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Iitani K, Mori H, Ichikawa K, Toma K, Arakawa T, Iwasaki Y, Mitsubayashi K. Gas-Phase Biosensors (Bio-Sniffers) for Measurement of 2-Nonenal, the Causative Volatile Molecule of Human Aging-Related Body Odor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5857. [PMID: 37447706 DOI: 10.3390/s23135857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecule 2-nonenal is renowned as the origin of unpleasant human aging-related body odor that can potentially indicate age-related metabolic changes. Most 2-nonenal measurements rely on chromatographic analytical systems, which pose challenges in terms of daily usage and the ability to track changes in concentration over time. In this study, we have developed liquid- and gas-phase biosensors (bio-sniffers) with the aim of enabling facile and continuous measurement of trans-2-nonenal vapor. Initially, we compared two types of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)]-dependent enzymes that have the catalytic ability of trans-2-nonenal: aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and enone reductase 1 (ER1). The developed sensor quantified the trans-2-nonanal concentration by measuring fluorescence (excitation: 340 nm, emission: 490 nm) emitted from NAD(P)H that was generated or consumed by ALDH or ER1. The ALDH biosensor reacted to a variety of aldehydes including trans-2-nonenal, whereas the ER1 biosensor showed high selectivity. In contrast, the ALDH bio-sniffer showed quantitative characteristics for trans-2-nonenal vapor at a concentration range of 0.4-7.5 ppm (with a theoretical limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.23 and 0.26 ppm, respectively), including a reported concentration (0.85-4.35 ppm), whereas the ER1 bio-sniffer detected only 0.4 and 0.8 ppm. Based on these findings, headspace gas of skin-wiped alcohol-absorbed cotton collected from study participants in their 20s and 50s was measured by the ALDH bio-sniffer. Consequently, age-related differences in signals were observed, suggesting the potential for measuring trans-2-nonenal vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Iitani
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Mori
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Ichikawa
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Koji Toma
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arakawa
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Kohji Mitsubayashi
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Methner Y, Dancker P, Maier R, Latorre M, Hutzler M, Zarnkow M, Steinhaus M, Libkind D, Frank S, Jacob F. Influence of Varying Fermentation Parameters of the Yeast Strain Cyberlindnera saturnus on the Concentrations of Selected Flavor Components in Non-Alcoholic Beer Focusing on (E)-β-Damascenone. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071038. [PMID: 35407125 PMCID: PMC8997441 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversification of beer flavor is becoming increasingly popular, especially in the field of non-alcoholic beers, where sales are growing steadily. While flavor substances of traditional beers can largely be traced back to defined secondary metabolites, the production of non-alcoholic beers with non-Saccharomyces yeasts generates novel fruity flavors, some of which cannot yet be assigned to specific flavor substances. In a recently published study, besides pear, cool mint sweets, and banana-like flavor, distinctive red berry and apple flavors were perceived in a non-alcoholic beer fermented with the yeast strain Cyberlindnera saturnus TUM 247, whose secondary metabolites were to be elucidated in this study. The trials were carried out using response surface methodology to examine the fermentation properties of the yeast strain and to optimize the beer with maximum fruitiness but minimal off-flavors and ethanol content. It turned out that a low pitching rate, a moderate fermentation temperature, and an original gravity of 10.5 °P gave the optimal parameters. Qualitative analysis of the secondary metabolites, in addition to standard analysis for traditional beers, was first performed using headspace-gas chromatography with olfactometry. (E)-β-damascenone emerged as the decisive substance for the red berry and apple flavor and so this substance was then quantitated. Although (E)-β-damascenone is a well-known secondary metabolite in beer and this substance is associated with apple or cooked apple- and berry-like flavors, it has not yet been reported as a main flavor component in non-alcoholic beers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Methner
- Research Center Weihenstephan for Brewing and Food Quality, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 3, 85354 Freising, Germany; (Y.M.); (P.D.); (M.H.); (F.J.)
