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Discovering Giuseppe Capogrossi: Study of the Painting Materials in Three Works of Art Stored at Galleria Nazionale (Rome). HERITAGE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/heritage3030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present the results of a diagnostic campaign on three of Giuseppe Capogrossi’s abstract paintings from the 1950s and 1960s, conserved at the National Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art in Rome. Non-invasive investigations by reflection FT-IR spectroscopy were carried out, followed by micro-destructive laboratory analyses using Py-GC-MS, and HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF. The investigations focused on identifying the binders used for both the preparation and the pictorial layers. In two of the paintings investigated, an industrial preparation was identified based on egg yolk, mixed with other organic materials (acryl resin, oil, animal glue). The paint media include the use of both oil and alkyd paint. In one of the three paintings, the presence of a styrene-acryl resin was observed. The results show the simultaneous use of traditional and innovative materials, confirming the complexity of the period in which the artist was active, characterized by the technical experimentation of both the artists and manufacturers. The research also contributes to a better understanding of Giuseppe Capogrossi’s artistic profile, from the point of view of executive techniques.
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OPLS multivariate regression of FTIR-ATR spectra of acrylic paints for age estimation in contemporary artworks. Talanta 2019; 205:120114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Brooijmans T, Okhuijsen R, Oerlemans I, Schoenmakers PJ, Peters R. Acid monomer analysis in waterborne polymer systems by targeted labeling of carboxylic acid functionality, followed by pyrolysis - gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1560:63-70. [PMID: 29773340 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrolysis - gas chromatography - (PyGC) is a common method to analyse the composition of natural and synthetic resins. The analysis of acid functionality in, for example, waterborne polyacrylates and polyurethanes polymers has proven to be difficult due to solubility issues, inter- and intramolecular interaction effects, lack of detectability in chromatographic analysis, and lack of thermal stability. Conventional analytical techniques, such as PyGC, cannot be used for the direct detection and identification of acidic monomers, due to thermal rearrangements that take place during pyrolysis. To circumvent this, the carboxylic acid groups are protected prior to thermal treatment by reaction with 2-bromoacetophenone. Reaction conditions are investigated and optimised wrt. conversion measurements. The aproach is applied to waterborne polyacryalates and the results are discussed. This approach enables identification and (semi)quantitative analysis of different acid functionalities in waterborne polymers by PyGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brooijmans
- DSM Coating Resins, Analytical Technology Centre, Waalwijk, The Netherlands.
| | - R Okhuijsen
- DSM Coating Resins, Analytical Technology Centre, Waalwijk, The Netherlands
| | - I Oerlemans
- DSM Coating Resins, Analytical Technology Centre, Waalwijk, The Netherlands
| | - P J Schoenmakers
- University of Amsterdam, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Peters
- DSM Coating Resins, Analytical Technology Centre, Waalwijk, The Netherlands; University of Amsterdam, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Brandt J, Lenz J, Pahnke K, Schmidt FG, Barner-Kowollik C, Lederer A. Investigation of thermoreversible polymer networks by temperature dependent size exclusion chromatography. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01262d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a novel approach for studying thermoreversible Diels–Alder networks by Temperature Dependent SEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Brandt
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
| | - Johannes Lenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
| | - Kai Pahnke
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | | | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
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5
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Revealing the composition of organic materials in polychrome works of art: the role of mass spectrometry-based techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6957-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Bonaduce I, Ribechini E, Modugno F, Colombini MP. Analytical Approaches Based on Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) to Study Organic Materials in Artworks and Archaeological Objects. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:6. [PMID: 27572989 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-015-0007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), after appropriate wet chemical sample pre-treatments or pyrolysis, is one of the most commonly adopted analytical techniques in the study of organic materials from cultural heritage objects. Organic materials in archaeological contexts, in classical art objects, or in modern and contemporary works of art may be the same or belong to the same classes, but can also vary considerably, often presenting different ageing pathways and chemical environments. This paper provides an overview of the literature published in the last 10 years on the research based on the use of GC/MS for the analysis of organic materials in artworks and archaeological objects. The latest progresses in advancing analytical approaches, characterising materials and understanding their degradation, and developing methods for monitoring their stability are discussed. Case studies from the literature are presented to examine how the choice of the working conditions and the analytical approaches is driven by the analytical and technical question to be answered, as well as the nature of the object from which the samples are collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bonaduce
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Erika Ribechini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Perla Colombini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Institute for the Conservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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7
