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Li J, Hong M. Impact of Candida railenensis during fermentation on the aromatic profile of Vidal blanc icewine. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192006. [PMID: 37614599 PMCID: PMC10442558 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed culture fermentation with non-Saccharomyces yeasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as multi-starters has more advantages than spontaneous fermentation, and wine products with distinctive and pleasant aromas can fulfill the diverse demands of consumers. This study was carried out to illuminate the effect of sequential inoculation of indigenous Candida railenensis and S. cerevisiae on alcoholic fermentation behavior and chemical and aromatic characteristics of Vidal blanc icewine. During the mixed culture fermentation, C. railenensis was present in the initial and middle stages but was absent after 14 days. The results of basic chemical parameters showed that the glycerol content in the mixed culture-fermented icewine was higher than that of the pure fermented icewine, but the acetic acid content was the opposite. In terms of volatile aroma compounds, C. railenensis in the mixed culture fermentation reduced some metabolites such as lower alcohols, 1-hexanol, 3-methylthiopropanol, and their unpleasant notes and increased the production of some desired volatile aroma compounds such as benzaldehyde, β-damascenone, 2-furanmethanol, and 5-methyl furfural associated with rose, honey, nut, and caramel characteristics. Furthermore, C. railenensis also changed the sensory performance of icewine by participating in the fermentation of S. cerevisiae. These findings suggest that C. railenensis with positive enological properties has the ability to be used in icewine production, which has never been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Food and Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengnan Hong
- School of Food and Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Wang Y, Wang X, Hu G, Zhang Z, Al-Romaima A, Bai X, Li J, Zhou L, Li Z, Qiu M. Comparative studies of fermented coffee fruits post-treatments on chemical and sensory properties of roasted beans in Yunnan, China. Food Chem 2023; 423:136332. [PMID: 37182497 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, medium roasted coffee with four different fermented coffee fruits post-treatments (dry, wet, semi-dry and hot air dry) was used as the material. Chemical profile and sensorial analysis were used to comprehensively analyze the effects of post-treatments on coffee flavor characteristics from multiple dimensions. A total of 31 water-soluble chemical components and 39 volatile compounds were identified in roasted coffee, and distinct post-treatments based on chemical orientation make coffee highly differentiated. In addition, the principal component analysis (PCA) of the chemical composition integrated data set showed that the first two principal components could explain 54.9% of the sample variability. All four post-treatments can be classified as "specialty coffees" according to the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) protocol, with various organoleptic characteristics and flavor attributes. As a result, the fermented coffee fruits post-treatment method further determines the quality characteristics of coffee, thus meeting the needs of different niche markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China; Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Ruili 678600, Yunnan, PR China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China; Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Ruili 678600, Yunnan, PR China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Guilin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhirun Zhang
- Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Ruili 678600, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Abdulbaset Al-Romaima
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xuehui Bai
- Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Ruili 678600, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Ruili 678600, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhongrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Minghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China.
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Mafata M, Stander M, Masike K, Buica A. Exploratory data fusion of untargeted multimodal LC-HRMS with annotation by LCMS-TOF-ion mobility: White wine case study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2023; 29:111-122. [PMID: 36942424 PMCID: PMC10068406 DOI: 10.1177/14690667231164096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Applied sciences have increased focus on omics studies which merge data science with analytical tools. These studies often result in large amounts of data produced and the objective is to generate meaningful interpretations from them. This can sometimes mean combining and integrating different datasets through data fusion techniques. The most strategic course of action when dealing with products of unknown profile is to use exploratory approaches. For omics, this means using untargeted analytical methods and exploratory data analysis techniques. The current study aimed to perform data fusion on untargeted multimodal (negative and positive mode) liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry data using multiple factor analysis. The data fusion results were interpreted using agglomerative hierarchical clustering on biplot projections. The study reduced the thousands of spectral signals processed to less than a hundred features (a primary parameter combination of retention time and mass-to-charge ratios, RT_m/z). The correlations between cluster members (samples and features from) were calculated and the top 10% highly correlated features were identified for each cluster. These features were then tentatively identified using secondary parameters (drift time, ion mobility constant and collision cross-section values) from the ion mobility spectra. These ion mobility (secondary) parameters can be used for future studies in wine chemical analysis and added to the growing list of annotated chemical signals in applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Mafata
- School for Data Science and Computational Thinking,
Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South
Africa
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, South African Grape and Wine
Research Institute, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South
Africa
| | - Maria Stander
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Keabetswe Masike
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Astrid Buica
- School for Data Science and Computational Thinking,
Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South
Africa
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, South African Grape and Wine
Research Institute, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South
Africa
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4