| | - Philipp Dancker
- Research Center Weihenstephan for Brewing and Food Quality, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 3, 85354 Freising, Germany; (Y.M.); (P.D.); (M.H.); (F.J.)
| | - Robin Maier
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.M.); (M.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Mailen Latorre
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET—Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche CP8400, Argentina; (M.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Mathias Hutzler
- Research Center Weihenstephan for Brewing and Food Quality, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 3, 85354 Freising, Germany; (Y.M.); (P.D.); (M.H.); (F.J.)
| | - Martin Zarnkow
- Research Center Weihenstephan for Brewing and Food Quality, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 3, 85354 Freising, Germany; (Y.M.); (P.D.); (M.H.); (F.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-8161-71-3530
| | - Martin Steinhaus
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.M.); (M.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Diego Libkind
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET—Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche CP8400, Argentina; (M.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Stephanie Frank
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.M.); (M.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Fritz Jacob
- Research Center Weihenstephan for Brewing and Food Quality, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 3, 85354 Freising, Germany; (Y.M.); (P.D.); (M.H.); (F.J.)
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Simkin AJ. Carotenoids and Apocarotenoids in Planta: Their Role in Plant Development, Contribution to the Flavour and Aroma of Fruits and Flowers, and Their Nutraceutical Benefits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112321. [PMID: 34834683 PMCID: PMC8624010 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids and apocarotenoids are diverse classes of compounds found in nature and are important natural pigments, nutraceuticals and flavour/aroma molecules. Improving the quality of crops is important for providing micronutrients to remote communities where dietary variation is often limited. Carotenoids have also been shown to have a significant impact on a number of human diseases, improving the survival rates of some cancers and slowing the progression of neurological illnesses. Furthermore, carotenoid-derived compounds can impact the flavour and aroma of crops and vegetables and are the origin of important developmental, as well as plant resistance compounds required for defence. In this review, we discuss the current research being undertaken to increase carotenoid content in plants and research the benefits to human health and the role of carotenoid derived volatiles on flavour and aroma of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; or
- Crop Science and Production Systems, NIAB-EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
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Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of 2-Nonenal and Its Application to Body Odor Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195739. [PMID: 34641283 PMCID: PMC8510471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The odors and emanations released from the human body can provide important information about the health status of individuals and the presence or absence of diseases. Since these components often emanate from the body surface in very small quantities, a simple sampling and sensitive analytical method is required. In this study, we developed a non-invasive analytical method for the measurement of the body odor component 2-nonenal by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry by selective ion monitoring. Using a StableFlex PDMS/DVB fiber, 2-nonenal was efficiently extracted and enriched by fiber exposition at 50 °C for 45 min and was separated within 10 min using a DB−1 capillary column. Body odor sample was easily collected by gauze wiping. The limit of detection of 2-nonenal collected in gauze was 22 pg (S/N = 3), and the linearity was obtained in the range of 1–50 ng with a correlation coefficient of 0.991. The method successfully analyzed 2-nonenal in skin emissions and secretions and was applied to the analysis of body odor changes in various lifestyles, including the use of cosmetics, food intake, cigarette smoking, and stress load.
