1
|
Farooq K, Anwar Z, Khalid W, Hasan S, Afzal F, Zafar M, Ali U, Alghamdi O, AL-Farga A, Al-maaqar SM. Optimization and Detergent Compatibility of Protease Produced from Aspergillus oryzae by Utilizing Agro Wastes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17446-17457. [PMID: 38645327 PMCID: PMC11025069 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The biotechnological process called solid-state fermentation (SSF) was applied for hyper production of protease by using a fungal strain called Aspergillus oryzae. From screening of 9 different local substrates (peanut shell, wheat bran, guava leaves, sugar cane bagasse, rice polish, wheat straw, corn straw, reed grass, and rice straw), peanut shells serve as the best substrates for protease production under optimized cultured conditions. The varying physiochemical parameters such as pH (2-9.5), temperature (30-52 °C), incubation time (1-10 days), inoculum size (1-8 mL), moisture level (20-125%), and substrate concentration (1-7 g) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The highest activity of protease was recorded to be 1101.778 U/mL at 660 nm using peanut shell was optimum at pH 8, temperature 52 °C, incubation time 8 days, inoculum size 2 mL, moisture level 20%, and substrate concentration 2 g. The crude form of enzymes produced were further purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration chromatography. Then, purified enzymes were characterized at different pH, temperature, and incubation time. For characterization of purified protease, pH, temperature, and incubation time were 8, 52 °C, and 8 days for peanut shell and was done by one factor at a time method. Hence, isolated enzymes were alkaline in nature, i.e., alkaline proteases. Then, protease produced from peanut shells was applied to locally available detergents to increase their catalytic activity for strain removal. At last, the final results were interpreted in the form of 3D surface and contour plots using Microsoft Excel 2013 and Minitab 17 software. In conclusion, the utilization of A. oryzae and peanut shell as the substrate in the biotechnological process of SSF demonstrated successful hyper production of alkaline protease. The optimized conditions resulted in high enzyme activity and showcased the potential application of the isolated enzymes in improving the catalytic activity of locally available detergents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Farooq
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University
of Gujrat, Gujrat 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Anwar
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University
of Gujrat, Gujrat 54000, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- University
Institute of Food Science and Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Shoaib Hasan
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fareed Afzal
- Department
of Food Science, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muddassar Zafar
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University
of Gujrat, Gujrat 54000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University
of Gujrat, Gujrat 54000, Pakistan
| | - Othman Alghamdi
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Science, University
of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudia
Arabia
| | - Ammar AL-Farga
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Science, University
of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudia
Arabia
| | - Saleh M. Al-maaqar
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Education, Albaydha
University, Al-Baydha 00967, Yemen
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feigl V, Medgyes-Horváth A, Kari A, Török Á, Bombolya N, Berkl Z, Farkas É, Fekete-Kertész I. The potential of Hungarian bauxite residue isolates for biotechnological applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 41:e00825. [PMID: 38225962 PMCID: PMC10788403 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Bauxite residue (red mud) is considered an extremely alkaline and salty environment for the biota. We present the first attempt to isolate, identify and characterise microbes from Hungarian bauxite residues. Four identified bacterial strains belonged to the Bacilli class, one each to the Actinomycetia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria classes, and two to the Alphaproteobacteria class. All three identified fungi strains belonged to the Ascomycota division. Most strains tolerated pH 8-10 and salt content at 5-7% NaCl concentration. Alkalihalobacillus pseudofirmus BRHUB7 and Robertmurraya beringensis BRHUB9 can be considered halophilic and alkalitolerant. Priestia aryabhattai BRHUB2, Penicillium chrysogenum BRHUF1 and Aspergillus sp. BRHUF2 are halo- and alkalitolerant strains. Most strains produced siderophores and extracellular polymeric substances, could mobilise phosphorous, and were cellulose degraders. These strains and their enzymes are possible candidates for biotechnological applications in processes requiring extreme conditions, e.g. bioleaching of critical raw materials and rehabilitation of alkaline waste deposits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Feigl
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Anna Medgyes-Horváth
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Pázmány P. s. 1A, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - András Kari
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Microbiology, Pázmány P. s. 1A, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Török
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Nelli Bombolya
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Berkl
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Éva Farkas
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Quality, Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ildikó Fekete-Kertész
