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Mansour FR, Hilder EF, Algethami FK, Alomar T, Arrua RD. Effect of hydrophilic/lipophilic balance on the porogenic properties of non-ionic surfactants for monolith preparation and chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1699:463991. [PMID: 37104946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) of polyoxyethylene ethers of different chain lengths on the microporogenic properties of the Brij surfactants has been studied. The objective of this work is to help better understand the role of each porogen and to set criteria for selecting the proper non-ionic surfactant, based on the HLB value. Seven recipes of different porogen compositions were first prepared and the highest efficiency was achieved using decane/decanol/dodecanol mixture with Brij® 30. Then, four other Brij surfactants covering the entire HLB scale were tested, and the prepared monoliths were characterized by SEM, BET, FT-IR and chromatography. The results showed that increasing the HLB from 9.72 to 18.84 was accompanied by an increase in monolith density and surface areas. The optimum HLB range was found to be 10 to 15. Surfactants of lower HLB formed either nonporous or less efficient columns, while those of higher HLB formed non-permeable columns. Adjusting the HLB was possible by mixing surfactants of different HLB. The prepared monoliths could be used in the isocratic mode with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of ACN and water (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5 μL min-1 to separate five sulfa drugs. The separation results showed that the elution order of the compounds correlated with their lipophilicity, with sulfamerazine (logp = 0.52) being the first to elute, and sulfaquinoxoline (logp=1.70) being the most retained. The asymmetry factors of the separated compounds ranged between 1.18 and 1.25, and the resolution was found to be in the range 2.92-7.80. The prepared monoliths could be also successfully separate a mixture of four different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and a mixture of four benzoic acid derivatives. This work assists in optimizing the surfactant-based porogenic mixture to meet the desired porosity, surface area, morphology and chromatographic separation requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Emily F Hilder
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia
| | - Faisal K Algethami
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90905, Riyadh, 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghrid Alomar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Dario Arrua
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia
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Detection of fraud of palm, sunflower, and corn oil in butter using HPLC profile of tocopherols and tocotrienols by response surface method. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Bezerra MA, Lemos VA, Novaes CG, de Jesus RM, Filho HRS, Araújo SA, Alves JPS. Application of mixture design in analytical chemistry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mansour FR, Waheed S, Paull B, Maya F. Porogens and porogen selection in the preparation of porous polymer monoliths. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:56-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fotouh R. Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyTanta University Tanta Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Services CenterFaculty of PharmacyTanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Sidra Waheed
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES) School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES) School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Ba X, Xia S, Zhao W, Yin D, Zhang S. Tetra-proline-modified calix[4]arene-bonded silica stationary phase for simultaneous reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction mixed-mode chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1374-1383. [PMID: 30677234 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new water-soluble tetra-proline-modified calix[4]arene-bonded silica stationary phase was prepared straightforwardly by an indirect method and characterized by elemental analysis, energy dispersive Spectrometry, solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Due to the simultaneous introduction of polar tetra-proline and nonpolar calix[4]arene, the developed column possessing a double retention mode of reverse-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. A series of hydrophobic and hydrophilic test samples, including nucleosides and nucleotides, amines, monosubstituted benzenes, chiral compounds, and phenols, were used to evaluate the developed stationary phase. A rapid separation capability, high separation efficiency, and selectivity were achieved based on the multiple interactions between solutes and tetra-proline-modified calix[4]arene-bonded silica stationary phase. Moreover, the developed stationary phase was further used to detect and separate hexamethylenetetramine in rice flour. All the results indicated the potential merits of the developed stationary phase for simultaneous separation of complex hydrophobic and hydrophilic samples with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guangrui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ba
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaige Xia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- Center for Advanced Analysis and Computational Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Lv X, Tan W, Chen Y, Chen Y, Ma M, Chen B, Yao S. Facile “one-pot” synthesis of poly(methacrylic acid)-based hybrid monolith via thiol-ene click reaction for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1454:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Mitulović G. New HPLC Techniques for Proteomics Analysis: A Short Overview of Latest Developments. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.941266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Mitulović
- a Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Proteomics Core Facility , Medical University of Vienna , Wien , Austria
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Ohyama K, Inoue Y, Kishikawa N, Kuroda N. Preparation and characterization of surfactin-modified silica stationary phase for reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1371:257-60. [PMID: 25456604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Surfactants are good candidates as selectors in mixed-mode reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) because they contain both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic moiety. Surfactin, a cyclic heptapeptide, is an efficient biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis that comprises seven amino acids and a β-hydroxyl fatty acid. A surfactin-modified silica (SMS) stationary phase was prepared by amide bond formation between amino groups on aminopropyl silica and the carboxylic acid groups of L-Glu and L-Asp residues in surfactin. The resulting SMS stationary phase was characterized in both RPLC and HILIC mode using different mobile phases. The SMS column was found to separate analytes in both modes. The retention of polar solutes exhibited "U-shaped" curves, depending on the acetonitrile content. "U-shaped" curves are an indicator of RPLC/HILIC mixed-mode retention behavior. The presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties in surfactin provides unique properties that allow the SMS column to be used for both RPLC and HILIC separations, simply by changing the mobile phase composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Ohyama
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Yu Inoue
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Naoya Kishikawa
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Naotaka Kuroda
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan.
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Aqel A, ALOthman ZA, Yusuf K, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Alwarthan AA. Preparation and Evaluation of Benzyl Methacrylate Monoliths for Capillary Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:201-10. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Tong S, Zhou X, Zhou C, Li Y, Li W, Zhou W, Jia Q. A strategy to decorate porous polymer monoliths with graphene oxide and graphene nanosheets. Analyst 2013; 138:1549-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36608h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang F, Min Y, Geng X. Fast separations of intact proteins by liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3033-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yi Min
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Xindu Geng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
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Tong S, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhou W, Jia Q, Duan T. Preparation of porous polymer monolithic column incorporated with graphene nanosheets for solid phase microextraction and enrichment of glucocorticoids. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1253:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Preparation and Evaluation of Long Chain Alkyl Methacrylate Monoliths for Capillary Chromatography. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abbood A, Herrenknecht C, Proczek G, Descroix S, Rodrigo J, Taverna M, Smadja C. Hexylacrylate-based mixed-mode monolith, a stationary phase for the nano-HPLC separation of structurally related enkephalins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:459-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gu C, Shamsi SA. CEC-atmospheric pressure ionization MS of pesticides using a surfactant-bound monolithic column. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1162-1174. [PMID: 20349511 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A surfactant bound poly (11-acrylaminoundecanoic acid-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic column was simply prepared by in situ co-polymerization of 11-acrylaminoundecanoic acid and ethylene dimethacrylate with 1-propanol, 1,4-butanediol and water as porogens in 100 microm id fused-silica capillary in one step. This column was used in CEC-atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI)-MS system for separation and detection of N-methylcarbamates pesticides. Numerous parameters are optimized for CEC-APPI-MS. After evaluation of the mobile phase composition, sheath liquid composition and the monolithic capillary outlet position, a fractional factorial design was selected as a screening procedure to identify factors of ionization source parameters, such as sheath liquid flow rate, drying gas flow rate, drying gas temperature, nebulizing gas pressure, vaporizer temperature and capillary voltage, which significantly influence APPI-MS sensitivity. A face-centered central composite design was further utilized to optimize the most significant parameters and predict the best sensitivity. Under optimized conditions, S/Ns around 78 were achieved for an injection of 100 ng/mL of each pesticide. Finally, this CEC-APPI-MS method was successfully applied to the analysis of nine N-methylcarbamates in spiked apple juice sample after solid phase extraction with recoveries in the range of 65-109%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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