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Pflanz CP, Künzi M, Gallacher J, Bauermeister S. Distress and neuroticism as mediators of the effect of childhood and adulthood adversity on cognitive performance in the UK Biobank study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8108. [PMID: 38582859 PMCID: PMC10998912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood adversity and adulthood adversity affect cognition later in life. However, the mechanism through which adversity exerts these effects on cognition remains under-researched. We aimed to investigate if the effect of adversity on cognition was mediated by distress or neuroticism. The UK Biobank is a large, population-based, cohort study designed to investigate risk factors of cognitive health. Here, data were analysed using a cross-sectional design. Structural equation models were fitted to the data with childhood adversity or adulthood adversity as independent variables, distress and neuroticism as mediators and executive function and processing speed as latent dependent variables that were derived from the cognitive scores in the UK Biobank. Complete data were available for 64,051 participants in the childhood adversity model and 63,360 participants in the adulthood adversity model. Childhood adversity did not show a direct effect on processing speed. The effect of childhood adversity on executive function was partially mediated by distress and neuroticism. The effects of adulthood adversity on executive function and processing speed were both partially mediated by distress and neuroticism. In conclusion, distress and neuroticism mediated the deleterious effect of childhood and adulthood adversity on cognition and may provide a mechanism underlying the deleterious consequences of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Patrick Pflanz
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Morgane Künzi
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Centre the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John Gallacher
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Sarah Bauermeister
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
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2
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García-Rico MA, Ricarte JJ, Jimeno MV, Latorre JM. Role of psychopathology on children credibility of sexual abuse testimony. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2024; 94:101972. [PMID: 38460237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
When an alleged victim has a pre-existing psychopathological diagnosis, this can affect the rating of their version of the abuse in terms of credibility. The objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between the assessment of the credibility of the testimony of a CSA victim, the psychological problems that the child may have presented prior to sexual abuse and the possible psychological sequelae that she may present as a result of the abuse. 109 cases were selected in which the credibility of the testimony could be determined. Through forensic interviews and the study of the corresponding professional reports, the following were obtained: sociodemographic data, data on their previous psychological state and data on their psychological state after the reported events. The psychological state of the child after the reported events shows no relation to the forensic evaluation of the credibility of her testimony. The existence of a relationship between the absence of previous psychopathology and the fact that the victim's testimony is valued as a credible account is confirmed. This study reveals that children who presented psychological manifestations prior to their experience of abuse receive a lower credibility rating than those without previous psychopathological symptoms or diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A García-Rico
- Equipo Psicosocial-Unidad Forense de Valoración Integral, Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Albacete, Cuenca y Guadalajara. Subdirección de Cuenca. Ministerio de Justicia, Spain
| | - Jorge J Ricarte
- Unidad de Psicología Cognitiva Aplicada, IDINE, Spain; Facultad de Educación de Albacete, Spain
| | - María V Jimeno
- Unidad de Psicología Cognitiva Aplicada, IDINE, Spain; Facultad de Derecho de Albacete, Spain.