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A chemical study of organic materials in three murals by Keith Haring: A comparison of painting techniques. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Chemical characterisation of spray paints by a multi-analytical (Py/GC–MS, FTIR, μ-Raman) approach. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Schossler P, Fortes I, Júnior JCDDF, Carazza F, Souza LAC. Acrylic and Vinyl Resins Identification by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: A Study of Cases in Modern Art Conservation. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.777925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Park J. Analysis of changes in composition of amber with ageing using pyrolysis/GC/MS. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2013.26.3.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Wei S, Pintus V, Schreiner M. Photochemical degradation study of polyvinyl acetate paints used in artworks by Py-GC/MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS 2012; 97:158-163. [PMID: 23024446 PMCID: PMC3438447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical degradation of commercial polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) homopolymer and PVAc paints mixed with burnt umber, cobalt blue, cadmium red dark, nickel azo yellow and titanium white commonly used for artworks were studied by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). Py-GC/MS with single-shot technique was used for the characterization of the thermal degradation of PVAc at different temperatures, while the double-shot technique of Py-GC/MS was used to reveal the differences in the specimens before and after UV ageing, including the changes of detectable amounts of deacetylation product - acetic acid and plasticizers such as diethyl phthalate (DEP). Furthermore, the relative concentration of the pyrolysis products of the paint samples could be measured and compared in the second step of the double-shot Py-GC/MS, which are highly dependent on the presence of pigments and the ageing status of PVAc paints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Wei
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology in Art, Academy of Fine Arts, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentina Pintus
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology in Art, Academy of Fine Arts, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Analytical Chemical Division, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/16, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Schreiner
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology in Art, Academy of Fine Arts, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Analytical Chemical Division, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/16, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Baglioni P, Berti D, Bonini M, Carretti E, Del Carmen Casas Perez M, Chelazzi D, Dei L, Fratini E, Giorgi R, Natali I, Arroyo. MC. Gels for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/opl.2012.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe consolidation of a pictorial surface or the removal of undesired material from the surface of an artifact, are the most important and delicate operations in the conservation of cultural heritage. In this contribution we report on the synthesis and characterization of two innovative systems for the cleaning of works of art: i) highly viscous polymeric dispersions (HVPDs) of poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) random copolymer (PVAc), and ii) chemical gels from acrylamide - N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide, loaded with innovative aqueous cleaning systems. These systems were prepared, characterized and tested over artistic surfaces, such as wood and canvas. Rheology and FTIR spectroscopy allowed the characterization of the materials, and provided evidence that the systems allow an efficient cleaning of the substrates, without leaving residues.
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Identification of additives in poly(vinylacetate) artist’s paints using PY-GC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:357-367. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Peris-Vicente J, Valle-Algarra FM, Ferrer-Eres MA, Gimeno-Adelantado JV, Osete-Cortina L, Doménech-Carbó MT, Mateo-Castro R, Soriano-Piñol MD. Analytical Study of a Resinous Material Used as Sealing in Ancient Pottery Found in an Archaeological Site by Thermally Assisted Hydrolysis Methylation–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry, Vibrational Spectroscopy and Light Microscopy. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903243604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Peris-Vicente J, Baumer U, Stege H, Lutzenberger K, Gimeno Adelantado JV. Characterization of Commercial Synthetic Resins by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Application to Modern Art and Conservation. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3180-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900149p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Peris-Vicente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain, and Doerner Institut, Bayerische Staatgemäldesammlungen, Barer Strasse 29, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - U. Baumer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain, and Doerner Institut, Bayerische Staatgemäldesammlungen, Barer Strasse 29, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - H. Stege
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain, and Doerner Institut, Bayerische Staatgemäldesammlungen, Barer Strasse 29, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - K. Lutzenberger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain, and Doerner Institut, Bayerische Staatgemäldesammlungen, Barer Strasse 29, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - J. V. Gimeno Adelantado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain, and Doerner Institut, Bayerische Staatgemäldesammlungen, Barer Strasse 29, D-80799 München, Germany