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Srivastava N, Shiburaj S, Khare SK. Improved production of alkaline and solvent-stable proteases from a halotolerant Exiguobacterium isolate through heterologous expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129507. [PMID: 38244731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Halophiles are excellent sources of detergent proteases that are attributed to stability in alkaline pH, salts, surfactants, and hydrophobic solvents. The lower enzymatic yields and tedious downstream processes necessitate the search for newer halophilic sources. We have previously reported a halotolerant Exiguobacterium sp. TBG-PICH-001, which secretes solvent-tolerant alkaline protease/s. The present study describes the heterologous expression of two protease genes, namely, rsep metalloprotease (WP_195864791, 1.23 Kb) and tpa serine protease (WP_195864453, 0.879 Kb) genes. These were cloned into the pET 22b + plasmid vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant proteases rsep and tpa showed respective yields of 6.3 and 6.7 IU/mg, 11 and 12-fold higher than the crude native protease/s from TBG-PICH-001. These showed soluble expression at 46 and 32 KDa, respectively. These were purified to homogeneity through Ni-NTA-affinity chromatography. The purified proteases were characterized for properties like pH & temperature optima and stability, substrate specificity, kinetic parameters, and detergent attributes. They showed affinity towards various substrates with a respective Km of 392 and 301 μM towards casein. The recombinant proteases exhibited stability in the alkaline pH (7-10), surfactants, metal ions, detergents, and hydrophobic solvents, rendering their suitability as detergent additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Srivastava
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sugathan Shiburaj
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695034, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Expression of a Salt-Tolerant Pseudolysin in Yeast for Efficient Protein Hydrolysis under High-Salt Conditions. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010083. [PMID: 36671468 PMCID: PMC9855795 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease biocatalysis in a high-salt environment is very attractive for applications in the detergent industry, the production of diagnostic kits, and traditional food fermentation. However, high-salt conditions can reduce protease activity or even inactivate enzymes. Herein, in order to explore new protease sources, we expressed a salt-tolerant pseudolysin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWJSS3 isolated from deep-sea mud in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After optimizing the concentration of ion cofactors in yeast peptone dextrose (YPD) medium, the proteolytic activity in the supernatant was 2.41 times more than that in the control group when supplemented with 5 mM CaCl2 and 0.4 mM ZnCl2. The extracellular proteolytic activity of pseudolysin reached 258.95 U/mL with optimized expression cassettes. In addition, the S. cerevisiae expression system increased the salt tolerance of pseudolysin to sodium chloride (NaCl)and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the recombinant pseudolysin retained 15.19% activity when stored in 3 M NaCl for 7 days. The recombinant pseudolysin was able to efficiently degrade the β-conglycinin from low-denatured soy protein isolates and glycinin from high-denatured soy protein isolates under high temperatures (60 °C) and high-salt (3 M NaCl) conditions. Our study provides a salt-tolerant recombinant protease with promising applications in protein hydrolysis under high-salt conditions.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chung D, Yu WJ, Lim JY, Kang NS, Kwon YM, Choi G, Bae SS, Cho K, Lee DS. Characterization of the Proteolytic Activity of a Halophilic Aspergillus reticulatus Strain SK1-1 Isolated from a Solar Saltern. Microorganisms 2021; 10:29. [PMID: 35056479 PMCID: PMC8781784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salterns are hypersaline environments that are inhabited by diverse halophilic microorganisms, including fungi. In this study, we isolated a fungal strain SK1-1 from a saltern in the Republic of Korea, which was identified as Asperillus reticulatus. This is the first reported saline-environment-derived A. reticulatus that belongs to the Aspergillus penicillioides clade and encompasses xerophilic fungi. SK1-1 was halophilic, obligately requiring NaCl for growth, with a maximum radial growth of 6%-9% (w/v) NaCl. To facilitate the biotechnological application of halophilic fungi, we screened the SK1-1 strain for proteolytic activity. Proteases have widespread applications in food processing, detergents, textiles, and waste treatment, and halophilic proteases can enable protein degradation in high salt environments. We assessed the proteolytic activity of the extracellular crude enzyme of SK1-1 using azocasein as a substrate. The crude protease exhibited maximum activity at 40-50 °C, pH 9.5-10.5, and in the absence of NaCl. It was also able to retain up to 69% of its maximum activity until 7% NaCl. Protease inhibitor assays showed complete inhibition of the proteolytic activity of crude enzymes by Pefabloc® SC. Our data suggest that the halophilic A. reticulatus strain SK1-1 produces an extracellular alkaline serine protease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Chung
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Woon-Jong Yu
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Ji-Yeon Lim
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Nam-Seon Kang
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea;
| | - Yong-Min Kwon
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Grace Choi
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Seung-Sub Bae
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Kichul Cho
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Masi C, Gemechu G, Tafesse M. Isolation, screening, characterization, and identification of alkaline protease-producing bacteria from leather industry effluent. ANN MICROBIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-021-01631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A wide variety of bacterial species produces protease enzyme, and the application of the same enzyme has been manipulated precisely and used in various biotechnological areas including industrial and environmental sectors. The main aim of this research study was to isolate, screen, and identify alkaline protease-producing bacteria that were sampled from leather industry effluent present in the outer skirts of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Purpose
To isolate and characterize the alkaline protease-producing bacteria from leather industrial effluents.
Methods
Samples are collected from Modji leather industrial effluents and stored in the microbiology lab. After isolated bacteria from effluent using serial dilution and followed by isolated protease-producing bacteria using skim milk agar media. After studying primary and secondary screening using zonal inhibition methods to select potential protease-producing bacteria using skim milk agar media. Finally, to identify the potential bacteria using biochemical methods, bacterial biomass, protease activity, and gene sequencing (16S rRNA) method to finalize the best alkaline protease producing bacteria identified.
