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Manaenkov O, Nikoshvili L, Bykov A, Kislitsa O, Grigoriev M, Sulman M, Matveeva V, Kiwi-Minsker L. An Overview of Heterogeneous Catalysts Based on Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene for the Synthesis and Transformation of Platform Chemicals Derived from Biomass. Molecules 2023; 28:8126. [PMID: 38138614 PMCID: PMC10745566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Platform chemicals, also known as chemical building blocks, are substances that serve as starting materials for the synthesis of various value-added products, which find a wide range of applications. These chemicals are the key ingredients for many fine and specialty chemicals. Most of the transformations of platform chemicals are catalytic processes, which should meet the requirements of sustainable chemistry: to be not toxic for humans, to be safe for the environment, and to allow multiple reuses of catalytic materials. This paper presents an overview of a new class of heterogeneous catalysts based on nanoparticles of catalytically active metals stabilized by a polymer matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS). This polymeric support is characterized by hierarchical porosity (including meso- and macropores along with micropores), which is important both for the formation of metal nanoparticles and for efficient mass transfer of reactants. The influence of key parameters such as the morphology of nanoparticles (bimetallic versus monometallic) and the presence of functional groups in the polymer matrix on the catalytic properties is considered. Emphasis is placed on the use of this class of heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of plant polysaccharides into polyols (sorbitol, mannitol, and glycols), hydrogenation of levulinic acid, furfural, oxidation of disaccharides, and some other reactions that might be useful for large-scale industrial processes that aim to be sustainable. Some challenges related to the use of HPS-based catalysts are addressed and multiple perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Manaenkov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Linda Nikoshvili
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Alexey Bykov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Olga Kislitsa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Maxim Grigoriev
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Mikhail Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Valentina Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Lioubov Kiwi-Minsker
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC-FSB-EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hydrolytic Oxidation of Cellobiose Using Catalysts Containing Noble Metals. REACTIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the processes of the hydrolytic oxidation of disaccharides are the first step towards the development of technologies for the direct conversion of plant polysaccharides, primarily cellulose, into aldonic and aldaric acids, which are widely used in chemical synthesis and various industries. In this study, heterogeneous catalysts based on a porous matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) and noble metals (Pt, Au, Ru, and Pd) were proposed for the hydrolytic oxidation of cellobiose to gluconic and glucaric acids. The catalysts were characterized using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, hydrogen chemisorption, electron microscopy, and other methods. In particular, it was shown that the Pt-containing catalyst contained, on average, six times more active centers on the surface, which made it more promising for use in this reaction. At a temperature of 145 °C, an O2 pressure of 5 bars, and a substrate/catalyst weight ratio of 4/1, the yields of gluconic and glucaric acids reached 21.6 and 63.4%, respectively. Based on the data obtained, the mathematical model of the cellobiose hydrolytic oxidation kinetics in the presence of 3% Pt/HPS MN270 was developed, and the parameter estimation was carried out. The formal description of the kinetics of cellobiose hydrolytic oxidation was obtained.
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Dutta S, Bhat NS. Chemocatalytic value addition of glucose without carbon-carbon bond cleavage/formation reactions: an overview. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4891-4912. [PMID: 35425469 PMCID: PMC8981328 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As the monomeric unit of the abundant biopolymer cellulose, glucose is considered a sustainable feedstock for producing carbon-based transportation fuels, chemicals, and polymers. The chemocatalytic value addition of glucose can be broadly classified into those involving C-C bond cleavage/formation reactions and those without. The C6 products obtained from glucose are particularly satisfying because their syntheses enjoy a 100% carbon economy. Although multiple derivatives of glucose retaining all six carbon atoms in their moiety are well-documented, they are somewhat dispersed in the literature and never delineated coherently from the perspective of their carbon skeleton. The glucose-derived chemical intermediates discussed in this review include polyols like sorbitol and sorbitan, diols like isosorbide, furanic compounds like 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, and carboxylic acids like gluconic acid. Recent advances in producing the intermediates mentioned above from glucose following chemocatalytic routes have been elaborated, and their derivative chemistry highlighted. This review aims to comprehensively understand the prospects and challenges associated with the catalytic synthesis of C6 molecules from glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal Mangalore-575025 Karnataka India
| | - Navya Subray Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal Mangalore-575025 Karnataka India
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Azeotropes as Powerful Tool for Waste Minimization in Industry and Chemical Processes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225264. [PMID: 33198101 PMCID: PMC7698242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming for more sustainable chemical production requires an urgent shift towards synthetic approaches designed for waste minimization. In this context the use of azeotropes can be an effective tool for “recycling” and minimizing the large volumes of solvents, especially in aqueous mixtures, used. This review discusses the implementation of different kinds of azeotropic mixtures in relation to the environmental and economic benefits linked to their recovery and re-use. Examples of the use of azeotropes playing a role in the process performance and in the purification steps maximizing yields while minimizing waste. Where possible, the advantages reported have been highlighted by using E-factor calculations. Lastly azeotrope potentiality in waste valorization to afford value-added materials is given.
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Iglesias J, Martínez-Salazar I, Maireles-Torres P, Martin Alonso D, Mariscal R, López Granados M. Advances in catalytic routes for the production of carboxylic acids from biomass: a step forward for sustainable polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5704-5771. [PMID: 32658221 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Polymers are ubiquitously present in our daily life because they can meet a wide range of needs and fields of applications. This success, based on an irresponsible linear consumption of plastics and the access to cheap oil, is creating serious environmental problems. Two lines of actions are needed to cope with them: to adopt a circular consumption of plastics and to produce renewable carbon-neutral monomers. This review analyses the recent advances in the chemocatalytic processes for producing biomass-derived carboxylic acids. These renewable carboxylic acids are involved in the synthesis of relevant general purpose and specialty polyesters and polyamides; some of them are currently derived from oil, while others can become surrogates of petrochemical polymers due to their excellent performance properties. Polyesters and polyamides are very suitable to be depolymerised to other valuable chemicals or to their constituent monomers, what facilitates the circular reutilisation of these monomers. Different types of carboxylic acids have been included in this review: monocarboxylic acids (like glycolic, lactic, hydroxypropanoic, methyl vinyl glycolic, methyl-4-methoxy-2-hydroxybutanoic, 2,5-dihydroxypent-3-enoic, 2,5,6-trihydroxyhex-3-enoic acids, diphenolic, acrylic and δ-amino levulinic acids), dicarboxylic acids (2,5-furandicarboxylic, maleic, succinic, adipic and terephthalic acids) and sugar acids (like gluconic and glucaric acids). The review evaluates the technology status and the advantages and drawbacks of each route in terms of feedstock, reaction pathways, catalysts and economic and environmental evaluation. The prospects and the new research that should be undertaken to overcome the main problems threatening their economic viability or the weaknesses that prevent their commercial implementation have also been underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iglesias
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipan, s/n, Mostoles, Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - I Martínez-Salazar
- EQS Group (Sustainable Energy and Chemistry Group), Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC), C/Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Maireles-Torres
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografia y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - D Martin Alonso
- Glucan Biorenewables LLC, Madison, WI 53719, USA and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - R Mariscal
- EQS Group (Sustainable Energy and Chemistry Group), Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC), C/Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M López Granados
- EQS Group (Sustainable Energy and Chemistry Group), Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC), C/Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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