| | - José M Latorre
- Unidad de Psicología Cognitiva Aplicada, IDINE, Spain; Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Spain
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Lim YY, Wahab S, Kumar J, Ibrahim F, Kamaluddin MR. Typologies and Psychological Profiles of Child Sexual Abusers: An Extensive Review. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050333. [PMID: 33922985 PMCID: PMC8146192 DOI: 10.3390/children8050333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse is a public health issue that has been associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. Child sexual abusers constitute a heterogeneous population of individuals. This review lays out an overview of the current understanding of typologies and psychological profiles of child sexual abusers. Typologies of child sexual abusers in general and online child sexual abusers are reviewed to summarise the existing knowledge. Psychological traits including personality traits, cognitive distortion, empathy, and impulsivity are examined to provide a wider perspective of the psycho-criminogenic factors of child sexual abuse. Although past research on child sexual abusers has provided insights into the organisation and classification of different types of child sexual abusers, the classification of these typologies has drawn widespread criticisms. In this review, we discuss the challenges and limitations pertaining to the existing typologies and studies related to the psychological profile of child sexual abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Yeong Lim
- Department of Early Childhood Studies, Faculty of Creative Industries, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Suzaily Wahab
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Fauziah Ibrahim
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-89213923 (ext. 8923); Fax: +60-3-8921-3541
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Hemmati A, Newton-Howes G, Falahi S, Mostafavi S, Colarusso CA, Komasi S. Personality Pathology among Adults with History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Study of the Relevance of DSM-5 Proposed Traits and Psychobiological Features of Temperament and Character. Indian J Psychol Med 2021; 43:135-143. [PMID: 34376889 PMCID: PMC8313448 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620928813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main aim of this study was to determine whether childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is reflected in the pathological traits of the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) in section-III of DSM-5 and Cloninger's temperament and character profiles. METHODS The Persian versions of Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125), and Structured Clinical Inventory for DSM-IV-TR-Axis II-Screening Questionnaire (SCID-II-SQ) were administered to 43 Iranian college students who reported a history of CSA and 390 participants who did not. Bivariate Pearson correlations and general linear model repeated measures (GLMRM) were used to compare results. RESULTS Bivariate correlations indicated that both the PID-5 and TCI-125 were significantly associated with their relevant personality disorders. Profile analysis showed that the pathological trait domains of the PID-5, except for negative affectivity, were significantly greater in those with an experience of CSA. Of the seven dimensions of TCI-125, novelty seeking and persistence were higher in those with an experience of CSA, but reward dependence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness were lower. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed a correlation between CSA and personality dysfunction. The pattern of dysfunction was complex and somewhat different from the two facet measures used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Hemmati
- Dept of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Giles Newton-Howes
- Dept of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Shafea Falahi
- Dept of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Saeid Komasi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Larsen SE, Larson ER, Hunt JC, Lorber WG, deRoon-Cassini TA. Interaction Between Psychiatric Symptoms and History of Mild TBI When Evaluating Postconcussion Syndrome in Veterans. Mil Med 2020; 185:161-167. [PMID: 31498405 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Symptoms of postconcussive syndrome (PCS) after mild TBI (mTBI) have been shown to resolve quickly, yet new research raises questions about possible long-term effects of this condition. It is not clear how best to address assessment and treatment when someone reports lingering symptoms of PCS. One self-report measure used by the VA and the DoD is the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), but this measure may be affected by underlying psychiatric symptoms. We investigated whether the NSI is sensitive to mTBI after considering a number of psychiatric and demographic factors. METHODS This study examined which factors are associated with NSI scores in a Veteran sample (n = 741) that had recently returned from deployment. RESULTS Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression accounted for most of the variance on the NSI. Although history of mTBI was initially related to NSI, this association was no longer significant after other covariates were considered. CONCLUSIONS The NSI score was primarily explained by symptoms of PTSD and depression, suggesting that the NSI is not specific to the experience of a brain injury. We recommend cautious interpretation when this measure is used in the chronic phase after mTBI, especially among patients with comorbid depression or PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie E Larsen
- Division of Mental Health, Milwaukee VA Medical Center, 5000 W, National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53295.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 1155 N, Mayfair Road, Wauwatosa, WI 53226
| | - Eric R Larson
- Division of Mental Health, Milwaukee VA Medical Center, 5000 W, National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53295.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 1155 N, Mayfair Road, Wauwatosa, WI 53226
| | - Joshua C Hunt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma & Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W, Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226 Larsen SE, Lorber W, and deRoon-Cassini TA, Are TBI symptoms specific to TBI?, Poster presented at the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Thirty-first Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA, 11/2015. Hunt JC, Larsen SE, Larson ER, Lorber WG, and deRoon-Cassini TA. Interaction between psychiatric symptoms and history of mild TBI when evaluating postconcussion syndrome in Veterans, Poster presented at the annual Military Health Research Symposium in Kissimmee, FL, 08/2018. Abstract number MHSRS-18-0593-TBI