Results
First twenty-eight different bacterial colonies were isolated initially from the leather industry effluent sample situated at the Modjo town of Ethiopia. The isolated bacteria were screened using the primary and secondary screening method with skim milk agar medium. At the primary level, we selected three isolates namely ML5(14 mm), ML12(18 mm), and MS12 (15 mm), showing the highest zone of proteolysis as a result of casein degradation on the agar plates were selected and subjected to primary screening. Further secondary screening confirmed that the zone of inhibition methods ML5 (14.00±0.75 mm), ML12 (19.50±0.66 mm), and MS12 (15.00±1.32 mm) has efficient proteolytic activity and can be considered as effective protease producer. The three isolates were then subjected to morphological and biochemical tests to identify probably bacterial species, and all the three bacterial isolates were found out to be of Bacillus species. The shake flask method was carried out to identify the most potent one having greater biomass production capabilities and protease activity. ML12 isolated from leather effluent waste showed the highest protease activity (19 U/ml), high biomass production, and the same was subjected to molecular identification using 16s sequencing and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to identify the closest neighbor. The isolate ML12 (Bacillus cereus strain -MN629232.1) is 97.87% homologous to Bacillus cereus strain (KY995152.1) and 97.86% homologous to Bacillus cereus strain (MK968813.1).
Conclusions
This study has exposed that from twenty-eight different bacterial samples isolated from leather industry effluent; further primary and secondary screening methods were selected three potential alkaline protease strains. Finally, based on its biochemical identification, biomass, and protease activity, ML12 (Bacillus cereus strains) is the best strain identified. The alkaline protease has the significant feature of housing potent bacterial species for producing protease of commercial value.
Collapse
|
7
|
Farooq S, Nazir R, Ganai SA, Ganai BA. Isolation and characterization of a new cold-active protease from psychrotrophic bacteria of Western Himalayan glacial soil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12768. [PMID: 34140593 PMCID: PMC8211794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As an approach to the exploration of cold-active enzymes, in this study, we isolated a cold-active protease produced by psychrotrophic bacteria from glacial soils of Thajwas Glacier, Himalayas. The isolated strain BO1, identified as Bacillus pumilus, grew well within a temperature range of 4-30 °C. After its qualitative and quantitative screening, the cold-active protease (Apr-BO1) was purified. The Apr-BO1 had a molecular mass of 38 kDa and showed maximum (37.02 U/mg) specific activity at 20 °C, with casein as substrate. It was stable and active between the temperature range of 5-35 °C and pH 6.0-12.0, with an optimum temperature of 20 °C at pH 9.0. The Apr-BO1 had low Km value of 1.0 mg/ml and Vmax 10.0 µmol/ml/min. Moreover, it displayed better tolerance to organic solvents, surfactants, metal ions and reducing agents than most alkaline proteases. The results exhibited that it effectively removed the stains even in a cold wash and could be considered a decent detergent additive. Furthermore, through protein modelling, the structure of this protease was generated from template, subtilisin E of Bacillus subtilis (PDB ID: 3WHI), and different methods checked its quality. For the first time, this study reported the protein sequence for psychrotrophic Apr-BO1 and brought forth its novelty among other cold-active proteases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Farooq
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India ,grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Microbiology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India Jammu and Kashmir 190006
| | - Ruqeya Nazir
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Microbiology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India Jammu and Kashmir 190006
| | - Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoA, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 193201 India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Microbiology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India Jammu and Kashmir 190006
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khalid A, Ye M, Wei C, Dai B, Yang R, Huang S, Wang Z. Production of β-glucanase and protease from Bacillus velezensis strain isolated from the manure of piglets. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:497-510. [PMID: 33108947 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1833344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a strain producing β-glucanase and protease, identified as Bacillus velezensis Y1, was isolated from the manure of piglet. We attempted to produce β-glucanase and protease after optimization of various process parameters with the submerged fermentation. The effects of each factor on producing β-glucanase and protease were as follows: temperature > time > pH > loaded liquid volume. The properties of the β-glucanase showed that the most suitable reaction temperature was 65 °C and pH was 6.0. However for protease optimum reaction temperature was 50 °C, and pH was 6.0. The amplified PCR fragments of β-glucanase and protease were 1434 bp containing an open reading frame of 1413 bp encoding a protein with 444 amino acids and 1752 bp containing an open reading frame of 1521 bp encoding a protein with 506 amino acids, respectively. So, the study demonstrated a viable approach of using newly identified B. velezensis Y1 strain for the maximum yield of two industrially important enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Khalid
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Miao Ye
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chunjie Wei
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Binghong Dai
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ru Yang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shoujun Huang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zaigui Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma AK, Kikani BA, Singh SP. Biochemical, thermodynamic and structural characteristics of a biotechnologically compatible alkaline protease from a haloalkaliphilic, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei OK-18. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:680-696. [PMID: 32145232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This report describes purification strategies, biochemical properties and thermodynamic analysis of an alkaline serine protease from a marine actinomycete, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain OK-18. The solvent tolerance, broad thermal-pH stability, favourable kinetics and thermodynamics suggest stability of the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme was active in the range of pH 7-12 and 37-90 °C, optimally at pH 9 and 70 °C. The deactivation rate constant (Kd), half-life (t½), enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy (ΔS*), activation energy (E) and change in free energy (ΔG*) suggested stability and spontaneity of the reaction. β-Sheets as revealed by the Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, were the major elements in the secondary structure of the enzyme, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of amide I and amide II. Based on the liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis, the amino acid sequence had only 38% similarity with other proteases of Nocardiopsis strains, suggesting its novelty. The Ramachandran Plot revealed the location of the amino acid residues in the most favored region. The blood de-staining, gelatin hydrolysis, silver recovery and deproteinization of crab shells established the biotechnological potential of the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Sharma