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Eggermont D, Spadafora ND, Aspromonte J, Purcaro G. Unraveling the impact of the capsule material on the aroma of brewed coffee by headspace analysis using a HiSorb probe followed by reverse fill/flush flow modulation GC×GC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:2511-2521. [PMID: 36482082 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present paper discusses the use of a high-concentration-capacity tool, HiSorb, to investigate the impact of capsule material on the aroma profile of espresso-brewed coffee. The specific high-concentration-capacity probe used is characterized by a sorbent volume (63 μL) intermediate between the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber (0.6 μL) and the stir-bar sorptive extraction rod (126 μL). The extraction performance of the HiSorb was compared, in terms of both absolute signal and compound coverage, with both an equivalent sorbent (polydimethylsiloxane) and a divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane SPME fiber using both targeted and untargeted approaches. The HiSorb showed superior extraction compared with the SPME fibers. The HiSorb was then optimized in terms of extraction time and temperature and used to investigate the volatile profile of 23 espresso-brewed coffees prepared with capsules made of different materials-aluminum, compostable, and aluminum multilayer pack-prepared using a refillable capsule. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography equipped with a reverse fill/flush flow modulator and coupled to mass spectrometry was used to obtain a chromatographic fingerprint of the volatile profile of the brewed coffee. The data were aligned and compared using a tile-based approach, and the results were obtained by performing raw data mining within the same software platform. The data mining enabled the extraction of informative features responsible for the differentiation between the different capsule materials, showing a significant depletion in aroma intensity in the compostable capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Eggermont
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Bât. G1 Chimie des agro-biosystèmes, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Natasha Damiana Spadafora
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juan Aspromonte
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC-PBA, CONICET), 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Bât. G1 Chimie des agro-biosystèmes, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
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5
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Coffee Roasting and Extraction as a Factor in Cold Brew Coffee Quality. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the dynamic growth of the cold brew coffee market, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize main bioactive and aromatic compounds that may be helpful for quality control during the production of popular beverages. Using headspace solid-phase microextraction and GC-MS and LC-MS analysis, prepared cold brew coffee extracts were investigated and compared with different green bean roasting profiles and varying extraction temperature and time parameters. In terms of quantitative composition, the study showed that cold brew coffees are an exceptional source of chlorogenic acid. Therefore, they may change consumers purchasing decisions on the beverage market and establish a new and natural substitute for controversial energy drinks. The analyses confirm the possibility of producing a beverage with increased chlorogenic acid content above 900 mg/L or at a similar level of 400–500 mg/L with caffeine, which may be important on an industrial scale due to the possibility of diversifying beverage production. Furthermore, aroma compounds were presented as markers responsible for fruity or caramel–roasted-almond notes and changes in their concentrations according to the recipe were also presented. The best option for cold brew coffee production appears to be beans roasted in the 210–220 °C temperature range.
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Welke JE, Hernandes KC, Nicolli KP, Barbará JA, Biasoto ACT, Zini CA. Role of gas chromatography and olfactometry to understand the wine aroma: Achievements denoted by multidimensional analysis. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:135-168. [PMID: 33245848 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human nose has been used as a detector in gas chromatography analysis to evaluate odoriferous compounds related to aroma and quality of wine. Several olfactometric techniques are available to access the description, intensity, and/or duration of the odor of each compound. Olfactometry can be associated with one-dimensional gas chromatography or multidimensional gas chromatography, including heart-cut gas chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Multidimensional gas chromatography may help to resolve coeluted compounds and detect important trace components for the aroma. The identification of odor-active compounds may help to differentiate wines according to terroir, grapes cultivars used in winemaking or types of aging, understand the role of fungal infection of grapes for wine quality, find the best management practices in vineyard and vinification to obtain the greatest quality. In addition, when the instrumental techniques are combined with sensory analysis, even more accurate information may be obtained regarding the overall wine aroma. This review discloses the state of the art of olfactometric methods and the analytical techniques used to investigate odor-active compounds such as one-dimensional gas chromatography, multidimensional gas chromatography, and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. The advances in knowledge of wine aroma achieved with the use of these techniques in the target and profiling approaches were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Elisa Welke
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karolina Cardoso Hernandes
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine Primieri Nicolli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janaína Aith Barbará
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Alcaraz Zini
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Changes in the physicochemical properties and flavour compounds of beef bone hydrolysates after Maillard reaction. Food Res Int 2019; 123:642-649. [PMID: 31285014 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the changes in physicochemical properties and volatile compounds of beef bone hydrolysates during heat treatment as a result of the Maillard reaction (MR). Five beef bone hydrolysates obtained from single (P-Protamex®, B-bromelain, and F-Flavourzyme®) and simultaneous (P + F and B + F) enzymatic hydrolysis treatments were combined with ribose in aqueous solutions and heated at 113 °C to produce Maillard reaction products (MRPs). Total free amino acids decreased after heat treatment indicating the occurrence of the MR. MRPs showed a decrease in pH and an increase in browning intensity as the degree of hydrolysis of hydrolysates increased. The volatiles compounds generated during heat treatment were evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) sampling. A total of 40 volatile compounds were identified in all MRPs and their concentration were found to increase with increasing degree of hydrolysis. Pyrazines were the most abundant class of compounds produced as a result of the MR. F-MRP showed the highest peak area intensity for 17 volatile compounds in single hydrolysis treatment followed by heat treatment. There was also no significant difference in those major volatile compounds between F-MRP and P + F-MRP or B + F-MRP from simultaneous hydrolysis treatment after heating. Hence, the use of Flavourzyme® alone to increase the flavour intensity of beef bone extract is recommended. Overall results indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis and MR could be used to modify the flavour characters of beef bone extract.
