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Chin ML, Au CK, Chan CK, Jin L, Živković Stošić MZ, Đorđević Zlatković MR, Zlatković D, Pavlović NM, Chan W. Fabrication of a Simple and Efficient HPLC Reduction Column for Online Conversion of Aristolochic Acids to Aristolactams Prior to Sensitive Fluorescence Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12365-12372. [PMID: 37565718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids produced naturally by plants from the Aristolochia and Asarum genera, which have been used extensively as herbal medicines. In addition to consuming AA-containing herbal medicinal products, there is emerging evidence that humans are also exposed to AA through the environment. In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for global action to remove AA exposure sources and to implement preventative measures against the development of AA-associated cancers. Herein, we report the development of a simple and efficient iron powder-packed reduction column that allows online post-column conversion of the nonfluorescing AA to its corresponding strongly fluorescing aristolactam (AL), facilitating the sensitive and selective detection of AA in herbal medicinal products, food grain, arable soil, or groundwater samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Moreover, AL, a group of naturally occurring derivatives of AA that have demonstrated toxicity to cultured bacteria, human cells, and rats, is monitored and quantified simultaneously with AA in one single run without sacrificing sensitivity. In comparison with existing analytical methods for AA measurement, the newly developed method is not only inexpensive and less laborious, but it also offers improved sensitivity. We believe this novel method will find wide application in identifying the presence of AA in food, herbal medicines, and environmental samples, thus assisting in the identification and removal of AA exposure sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Lung Chin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Kit Au
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Kong Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Milena Z Živković Stošić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Miljana R Đorđević Zlatković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Dragan Zlatković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Wan Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
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Tubaon RM, Haddad PR, Quirino JP. High-sensitivity analysis of anionic sulfonamides by capillary electrophoresis using a synergistic stacking approach. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1349:129-34. [PMID: 24856966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A synergistic stacking approach whereby field-enhanced sample injection and micelle-to-solvent stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis are combined has been developed and has been applied to the separation and quantification of anionic sulfonamides. Electrokinetic injection of the sample in a low conductivity alkaline diluent was performed for 90s at -15kV. Micelle-to-solvent stacking was then undertaken by hydrodynamic injection of micellar cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution prior to the electrokinetic injection of sample that also contained 50% methanol. This combined stacking approach, when compared to a typical hydrostatic injection, provided improvements in peak height and corrected peak area in the range of 397-1024 and 758-1246, respectively. Limits of quantification in the range of 0.01-0.03μg/mL were obtained for sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine and sulfamethizole and were sufficient for the determination of these analytes in river water. The percentage recovery and accuracy values obtained for a fortified river water sample that had been subjected to sample preparation by evaporation and reconstitution with diluent were 74-135%. Intra-day and inter-day repeatabilities for migration time, peak height, and corrected peak area were in the range 0.5-5.0% (percentage relative standard deviation, n=8) and these relatively low values were attributed to the use of a stable capillary coating established by the successive multiple ionic-polymer layer technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Marni Tubaon
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Paul R Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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Rabanes HR, Guidote AM, Quirino JP. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products: Highlights of the last five years (2006-2010). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:180-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen XJ, Zhao J, Wang YT, Huang LQ, Li SP. CE and CEC analysis of phytochemicals in herbal medicines. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:168-79. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chiang SY, Shih WC, Liao HT, Shu PC, Wey MT, Huang HF, Wu KY. Analysis of urinary aristolactams by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2494-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Yang Y, Chen J, Shi YP. Determination of aristolochic acid in urine using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 24:1350-5. [PMID: 21077254 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) technique in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography is presented for extraction and quantitative determination of aristolochic acid I in human urine samples. Several parameters influencing the efficiency of HF-LPME were investigated and optimized, including extraction solvent, stirring rate, extraction time, pH of donor phase and acceptor phase. Excellent sample clean-up was observed and good linearity with coefficient of 0.9999 was obtained in the range of 15.4-960 µg/L. This method provided a 230-fold enrichment factor and good repeatability with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 6.0%. The limit of detection value for the analyte in urine sample was 0.01 µg/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The extraction recovery from urine samples was 61.8% with an RSD of 9.71%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Fu X, Bai Y, Zhai M, Liao Y, Liao J, Liu H. Improvement of reproducibility and sensitivity of CE analysis by using the capillary coated dynamically with carboxymethyl chitosan. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:2821-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Guo L, Yue H, Cai Z. A novel pre-column fluorescent derivatization method for the sensitive determination of aristolochic acids in medicinal herbs by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu Q, Jia L, Hu C. On-Line Concentration Methods for Analysis of Fat-Soluble Vitamins by MEKC. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Sample stacking techniques remain an important tool for enhancement of the selectivity and sensitivity of analyses in contemporary CZE. This contribution reviews new knowledge on this topic published since 2006. It is organized according to the operational principles used, which include concentration adjustment, application of a pH step, MEKC and sweeping, and transient ITP. Techniques combining several of these principles and comparative studies are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
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Silva M. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography: Methodological and instrumental advances focused on practical aspects. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:50-64. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Ganzera M. Quality control of herbal medicines by capillary electrophoresis: Potential, requirements and applications. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3489-503. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li S, Han Q, Qiao C, Song J, Lung Cheng C, Xu H. Chemical markers for the quality control of herbal medicines: an overview. Chin Med 2008; 3:7. [PMID: 18588699 PMCID: PMC2488332 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of chemical markers is crucial for the quality control of herbal medicines, including authentication of genuine species, harvesting the best quality raw materials, evaluation of post-harvesting handling, assessment of intermediates and finished products, and detection of harmful or toxic ingredients. Ideal chemical markers should be the therapeutic components of herbal medicines. However, for most herbal medicines, the therapeutic components have not been fully elucidated or easily monitored. Bioactive, characteristic, main, synergistic, correlative, toxic and general components may be selected. This article reviews the effective use of chemical markers in the quality control of herbal medicines including the selection criteria considering the roles and physicochemical factors which may affect the effective use of chemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Li
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Quanbin Han
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chunfeng Qiao
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jingzheng Song
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chuen Lung Cheng
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Simultaneous analysis of six aristolochic acids and five aristolactams in herbal plants and their preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1182:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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