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavtosh A Kikani
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hammami A, Bayoudh A, Hadrich B, Abdelhedi O, Jridi M, Nasri M. Response‐surface methodology for the production and the purification of a new H
2
O
2
‐tolerant alkaline protease from
Bacillus invictae
AH1 strain. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2965. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Hammami
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Bayoudh
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Bilel Hadrich
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of SfaxUniversity of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Ola Abdelhedi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mourad Jridi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of BejaUniversity of Jendouba Beja Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A novel thiol-dependent serine protease from Neocosmospora sp. N1. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02246. [PMID: 31440596 PMCID: PMC6699422 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline proteases have several industrial applications. In the present study, newly isolated Neocosmospora sp. N1 was screened as hyper producer of serine protease. A multimeric protease of the fungus was purified to homogeneity till 96.78 fold purification with 22.51% recovery. The homogeneity of purified enzyme was checked by native PAGE and its molecular weight was found to be 198.03 kDa by MALDI-TOF. On SDS-PAGE analysis, enzyme was found to be a hetero oligomer of 17.66 kDa and 20.89 kDa subunits. The purified enzyme showed maximum activity with casein as substrate at 60 °C and pH 8.5. The Km and Vmax values were found to be 0.015 mg/ml and 454.45 U/ml, respectively. The enzyme was completely inhibited by PMSF, while the activity was 40% enhanced using β-mercaptoethanol, suggesting that it is a thiol-dependent serine protease. The purified protease was active over an alkaline pH range from 7 to 12 and temperatures from 20 °C to 60 °C. The enzyme exhibited excellent stability, almost 100% towards organic solvents such as toluene, benzene and hexane, surfactants such as Triton X-100, Tween-20, Tween-80 and SDS, as well as commercial detergents. The significant properties of purified enzyme assure that it could be a potential candidate for commercial purposes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Suberu Y, Akande I, Samuel T, Lawal A, Olaniran A. Cloning, expression, purification and characterisation of serine alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis RD7. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
13
|
Nazari L, Mehrabi M. Purification and characterization of an extracellular thermotolerant alkaliphilic serine protease secreted from newly isolated Bacillus sp. DEM07 from a hot spring in Dehloran, Iran. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Gulmez C, Altinkaynak C, Özdemir N, Atakisi O. Proteinase K hybrid nanoflowers (P-hNFs) as a novel nanobiocatalytic detergent additive. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:803-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
15
|
Mokashe N, Chaudhari B, Patil U. Operative utility of salt-stable proteases of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria in the biotechnology sector. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:493-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
|
16
|
Hakim A, Bhuiyan FR, Iqbal A, Emon TH, Ahmed J, Azad AK. Production and partial characterization of dehairing alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis AKAL7 and Exiguobacterium indicum AKAL11 by using organic municipal solid wastes. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00646. [PMID: 30009270 PMCID: PMC6042311 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline proteases have applications in numerous industries. In this study, we have isolated and screened proteolytic bacteria from poultry wastes mixed soil and identified two bacterial isolates as Bacillus subtilis AKAL7 and Exiguobacterium indicum AKAL11 based on 16S rDNA sequencing. Maximum level of protease production was achieved after 24 h of fermentation in a basal medium. The optimal temperature, initial pH of the media and agitation for alkaline protease production by these two isolates were 30 °C, pH 9.0 and 120 rpm, respectively. The both bacterial isolates produced maximum level of protease with 3.0% organic municipal solid wastes (OMSW) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen under previously optimized fermentation conditions. In comparison with the shake flask, protease production increased about 2.5-fold in the bioreactor with reduction in fermentation period. The partial purification of protease resulted in a final 45.67 and 34.86-fold purified protease with a specific activity of 8335.34 and 9918.91 U/mg protein and a typical yield of 9.75 and 9.41% from B. subtilis and E. indicum, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH of the partially purified protease from the both sources was 40 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. Protease from the both isolates was stable at pH 7.0-12.0 and at temperatures up to 50 °C. The effects of protease inhibitors indicated that the protease from B. subtilis might be serine and cysteine type and from E. indicum might be cysteine type. Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+ stimulated but Zn2+, Hg2+, Co2+ and Fe3+ strongly inhibited the protease activity. The partially purified protease from B. subtilis substantially dehaired cow skin and decomposed gelatinous compound from X-ray film. Our study revealed that OMSW can be used as raw material for production of bacterial extracellular protease and alkaline protease from B. subtilis might be potential for industrial and biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Purification and characterization of a novel high molecular weight alkaline protease produced by an endophytic Bacillus halotolerans strain CT2. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:342-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
18
|
Satari Faghihi L, Seyedalipour B, Riazi G, Ahmady-Asbchin S. Introduction of Two Halo-Alkali-thermo-stable Biocatalysts: Purification and Characterization. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Gulmez C, Atakisi O, Dalginli KY, Atakisi E. A novel detergent additive: Organic solvent- and thermo-alkaline-stable recombinant subtilisin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:436-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
20
|