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Mafata M, Stander MA, Thomachot B, Buica A. Measuring Thiols in Single Cultivar South African Red Wines Using 4,4-Dithiodipyridine (DTDP) Derivatization and Ultraperformance Convergence Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2018; 7:foods7090138. [PMID: 30200222 PMCID: PMC6164067 DOI: 10.3390/foods7090138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine varietal thiols are important contributors to wine aroma. The chemical nature of thiols makes them difficult to measure due to low concentrations, high sensitivity to oxidation, and low ionization. Methods for the measurement of thiols usually consist of multiple steps of sample preparation followed by instrumental measurement. Studies have collected large datasets of thiols in white wine but not in red wine, due to the lack of availability of suitable methods. In this study, for the first time, convergence chromatography was used to measure thiols in red wine at ultratrace levels with improved sensitivity compared to previous methods. Performance parameters (selectivity, linearity, limits of detection, precision, accuracy) were tested to demonstrate the suitability of the method for the proposed application. Red wine thiols were measured in South African Pinotage, Shiraz, and Cabernet Sauvignon wines (n = 16 each). Cultivar differentiation using the thiol profile was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Mafata
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Maria A Stander
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Baptiste Thomachot
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Astrid Buica
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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9
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Akanni GB, De Kock HL, Naudé Y, Buys EM. Volatile compounds produced by Bacillus species alkaline fermentation of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc) into a dawadawa-type African food condiment using headspace solid-phase microextraction and GC × GC–TOFMS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1460757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel B. Akanni
- Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | | | - Yvette Naudé
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Elna M. Buys
- Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
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10
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Giannoukos S, Marshall A, Taylor S, Smith J. Molecular Communication over Gas Stream Channels using Portable Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2371-2383. [PMID: 28733965 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic generation/coding and transmission of olfactory information over a gas stream or an odor network is a new and unexplored field. Application areas vary from the entertainment or advertisement industry to security and telemedicine. However, current technological limitations frustrate the accurate reproduction of decoded and transmitted olfactory data. This study describes the development, testing, and characterization of a novel odor emitter (OE) that is used to investigate the generation-encoding of gaseous standards with odorous characteristics with a regulatable way, for scent transmission purposes. The calibration and the responses of a developed OE were examined using a portable quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). Experiments were undertaken for a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at different temperatures and flow rates. Individual compounds and mixtures were tested to investigate periodic and dynamic transmission characteristics within two different size tubular containers for distances up to 3 m. Olfactory information transmission is demonstrated using MS as the main molecular sensor for odor detection and monitoring and for the first time spatial encryption of olfactory information is shown. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatios Giannoukos
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Alan Marshall
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK.
