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Cohen N, Katz C. What Messages Are Communicated to Children in Maltreatment Prevention Programs? Conclusions of a Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:15-28. [PMID: 34000916 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211016012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a worldwide consensus that the prevention of child maltreatment (CM) is critical in promoting children's safety. Furthermore, a significant part of the prevention efforts targets the children themselves. This scoping review aimed to map the characteristics of CM prevention programs that targeted children by examining studies that described the relevant implemented programs, published in peer-reviewed journals over the last decade. Thirty-one relevant manuscripts were identified from the online databases. The analysis, guided by scoping review guidelines, examined these programs in terms of content, context of delivery, and practitioners involved. A thematic analysis identified the key messages conveyed to the children. The findings showed that the vast majority of programs are school-based and focused on preventing child sexual abuse (CSA) with considerably less attention given to other forms of maltreatment. In addition, most programs did not promote active parental participation. The content descriptions of the CSA prevention programs revealed several common key messages that focused on children's individual safety skills, specifically recognition, refusal strategies, and disclosure. The discussion addresses the concepts of blame and guilt as crucial to rethinking the CM prevention messages conveyed to children. Key conclusions that were drawn from the current scoping review highlight the need to better align prevention efforts and recent CM research. Additionally, ceiling effects in several studies indicated that children's participation, as information sources and partners in program development, should be promoted, so that prevention efforts will meet their needs within their various relevant life contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Cohen
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, 26745Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Carmit Katz
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, 26745Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Jo H, Kim N, Yoon E. Introducing Korean adolescent counselling systems: Implications for future directions. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Jo
- Inje University Gimhae Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Behavioral Sciences New York Institute of Technology – Manhattan Campus New York New York USA
| | - Eunhui Yoon
- Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
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Bustamante G, Andrade MS, Mikesell C, Cullen C, Endara P, Burneo V, Yépez P, Avila Saavedra S, Ponce P, Grunauer M. "I have the right to feel safe": Evaluation of a school-based child sexual abuse prevention program in Ecuador. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 91:31-40. [PMID: 30822629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a complex public health problem that has lifelong implications for children's wellbeing. Interventions may provide children strategies to protect themselves against CSA, but few have been studied in Latin America. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the immediate and medium-term impact of a 10-week educational program on children's knowledge of CSA self-protection strategies in Ecuador. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS Children aged 7-12 years from six public elementary schools in Ecuador were cluster-randomized to either receive the intervention between October and November 2016 (Group 1, k = 4) or between March and April 2017 (Group 2, k = 2). METHODS To assess CSA knowledge, a random sample of students completed a questionnaire at three time points: 1) initial: before any group received the intervention, 2) intermediate: immediately after Group 1 completed the program but before Group 2 started it, and 3) final: after Group 2 completed the program. We evaluated changes in scores using mixed linear regression models with school as a clustering variable and adjusted degrees of freedom (df = 4). RESULTS Pre-post effect estimates at program completion adjusted for age, sex and clustering by school were 6.5% (95% CI: 2.9, 10.0) and 6.8% (95% CI 3.0, 10.7) for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Scores did not change among children who had not yet received the intervention at intermediate evaluation (0.94%, 95%CI: -6.0, 7.9). Children in Group 1 maintained the scores six months after the program ended. CONCLUSIONS The self-protection program increased and maintained CSA knowledge six months after the intervention finished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bustamante
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito-School of Medicine, Edificio de Especialidades Médicas, Hospital de los Valles, Av. Interoceánica Km 12 ½, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador; University of Minnesota-School of Public Health, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - María Soledad Andrade
- Fundación Azulado, Río San Pedro E4-226 y Río Chiche, El Arenal - Tumbaco, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Caley Mikesell
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito-School of Medicine, Edificio de Especialidades Médicas, Hospital de los Valles, Av. Interoceánica Km 12 ½, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Clara Cullen
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito-School of Medicine, Edificio de Especialidades Médicas, Hospital de los Valles, Av. Interoceánica Km 12 ½, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Pablo Endara
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito-School of Medicine, Edificio de Especialidades Médicas, Hospital de los Valles, Av. Interoceánica Km 12 ½, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Verónica Burneo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito-School of Medicine, Edificio de Especialidades Médicas, Hospital de los Valles, Av. Interoceánica Km 12 ½, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Paola Yépez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito-School of Medicine, Edificio de Especialidades Médicas, Hospital de los Valles, Av. Interoceánica Km 12 ½, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Soledad Avila Saavedra
- Fundación Azulado, Río San Pedro E4-226 y Río Chiche, El Arenal - Tumbaco, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Paulina Ponce
- Fundación Azulado, Río San Pedro E4-226 y Río Chiche, El Arenal - Tumbaco, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Michelle Grunauer
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito-School of Medicine, Edificio de Especialidades Médicas, Hospital de los Valles, Av. Interoceánica Km 12 ½, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador; Fundación Azulado, Río San Pedro E4-226 y Río Chiche, El Arenal - Tumbaco, Quito, Ecuador.
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