Yildirim V, Baltaci MO, Ozgencli I, Sisecioglu M, Adiguzel A, Adiguzel G. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable serine alkaline protease from Aeribacillus pallidus C10: a potential additive for detergents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:468-477. [PMID: 28097910 PMCID: PMC6010106 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1261131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An extracellular thermostable alkaline serine protease enzyme from Aeribacillus pallidus C10 (GenBank No: KC333049), was purified 4.85 and 17. 32-fold with a yield of 26.9 and 19.56%, respectively, through DE52 anion exchange and Probond affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme was determined through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), with approximately 38.35 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at pH 9 and at temperature 60 °C. It was determined that the enzyme had remained stable at the range of pH 7.0-10.0, and that it had preserved more than 80% of its activity at a broad temperature range (20-80 °C). The enzyme activity was found to retain more than 70% and 55% in the presence of organic solvents and commercial detergents, respectively. In addition, it was observed that the enzyme activity had increased in the presence of 5% SDS. KM and Vmax values were calculated as 0.197 mg/mL and 7.29 μmol.mL-1.min-1, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vildan Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkan Baltaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Ozgencli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Melda Sisecioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Adiguzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Adiguzel
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Uttatree S, Kobtrakool K, Ketsuk A, Kaenngam W, Thakolprajak P, Charoenpanich J. A novel metal-tolerant, solvent and surfactant stable protease from a new strain of Bacillus megaterium. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
22
|
Hesham AEL, Alrumman SA, Al-Dayel MA, Salah HA. Screening and genetic identification of acidic and neutral protease-producing yeasts strains by 26S rRNA gene sequencing. CYTOL GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452717030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Huang Y, Wang Y, Xu Y. Purification and characterisation of an acid protease from the Aspergillus hennebergii
HX08 and its potential in traditional fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Huang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University; Huaxi District of Guiyang City, Guiyang Guizhou Province, Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering; Yibin University; 8 Jiusheng Road Yibin Sichuan 644000 China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Ave Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao R, Shi T, Liu X, Zhao M, Cui H, Yuan L. Purification and characterisation of a salt-stable protease from the halophilic archaeon Halogranum rubrum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1412-1419. [PMID: 27378532 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because proteases play an important role in the fermentation of fish sauce, the purification and characterisation of an extracellular protease from the halophilic archaeon Halogranum rubrum was investigated. RESULTS The molecular mass of the protease was estimated to be approximately 47 kDa based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE) and native-PAGE analysis. The optimum conditions for catalytic activity were pH 8.0 and 50°C. The protease showed alkaline stability (pH 7.0-10.0). The protease also exhibited novel catalytic ability over a broad range of salinity (NaCl 0-3 mol L-1 ). Calcium ion enhanced the proteolytic activity of the enzyme. The Km and Vmax values of the purified protease for casein were calculated to be 4.89 mg mL-1 and 1111.11 U mL-1 , respectively. The protease was strongly inhibited by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Meanwhile, the protease was stable in the presence of Triton X-100, isopropanol, ethanol or dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic (DTNB), but was inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or methanol. MALDI -TOF/TOF MS analysis revealed that the protease shared some functional traits with protease produced by Halogranum salarium. Furthermore, it exhibited high hydrolytic activity on silver carp myosin protein. CONCLUSION The protease is an alkaline and salt-tolerant enzyme that hydrolyses silver carp myosin with high efficiency. These excellent characteristics make this protease an attractive candidate for industrial use in low-salt fish sauce fermentation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Tong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Mengqin Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Henglin Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Isolation and characterization of a broad pH- and temperature-active, solvent and surfactant stable protease from a new strain of Bacillus subtilis. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
Ashokkumar S, Mayavu P, Keun K. Halophile isolation to produce halophilic protease, protease production and testing crude protease as a detergent ingredient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2016.8193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
27
|
Catalytic Role of Thermostable Metalloproteases from Bacillus subtilis KT004404 as Dehairing and Destaining Agent. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:434-450. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
28
|
Embaby AM, Saeed H, Hussein A. SHG10 keratinolytic alkaline protease fromBacillus licheniformisSHG10 DSM 28096: Robust stability and unusual non-cumbersome purification. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1317-1330. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira M. Embaby
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; Egypt
| | - Hesham Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; Egypt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Production, purification and characterization of a thermotolerant alkaline serine protease from a novel species Bacillus caseinilyticus. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:53. [PMID: 28330122 PMCID: PMC4752951 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline proteases are important enzymes in many industrial applications, especially as additives in laundry detergent industry. Though there
are a number of Bacillus species which are reported to be producing proteases, the efficiency of a protease produced by a novel strain has to be studied in comparison to the others. Hence, in this study, an alkaline serine protease produced by a novel species Bacilluscaseinilyticus was purified and characterized for its possible usage in detergent industry. Ammonium sulphate, dialysis and DEAE column chromatographic methods were used for purification of the isolated alkaline protease. The molecular weight of the protease was determined by SDS-PAGE and it was found to be 66 kDa. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) was carried out using MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry and the peptides were found to be similar to that of subtilisin protease. Specific activity of purified protein was found to be 89.2 U/mg. Optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were at pH 8 and 60 °C, respectively, showing stability with 10 mM CaCl2. Phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) at both 5 and 10 mM concentrations completely inhibited the enzyme activity suggesting its serine nature. EDTA, metal ions Mg2+ and Ca2+ increased the enzyme activity. The one factor at a time optimisation of the protease production was carried to identify the important factors that affect its production. After optimisation, the protease was produced at lab scale, purified and characterised. This alkali, thermotolerant serine protease was found to be significantly stable in the presence of various surfactants and H2O2. Also, it was successfully able to remove blood stain when used as an additive along with commercial detergent suggesting its potential application in the laundry detergent industry.