| | - Jeremy Smith
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
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11
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Neto FSPP, de Castilhos MBM, Telis VRN, Telis-Romero J. Effect of ethanol, dry extract and reducing sugars on density and viscosity of Brazilian red wines. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1421-1427. [PMID: 25046846 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Density and viscosity are properties that exert great influence on the body of wines. The present work aimed to evaluate the influence of the alcoholic content, dry extract, and reducing sugar content on density and viscosity of commercial dry red wines at different temperatures. The rheological assays were carried out on a controlled stress rheometer, using concentric cylinder geometry at seven temperatures (2, 8, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 26 °C). RESULTS Wine viscosity decreased with increasing temperature and density was directly related to the wine alcohol content, whereas viscosity was closely linked to the dry extract. Reducing sugars did not influence viscosity or density. Wines produced from Italian grapes were presented as full-bodied with higher values for density and viscosity, which was linked to the higher alcohol content and dry extract, respectively. CONCLUSION The results highlighted the major effects of certain physicochemical properties on the physical properties of wines, which in turn is important for guiding sensory assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia S P P Neto
- Engineering and Food Science PhD Program, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Review of the role and methodology of high resolution approaches in aroma analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 854:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Theron K, Muller M, van der Rijst M, Cronje J, le Roux M, Joubert E. Sensory profiling of honeybush tea (Cyclopia species) and the development of a honeybush sensory wheel. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Rambla-Alegre M, Tienpont B, Mitsui K, Masugi E, Yoshimura Y, Nagata H, David F, Sandra P. Coupling gas chromatography and electronic nose detection for detailed cigarette smoke aroma characterization. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1365:191-203. [PMID: 25260341 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aroma characterization of whole cigarette smoke samples using sensory panels or electronic nose (E-nose) devices is difficult due to the masking effect of major constituents and solvent used for the extraction step. On the other hand, GC in combination with olfactometry detection does not allow to study the delicate balance and synergetic effect of aroma solutes. To overcome these limitations a new instrumental set-up consisting of heart-cutting gas chromatography using a capillary flow technology based Deans switch and low thermal mass GC in combination with an electronic nose device is presented as an alternative to GC-olfactometry. This new hyphenated GC-E-nose configuration is used for the characterization of cigarette smoke aroma. The system allows the transfer, combination or omission of selected GC fractions before injection in the E-nose. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) allowed clear visualizing of the differences among cigarette brands and classifying them independently of their nicotine content. Omission and perceptual interaction tests could also be carried out using this configuration. The results are promising and suggest that the GC-E-nose hyphenation is a good approach to measure the contribution level of individual compounds to the whole cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rambla-Alegre
- Research Institute for Chromatography, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Bart Tienpont
- Research Institute for Chromatography, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Kazuhisa Mitsui
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Tobacco Science Research Center, 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, 227-8512 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eri Masugi
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Tobacco Science Research Center, 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, 227-8512 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshimura
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Tobacco Science Research Center, 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, 227-8512 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hisanori Nagata
- Japan Tobacco Inc., Tobacco Science Research Center, 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, 227-8512 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Frank David
- Research Institute for Chromatography, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Pat Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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Gas chromatography analysis with olfactometric detection (GC-O) as a useful methodology for chemical characterization of odorous compounds. SENSORS 2013; 13:16759-800. [PMID: 24316571 PMCID: PMC3892869 DOI: 10.3390/s131216759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) technique couples traditional gas chromatographic analysis with sensory detection in order to study complex mixtures of odorous substances and to identify odor active compounds. The GC-O technique is already widely used for the evaluation of food aromas and its application in environmental fields is increasing, thus moving the odor emission assessment from the solely olfactometric evaluations to the characterization of the volatile components responsible for odor nuisance. The aim of this paper is to describe the state of the art of gas chromatography-olfactometry methodology, considering the different approaches regarding the operational conditions and the different methods for evaluating the olfactometric detection of odor compounds. The potentials of GC-O are described highlighting the improvements in this methodology relative to other conventional approaches used for odor detection, such as sensoristic, sensorial and the traditional gas chromatographic methods. The paper also provides an examination of the different fields of application of the GC-O, principally related to fragrances and food aromas, odor nuisance produced by anthropic activities and odorous compounds emitted by materials and medical applications.
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Kang KM, Baek HH. Aroma quality assessment of Korean fermented red pepper paste (gochujang) by aroma extract dilution analysis and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-olfactometry. Food Chem 2013; 145:488-95. [PMID: 24128505 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess aroma quality of gochujang using purge and trap, simultaneous steam distillation and solvent extraction (SDE), and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), followed by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). Nineteen and 28 aroma-active compounds were detected by aroma extract dilution analysis of purge and trap and SDE, respectively. Diallyl disulfide and 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine played a significant role in the aroma quality of gochujang. Twelve aroma-active compounds were detected by HS-SPME-GC-O based on sample dilution analysis. Methional, diallyl disulfide, and 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine were the most intense aroma-active compounds. 3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine was identified for the first time in gochujang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mo Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Dankook University, San 29, Anseo-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, South Korea
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