| | - William G Lorber
- Division of Mental Health, Milwaukee VA Medical Center, 5000 W, National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53295.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 1155 N, Mayfair Road, Wauwatosa, WI 53226
| | - Terri A deRoon-Cassini
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma & Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W, Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226 Larsen SE, Lorber W, and deRoon-Cassini TA, Are TBI symptoms specific to TBI?, Poster presented at the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Thirty-first Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA, 11/2015. Hunt JC, Larsen SE, Larson ER, Lorber WG, and deRoon-Cassini TA. Interaction between psychiatric symptoms and history of mild TBI when evaluating postconcussion syndrome in Veterans, Poster presented at the annual Military Health Research Symposium in Kissimmee, FL, 08/2018. Abstract number MHSRS-18-0593-TBI
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Stoll CB, Boillat C, Pflueger MO, Graf M, Rosburg T. Psychopathy, Neuroticism, and Abusive Behavior in Low Risk Child Sex Offenders. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2019; 28:990-1006. [PMID: 31225780 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2019.1630880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Personality traits are considered as an important aspect in the assessment of child sex offenders (CSOs). The current study sought to elucidate the association between neuroticism, psychopathy, and abusive behavior in low risk CSOs. 43 pedophilic CSOs and 21 controls (CTLs) completed the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R), Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV), and Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI). Our results revealed small differences in PCL scores between CSOs and CTLs, with comparatively low levels of psychopathy in both groups. Higher levels of neuroticism were associated with higher PCL scores, in both CSOs and CTLs. However, higher PCL scores in CSOs did not correlate with higher MSI total scores on the subscale child molest. These findings suggest an ambiguous role of psychopathy in CSOs: higher levels of psychopathy co-occur with higher levels of neuroticism, but psychopathy does apparently not modulate abusive behavior, at least not in low risk offenders, as currently investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric B Stoll
- Forensics Department, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Boillat
- Forensics Department, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marlon O Pflueger
- Forensics Department, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Graf
- Forensics Department, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Rosburg
- Forensics Department, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Allen MS. The Role of Personality in Sexual and Reproductive Health. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721419862293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests that sexual behavior and reproductive success can be predicted by personality traits. Here, I review new studies that have contributed to the understanding of these associations and outline potential avenues for further research. Findings show that extraversion is the most important personality trait in sexual behavior (number of lifetime sexual partners, involvement in casual sex, marital infidelity, condom use, male and female sexual dysfunction, sexual coercion, and sexual harassment) and that neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are also associated with these outcomes. Extraversion has emerged as the most important personality trait for fertility in men but appears relatively unimportant for fertility in women. Findings for other personality traits are somewhat mixed, probably because of variations in research design, and further prospective studies are recommended to address potential bidirectional associations. Further research is also needed in adolescent samples, in understudied topic areas (e.g., sexually transmitted infections, biomarkers of fertility), and on personality similarity between sexual partners in samples from both poor and developed nations.
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Boillat C, Deuring G, Pflueger MO, Graf M, Rosburg T. Neuroticism in child sex offenders and its association with sexual dysfunctions, cognitive distortions, and psychological complaints. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2017; 54:83-89. [PMID: 28595809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies in child sex offenders (CSO) often report deviant personality characteristics. In our study, we investigated neuroticism in CSO and tested the hypothesis that CSO with high neuroticism show more serious abuse behavior and are more likely to exhibit sexual dysfunction and cognitive distortions, as compared to CSO with low neuroticism. A sample of 40 CSO (both child sexual abusers and child sexual material users) was split into two subsamples based on their neuroticism scores, obtained by the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) questionnaire. Subsequently, we compared their scores in the Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI) questionnaire and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Our results show that CSO exhibited higher levels of neuroticism than controls, but were still in the normal range. In CSO, neuroticism was associated with sexual dysfunction and cognitive distortions, rather than with more severe abuse behavior. Moreover, neuroticism in this group was linked to a broad range of psychological problems and psychopathological symptoms, such as somatization or anxiety. Our findings suggest that neuroticism even below the level of personality disorder is associated with a broader range of psychological problems in CSO, which should be addressed in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Boillat
- University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gunnar Deuring
- University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marlon O Pflueger
- University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Graf
- University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Timm Rosburg
- University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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