Collapse
|
30
|
Purification and characterization of a novel extracellular alkaline protease from Cellulomonas bogoriensis. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 121:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
31
|
Briki S, Hamdi O, Landoulsi A. Enzymatic dehairing of goat skins using alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. SB12. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 121:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
Purification and Characterization of a New Thermostable, Haloalkaline, Solvent Stable, and Detergent Compatible Serine Protease from Geobacillus toebii Strain LBT 77. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9178962. [PMID: 27069928 PMCID: PMC4812217 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9178962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new thermostable, haloalkaline, solvent stable SDS-induced serine protease was purified and characterized from a thermophilic Geobacillus toebii LBT 77 newly isolated from a Tunisian hot spring. This study reveals the potential of the protease from Geobacillus toebii LBT 77 as an additive to detergent with spectacular proprieties described for the first time. The protease was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-Cellulose chromatography. It was a monomeric enzyme with molecular weight of 30 kDa. The optimum pH, temperature, and NaCl for maximum protease activity were 13.0, 95°C, and 30%, respectively. Activity was stimulated by Ca(2+), Mg(2+), DTNB, β-mercaptoethanol, and SDS. The protease was extremely stable even at pH 13.25, 90°C, and 30% NaCl and in the presence of hydrophilic, hydrophobic solvents at high concentrations. The high compatibility with ionic, nonionic, and commercial detergents confirms the utility as an additive to cleaning products. Kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of protease revealed K m = 1 mg mL(-1), V max = 217.5 U mL(-1), K cat/K m = 99 mg mL(-1) S(-1), E a = 51.5 kJ mol(-1), and ΔG (⁎) = 56.5 kJ mol(-1).
Collapse
|
33
|
Ghafoori H, Askari M, Sarikhan S. Purification and characterization of an extracellular haloalkaline serine protease from the moderately halophilic bacterium, Bacillus iranensis (X5B). Extremophiles 2016; 20:115-23. [PMID: 26696418 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the purification and characterization of an extracellular haloalkaline serine protease from the moderately halophilic bacterium, Bacillus iranensis, strain X5B. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by acetone precipitation, ultrafiltration and carboxymethyl (CM) cation exchange chromatography, respectively. The purified protease was a monomeric enzyme with a relative molecular mass of 48-50 kDa and it was inhibited by PMSF indicating that it is a serine-protease. The optimum pH, temperature and NaCl concentration were 9.5, 35 °C and 0.98 M, respectively. The enzyme showed a significant tolerance to salt and alkaline pH. It retained approximately 50% of activity at 2.5 M NaCl and about 70% of activity at highly alkaline pH of 11.0; therefore, it was a moderately halophilic and also can be activated by metals, especially by Ca(2+). The specific activity of the purified protease was measured to be 425.23 μmol of tyrosine/min per mg of protein using casein as a substrate. The apparent K m and V max values were 0.126 mM and 0.523 mM/min, respectively and the accurate value of k cat was obtained as 3.284 × 10(-2) s(-1). These special and important characteristics make this serine protease as valuable tool for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sajjad Sarikhan
- Molecular bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Halophilic Bacteria of Lunsu Produce an Array of Industrially Important Enzymes with Salt Tolerant Activity. Biochem Res Int 2016; 2016:9237418. [PMID: 26885394 PMCID: PMC4739476 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9237418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The halophilic bacterial isolates SS1, SS2, SS3, SS5, and SS8 were characterized for production of industrially important enzymes like amylase, protease, lipase, and glutaminase. Halophilic bacterial isolates SS1 and SS3 exhibited salt dependent extracellular amylase and protease activities. Both the halophilic isolates SS1 and SS3 exhibited maximum amylase and protease activities in the presence of 1.5 and 1.0 M NaCl, respectively, with the optimum pH 8 and temperature 40°C. SS2 showed maximum extracellular protease and lipase activities in the presence of 0.75 M NaCl, at optimum pH of 7, and temperature 37°C. The glutaminase activity of SS3 increased with increase in concentration of NaCl up to 2.5 M. The optimum pH and temperature for L-glutaminase activity of SS3 was 8 and 40°C, respectively. The combined hydrolytic activities of these halophilic bacterial isolates can be used for bioconversion of organic materials to useful products.
