AFNP Med, Wien 1030, Austria
| | - Eapen P Koshy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India.
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland.
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