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Doménech-Carbó MT. Novel analytical methods for characterising binding media and protective coatings in artworks. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 621:109-39. [PMID: 18573376 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the first reported analytical studies and technical examinations of art and archaeological objects conducted in the late 18th century, analytical techniques and methods applied to the study of artworks have constantly grown. Among the materials composing the art object, organic compounds used as binding media or protective coatings have attracted the attention of the conservation profession given their noticeable ability for undergoing morphological and chemical changes on ageing. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review the most recent advances in the identification and determination of organic compounds present in art and art conservation materials. Immunofluorescence techniques have been proposed in recent decades as an alternative to the classical and simpler microchemical tests. Besides, a variety of instrumental techniques have also been improved in an attempt to enhance the sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy of the analytical results. Spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-vis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, have been coupled with light microscopes for these purposes. Synchrotron radiation FTIR microspectroscopy has also been successfully applied to the analysis of artworks. Mass spectrometry has also been increasingly used as a detector system coupled with a chromatographic device. Chromatographic methods have also improved in recent years. Paper and thin layer chromatographic techniques have been progressively replaced with gas chromatography (GC), pyrolysis-GC, high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. More complex proteomics hyphenated techniques, such as nano-liquid chromatography-nano-electrospray ionisation/collision quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, have been recently applied to the identification and determination of proteinaceous binders. Microbeam analytical techniques have also been incorporated into the list of advanced instrumental techniques for art conservation purposes. Finally, a number of new instrumental techniques have been proposed as a suitable alternative to the conventional microscopy techniques for morphological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Doménech-Carbó
- Institut de Restauració del Patrimoni, Universitat Politécnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
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Fabbri D, Marynowski L, Fabiańska MJ, Zatoń M, Simoneit BRT. Levoglucosan and other cellulose markers in pyrolysates of Miocene lignites: geochemical and environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:2957-2963. [PMID: 18497150 DOI: 10.1021/es7021472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using the pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and off-line pyrolysis/silylation methods for lignites from three Miocene brown coal basins of Poland resulted in the characterization of many organic compounds, including dominant cellulose degradation products such as levoglucosan, 1,6-anhydro-beta-D-glucofuranose, and 1,4:3,6-dianhydroglucopyranose. Levoglucosan is a general source-specific tracer for wood smoke in the atmosphere and recent sediments. The presence of unusually high levels of this compound in brown coal pyrolysates suggests that a portion of this compound concentration in some airsheds may originate from lignite combustion. On the other hand, nonglucose anhydrosaccharides, in particular, mannosan and galactosan, typical of hemicellulose, are not detected in those lignite pyrolysates investigated. This indicates that mannosan and galactosan are better specific tracers for combustion of contemporary biomass in those regions were the utilization of brown coals containing fossilized cellulose is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fabbri
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences "R. Sartori", CIRSA, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy
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Sobeih KL, Baron M, Gonzalez-Rodriguez J. Recent trends and developments in pyrolysis–gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1186:51-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Doménech-Carbó MT, Bitossi G, Osete-Cortina L, de la Cruz-Cañizares J, Yusá-Marco DJ. Characterization of polyvinyl resins used as binding media in paintings by pyrolysis–silylation–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 391:1371-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:689-700. [PMID: 17474104 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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21
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Peris-Vicente J, Lerma-García MJ, Simó-Alfonso E, Gimeno-Adelantado JV, Doménech-Carbó MT. Use of linear discriminant analysis applied to vibrational spectroscopy data to characterize commercial varnishes employed for art purposes. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 589:208-15. [PMID: 17418183 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An improvement of methodologies for characterising synthetic resins used in varnishes employed for art purposes has been suggested. Several kinds of standard of the most common polymeric resins (acrylic, vinyl, poly(vinyl alcohol), alkyd, cellulose nitrate, latex, polyester, polyurethane, epoxy, organosilicic, and ketonic) were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Synthetic resins characterization is based on the mathematical treatment of their whole spectrum, dividing it in 13 sections, avoiding the one-by-one interpretation of the absorption bands. The mathematical model takes as variables the maximal absorbance of each section, and each synthetic standard resin as categories. Two exploratory analysis methods, Hierarchical Clustering and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and a classificatory chemometric tool, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), are tested, validating the models by leave-one-out method. LDA is proved to be a powerful tool for grouping objects in categories, providing a satisfactory distinction of polymeric resin standards. The described analytical procedure has successfully been applied to characterization of synthetic resins contained in commercial varnishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peris-Vicente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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