Collapse
|
35
|
Extremophilic Proteases: Developments of Their Special Functions, Potential Resources and Biotechnological Applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF EXTREMOPHILES: 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13521-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
36
|
Lima LA, Cruz Filho RF, dos Santos JG, Silva WC. Protease with collagenolytic activity produced by Bacillus sp. DPUA 1728 from Amazonian soil. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:1217-23. [PMID: 26691484 PMCID: PMC4704637 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822015005030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Qualitative analyses were carried out on solid medium with insoluble collagen 0.25%
(w/v) to detect proteases with collagenolytic activity produced by
Bacillus sp. In cultures incubated for 24 h, a 23 full
factorial design with four repetitions at the center point was developed to analyze
the effects and interactions between initial pH, temperature and the concentration of
gelatin. Based on the results of the first 23 full factorial design, a
successive 23 full factorial design was performed. The most favorable
production conditions were found to be 1.5% (w/v) gelatin, pH 9.0 and 37 °C with
enzymatic activity of 86.27 U/mL. The enzyme showed optimal activity at 50 °C and pH
9.0, and it was stable over wide pH (7.2-10.0) and temperature (45 °C-60 °C) ranges.
These results indicate that Bacillus sp DPUA 1728 is a potential
source for producing collagenolytic protease with possible biotechnological
applications, such as in the food, cosmetics and leather industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena A Lima
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kotlar C, Ponce A, Roura S. Characterization of a novel protease fromBacillus cereusand evaluation of an eco-friendly hydrolysis of a brewery byproduct. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Kotlar
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Juan B. Justo 4302 7600 Mar del Plata Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
| | - Alejandra Ponce
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Juan B. Justo 4302 7600 Mar del Plata Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
| | - Sara Roura
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Juan B. Justo 4302 7600 Mar del Plata Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Guleria S, Walia A, Chauhan A, Shirkot CK. Purification and characterization of detergent stable alkaline protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SP1 isolated from apple rhizosphere. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:138-52. [PMID: 26375163 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A thermostable extracellular alkaline protease producing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SP1 was isolated from apple rhizosphere having multifarious plant growth promoting activities. Strain SP1 was purified to 6.48-fold using four-step purification protocol and characterized in detail for its robustness and ecofriendly application in leather and detergent industries. Structural analysis revealed that the protease was monomeric and had a molecular weight of 43 kDa. It exhibited optimum activity at 60°C in alkaline environment (pH 8.0) and stable in the presence of surfactants and oxidizing agents. Enzyme was thermostable at 50°C and retained more than 70% activity after 30 min incubation. It has shown stain removal property and dehairing of goat skin without chemical assistance and hydrolyzing fibrous proteins. This protease showed Km of 0.125 mg ml(-1) and V(max) of 12820 μg ml(-1) indicating its excellent affinity and catalytic role. Thermal inactivation of the pure enzyme followed first-order kinetics. The half life of the pure enzyme at 50, 60, and 65°C was 77, 19.80, and 13.33 min, respectively. The activation energy was 37.19 KJ mol(-1). The results suggest that the B. amyloliquefaciens SP1 has a potential application in different industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Guleria
- Department of Basic Sciences (Microbiology Section), Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (H.P.), India
| | - Abhishek Walia
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Basic Sciences (Microbiology Section), Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (H.P.), India
| | - Chand Karan Shirkot
- Department of Basic Sciences (Microbiology Section), Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (H.P.), India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Banerjee G, Mukherjee S, Bhattacharya S, Ray AK. Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Protease and Amylase Produced by the Bacterial Strain, Corynebacterium alkanolyticum ATH3 Isolated from Fish Gut. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-015-1809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
40
|
Detergent-, solvent- and salt-compatible thermoactive alkaline serine protease from halotolerant alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. NPST-AK15: purification and characterization. Extremophiles 2015; 19:961-71. [PMID: 26159877 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline protease produced by the halotolerant alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain NPST-AK15 was purified to homogeneity by the combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with an estimated molecular weight of 32 kDa. NPST-AK15 protease was highly active and stable over a wide pH range, with a maximal activity at pH 10.5. The enzyme showed optimum activity at 60 °C and was stable at 30-50 °C for at least 1 h. Thermal stability of the purified protease was substantially improved by CaCl2 (1.1- to 6.6-fold). The K m, V max and k cat values for the enzyme were 2.5 mg ml(-1), 42.5 µM min(-1) mg(-1), and 392.46 × 10(3) min(-1), respectively. NPST-AK15 protease activity was strongly inhibited by PMSF, suggesting that the enzyme is a serine protease. The enzyme was highly stable in NaCl up to 20 % (w/v). Moreover, the purified enzyme was stable in several organic solvents such as diethyl ether, benzene, toluene, and chloroform. In addition, it showed high stability and compatibility with a wide range of surfactants and commercial detergents and was slightly activated by hydrogen peroxide. These features of NPST-AK15 protease make this enzyme a promising candidate for application in the laundry and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