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Toh DWK, Chua JY, Lu Y, Liu SQ. Evaluation of the potential of commercial non‐
Saccharomyces
yeast strains of
Torulaspora delbrueckii
and
Lachancea thermotolerans
in beer fermentation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Food Science and Technology Programme Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Science Drive 3 Singapore City 117543 Singapore
| | - Jian Yong Chua
- Food Science and Technology Programme Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Science Drive 3 Singapore City 117543 Singapore
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Food Science and Technology Programme Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Science Drive 3 Singapore City 117543 Singapore
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Food Science and Technology Programme Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Science Drive 3 Singapore City 117543 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park Jiangsu 215123 China
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Marsili RT, Laskonis CR. Evaluation of Sequential-SBSE and TF-SPME Extraction Techniques Prior to GC-TOFMS for the Analysis of Flavor Volatiles in Beer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2019.1590070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ray Thomas Marsili
- Chemistry, Marsili Consulting Group, Rockford University, Rockford, Illinois, U.S.A
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7
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Liu J, Dong J, Li Q, Chen J, Gu G. Investigation of New Indexes to Evaluate Aging of Bottled Lager Beer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2008-0404-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Research Center of Tsingtao Brewery Group, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Guoxian Gu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi P.R. China
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8
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Comparison of carbonyl profiles from Czech and Spanish lagers: Traditional and modern technology. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Martins C, Brandão T, Almeida A, Rocha SM. Insights on beer volatile profile: Optimization of solid-phase microextraction procedure taking advantage of the comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography structured separation. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2140-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Martins
- Departamento de Química, QOPNA; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
| | | | - Adelaide Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- Departamento de Química, QOPNA; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
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10
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Castro LF, Ross CF. Determination of flavour compounds in beer using stir-bar sorptive extraction and solid-phase microextraction. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. Castro
- School of Food Science; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Carolyn F. Ross
- School of Food Science; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164 USA
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11
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Wang T, Gao X, Tong J, Chen L. Determination of formaldehyde in beer based on cloud point extraction using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine as derivative reagent. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Sefton MA, Skouroumounis GK, Elsey GM, Taylor DK. Occurrence, sensory impact, formation, and fate of damascenone in grapes, wines, and other foods and beverages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9717-46. [PMID: 21866982 DOI: 10.1021/jf201450q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Among plant-derived odorants, damascenone is one of the most ubiquitous, sometimes occurring as an apparent natural product but more commonly occurring in processed foodstuffs and beverages. It has been widely reported as a component of alcoholic beverages, particularly of wines made from the grape Vitis vinifera . Although damascenone has one of the lowest ortho- and retronasal detection thresholds of any odorant, its contribution to the sensory properties of most products remains poorly understood. Damascenone can be formed by acid-catalyzed hydrolyses of plant-derived apocarotenoids, in both aglycon and glycoconjugated forms. These reactions can account for the formation of damascenone in some, but not all, products. In wine, damascenone can also be subject to degradation processes, particularly by reaction with sulfur dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Sefton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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13
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Rodrigues JA, Barros AS, Carvalho B, Brandão T, Gil AM. Probing beer aging chemistry by nuclear magnetic resonance and multivariate analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 702:178-87. [PMID: 21839195 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, in tandem with multivariate analysis (MVA), for monitoring the chemical changes occurring in a lager beer exposed to forced aging (at 45°C for up to 18 days). To evaluate the resulting compositional variations, both principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to the NMR spectra of beer recorded as a function of aging and a clear aging trend was observed. Inspection of PLS-DA loadings and peak integration enabled the changing compounds to be identified, revealing the importance of well known markers such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) as well as a range of other relevant compounds: amino acids, higher alcohols, organic acids, dextrins and some still unassigned spin systems. In addition, the multivariate analysis method of 2D correlation analysis was applied to the NMR data enabling the relevant compound variations to be confirmed and inter-compound correlations to be assessed, some reflecting common metabolic/chemical pathways and, therefore, offering improved insight into the chemical aspects of beer aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rodrigues
