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Majeed A, Ibrahim AH, Al-Rawi SS, Iqbal MA, Kashif M, Yousif M, Abidin ZU, Ali S, Arbaz M, Hussain SA. Green Organo-Photooxidative Method for the Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12069-12083. [PMID: 38496983 PMCID: PMC10938592 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study used an organophoto-oxidative material to degrade the toxic azo dye, methylene blue (MB), due to its hazardous effects on aquatic life and humans. MB is traditionally degraded using metal-based catalysts, resulting in high costs. Several organic acids were screened for organo-photooxidative applications against various azo dyes, and ascorbic acid (AA), also known as vitamin C, was found to be best for degradation due to its high photooxidative activity. It is an eco-friendly, edible, and efficient photooxidative material. A photocatalytic box has been developed for the study of organo-photooxidative activity. It was found that when AA was added, degradation efficiency increased from 42 to 95% within 240 min. Different characterization techniques, such as HPLC and GC-MS, were used after degradation for the structural elucidation of degraded products. DFT study was done for the investigation of the mechanistic study behind the degradation process. A statistical tool, RSM, was used for the optimization of parameters (concentration of dye, catalyst, and time). This study develops sustainable and effective solutions for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Majeed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad H. Ibrahim
- Pharmacy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International
University, 100Mt. St, Near Baz Intersection, Erbil, KRG, Iraq
| | - Sawsan S. Al-Rawi
- Biology
Education Department, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, 100Mt. St, Near Baz Intersection, Erbil, KRG, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad38000, Pakistan
- Synthetic
Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department
of Mathematics and Statistics, University
of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yousif
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad38000, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abidin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzaib Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arbaz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Arslan Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad38000, Pakistan
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Norouzi A, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A. Synergistic photocatalytic effect of α-Fe 2O 3-ZnO binary nanocatalyst toward methylene blue: An experimental design study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123888. [PMID: 38241932 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Due to the potential ecosystem protection and management applications, searching for highly optimized semiconductor-based solar energy photocatalysts is still a significant challenge. Coupled α-Fe2O3-ZnO nanoparticles were prepared in situ and characterized by various identification techniques such as XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, DRS, and FT-IR. Its pHpzc was about 8.1. The band gap energies of ZnO, α-Fe2O3, and the coupled α-Fe2O3-ZnO system were 3.22, 2.08, and 2.09 eV, respectively. The boosted photocatalytic activity of the coupled catalysts was designed via the RSM approach, and the optimal RSM conditions were pH 5, 25 min irradiation time, and 0.3 g/L of the α-Fe2O3-ZnO containing 75 % ZnO. The center point conditions' run included 0.5 g/L of the coupled catalyst containing 50 % ZnO, pH 7, and 22.5 min illumination time. The study on scavenger agents showed the highest role of hydroxyl radicals in MB photodegradation by the proposed catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Norouzi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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