|
41
|
Shivanne Gowda SG, Narayan B, Gopal S. Bacteriological properties and health-related biochemical components of fermented fish sauce: An overview. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2015.1057844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
42
|
Samie N, Haerian B, Muniandy S, Green D, Ashouri M. Exhaustive study of the novel hyper alkalophil, thermostable, and chelator resistant metalloprotease. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3397-417. [PMID: 25820296 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Our newly discovered metalloprotease, designated as ALP NS12 was selected using gelatin agar plates with incubation at 100 °C. Subcloning of the fragments in to pUC118 to make E. coli HB101 (pPEMP01NS) with following two-step chromatography using diethylaminoethyl sepharose (DEAE-sepharose) and Sephadex G-100 columns to purify 97-kDa expressed enzyme was performed. Although activity of immobilized ALP NS12 on glass surface was established at temperatures between 70 and 120 °C and pH ranges 4.0-13.0, the optimum temperature and pH were achieved at 100 °C and 11.0, respectively. Enhancement of enzyme activity was obtained in the presence of 5 mM MnCl2 (91 %), CaCl2 (357 %), FeCl2 (175 %), MgCl2 (94 %), ZnCl2 (412 %), NiCl (86 %), NaCl (239 %), and Na-sulfate (81 %) while inhibition was observed with EDTA (5 mM), PMSF (3 mM), urea (8 M), and SDS (1 %) at 65, 37, 33, and 42 %, respectively. Consequently, the enzyme was well analyzed using crystallography and protein modeling. ALP NS12 can be applied in industrial processes at extreme temperatures and under highly basic conditions, chelators, and detergents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Samie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Extracellular Proteases from Halophilic and Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria: Occurrence and Biochemical Properties. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14595-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
44
|
Gohel S, Singh S. Thermodynamics of a Ca2+-dependent highly thermostable alkaline protease from a haloalkliphilic actinomycete. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:421-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
45
|
Aswati Nair R, Geethu C. Purification and characterization of secretory serine protease from necrotrophic oomycete, Pythium myriotylum Dreschler. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 31:85-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
46
|
Zhao B, Yan Y, Chen S. How could haloalkaliphilic microorganisms contribute to biotechnology? Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:717-27. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Haloalkaliphiles are microorganisms requiring Na+concentrations of at least 0.5 mol·L–1and an alkaline pH of 9 for optimal growth. Their unique features enable them to make significant contributions to a wide array of biotechnological applications. Organic compatible solutes produced by haloalkaliphiles, such as ectoine and glycine betaine, are correlated with osmoadaptation and may serve as stabilizers of intracellular proteins, salt antagonists, osmoprotectants, and dermatological moisturizers. Haloalkaliphiles are an important source of secondary metabolites like rhodopsin, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and exopolysaccharides that play essential roles in biogeocycling organic compounds. These microorganisms also can secrete unique exoenzymes, including proteases, amylases, and cellulases, that are highly active and stable in extreme haloalkaline conditions and can be used for the production of laundry detergent. Furthermore, the unique metabolic pathways of haloalkaliphiles can be applied in the biodegradation and (or) biotransformation of a broad range of toxic industrial pollutants and heavy metals, in wastewater treatment, and in the biofuel industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baisuo Zhao
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gaur R, Tiwari S, Sharma A. Isolation and Characterization of Thermotolerant Alkaline Serine Protease of Bacillus sp. P-02. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2014.246.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
48
|
Raval VH, Pillai S, Rawal CM, Singh SP. Biochemical and structural characterization of a detergent-stable serine alkaline protease from seawater haloalkaliphilic bacteria. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
49
|
Cloning, heterologous expression and structural characterization of an alkaline serine protease from sea water haloalkaliphilic bacterium. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
50
|
Cow Dung Substrate for the Potential Production of Alkaline Proteases by Pseudomonas putida Strain AT in Solid-State Fermentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/217434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cow dung and agroresidues were used as the substrates for the production of alkaline proteases by Pseudomonas putida strain AT in solid-state fermentation. Among the various substrates evaluated, cow dung supported maximum (1351±217 U/g) protease production. The optimum conditions for the production of alkaline proteases were a fermentation period of 48 h, 120% (v/w) moisture, pH 9, and the addition of 6% (v/w) inoculum, 1.5% (w/w) trehalose, and 2.0% (w/w) yeast extract to the cow dung substrate. The enzyme was active over a range of temperatures (50–70°C) and pHs (8–10), with maximum activity at 60°C and pH 9. These enzymes showed stability towards surfactants, detergents, and solvent and digested various natural proteins.
Collapse
|