- CICECO-Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Evaluation of beer deterioration by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/multivariate analysis: A rapid tool for assessing beer composition. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:990-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Gonçalves LM, Magalhães PJ, Valente IM, Pacheco JG, Dostálek P, Sýkora D, Rodrigues JA, Barros AA. Analysis of aldehydes in beer by gas-diffusion microextraction: Characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode-array detection–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3717-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Optimisation of a complete method for the analysis of volatiles involved in the flavour stability of beer by solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1190:342-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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An air-driving FI device with merging zones technique for the determination of formaldehyde in beers. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Guido LF, Curto A, Boivin P, Benismail N, Gonçalves C, Barros AA. Predicting the organoleptic stability of beer from chemical data using multivariate analysis. Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-006-0508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Pinho O, Ferreira IMPLVO, Santos LHMLM. Method optimization by solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for analysis of beer volatile fraction. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1121:145-53. [PMID: 16687150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method for the analysis of beer volatile compounds was optimised using headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography with mass detection. Headspace SPME using a 75 microm Carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (CAR-PDMS) fiber provided effective sample enrichment and enabled extraction of a wide variety of compounds. The reproducibility depended on the compounds, with a mean value of 1.4% for alcohols, 3.3% for ethers, 6.7% for aldehydes, 3.4% for acids, 1.7% for aromatic compounds, 2.4% for esters, 7.4% for hydrocarbons, 1.8% for alicyclic compounds, and 3.4% for heterocyclic compounds. The optimised methodology can be used to compare volatile profile from different types of beers and eventually to study the evolution of a particular beer during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Pinho
- REQUIMTE-Serviço de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Anibal Cunha 164, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Carneiro J, Ferreira J, Guido L, Almeida P, Rodrigues J, Barros A. Determination of β-damascenone in alcoholic beverages by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Bezman Y, Bilkis I, Winterhalter P, Fleischmann P, Rouseff RL, Baldermann S, Naim M. Thermal oxidation of 9'-cis-neoxanthin in a model system containing peroxyacetic acid leads to the potent odorant beta-damascenone. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:9199-206. [PMID: 16277423 DOI: 10.1021/jf051330b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The potent odorant beta-damascenone was formed directly from 9'-cis-neoxanthin in a model system by peroxyacetic acid oxidation and two-phase thermal degradation without the involvement of enzymatic activity. Beta-damascenone formation was heavily dependent on pH (optimum at 5.0) and temperature, occurring over the two sequential phases. The first was incubation with peroxyacetic acid at 60 degrees C for 90 min, and the second was at above 90 degrees C for 20 min. Only traces of beta-damascenone were formed on application of only one of the two phases. Formate and citrate solutions produced a much better environment for beta-damascenone formation than acetate and phosphate. About 7 microg/L beta-damascenone was formed from 5.8 mg/L 9'-cis-neoxanthin under optimal experimental condition. The detailed pathway by which beta-damascenone is formed remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Bezman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76-100, Israel
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22
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Liu M, Zeng Z, Xiong B. Preparation of novel solid-phase microextraction fibers by sol–gel technology for headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic analysis of aroma compounds in beer. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1065:287-99. [PMID: 15782975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) was first used as precursor as well as selective stationary phase to prepare the sol-gel-derived TMSPMA-hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil (TMSPMA-OH-TSO) solid-phase mircroextraction (SPME) fibers for the analysis of aroma compounds in beer. TMSPMA-OH-TSO was a medium polarity coating, and was found to be very effective in carrying out simultaneous extraction of both polar alcohols and fatty acids and nonpolar esters in beer. The extraction temperature, extraction time, and ionic strength of the sample matrix were modified to allow for maximium sorption of the analytes onto the fiber. Desorption temperature and time were optimized to avoid the carryover effects. To check the matrix effects, several different matrices, including distilled water, 4% ethanol/water (v/v) solution, a concentrated synthetic beer, a "volatile-free" beer and a real beer were investigated. Matrix effects were compensated for by using 4-methyl-2-pentanol as internal standard and selecting the "volatile-free" beer as working standard. The method proposed in this study showed satisfactory linearity, precision and detection limits and accuracy. The established headspace SPME-gas chromatography (GC) method was then used for determination of volatile compounds in four beer varieties. The recoveries obtained ranged from 92.8 to 105.8%. The relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 5) for all analytes were below 10%. The major aroma contributing substances of each variety were identified via aroma indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2004; 15:331-338. [PMID: 15508839 DOI: 10.1002/pca.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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