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Peng W, Reyes CDG, Gautam S, Yu A, Cho BG, Goli M, Donohoo K, Mondello S, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y. MS-based glycomics and glycoproteomics methods enabling isomeric characterization. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:577-616. [PMID: 34159615 PMCID: PMC8692493 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most significant and abundant posttranslational modifications in mammalian cells. It mediates a wide range of biofunctions, including cell adhesion, cell communication, immune cell trafficking, and protein stability. Also, aberrant glycosylation has been associated with various diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, inflammation, immune deficiencies, congenital disorders, and cancers. The alterations in the distributions of glycan and glycopeptide isomers are involved in the development and progression of several human diseases. However, the microheterogeneity of glycosylation brings a great challenge to glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis, including the characterization of isomers. Over several decades, different methods and approaches have been developed to facilitate the characterization of glycan and glycopeptide isomers. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been a powerful tool utilized for glycomic and glycoproteomic isomeric analysis due to its high sensitivity and rich structural information using different fragmentation techniques. However, a comprehensive characterization of glycan and glycopeptide isomers remains a challenge when utilizing MS alone. Therefore, various separation methods, including liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and ion mobility, were developed to resolve glycan and glycopeptide isomers before MS. These separation techniques were coupled to MS for a better identification and quantitation of glycan and glycopeptide isomers. Additionally, bioinformatic tools are essential for the automated processing of glycan and glycopeptide isomeric data to facilitate isomeric studies in biological cohorts. Here in this review, we discuss commonly employed MS-based techniques, separation hyphenated MS methods, and software, facilitating the separation, identification, and quantitation of glycan and glycopeptide isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sakshi Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Aiying Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Byeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mona Goli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Donohoo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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2
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Molnarova K, Cokrtova K, Tomnikova A, Krizek T, Kozlik P. Liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis in glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022; 153:659-686. [PMID: 35754790 PMCID: PMC9212196 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most significant and abundant post-translational modifications in cells. Glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses involve the characterization of oligosaccharides (glycans) conjugated to proteins. Glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis is highly challenging because of the large diversity of structures, low abundance, site-specific heterogeneity, and poor ionization efficiency of glycans and glycopeptides in mass spectrometry (MS). MS is a key tool for characterization of glycans and glycopeptides. However, MS alone does not always provide full structural and quantitative information for many reasons, and thus MS is combined with some separation technique. This review focuses on the role of separation techniques used in glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses, liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The most important separation conditions and results are presented and discussed. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Molnarova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cokrtova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Tomnikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Krizek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Poyer S, Seffouh I, Lopin-Bon C, Jacquinet JC, Neira JL, Salpin JY, Daniel R. Discrimination of sulfated isomers of chondroitin sulfate disaccharides by HILIC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7107-7117. [PMID: 34651208 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans are biologically active sulfated polysaccharides that pose an analytical challenge for their structural analysis and functional evaluation. In this study, we developed a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography separation method and its on-line coupling to mass spectrometry (MS) allowing efficient differentiation and sensitive detection of mono-, di-, and trisulfated CS disaccharides and their positional isomers, without requiring prior derivatization. The composition of the mobile phase in terms of pH and concentration showed great influence on the chromatographic separation and was varied to allow the distinction of each CS without signal overlap for a total analysis time of 25 min. This methodology was applied to determine the disaccharide composition of biological reaction media resulting from various enzymatic transformations of CS, such as enzymatic desulfation of CS disaccharides by a CS 4-O-endosulfatase, and depolymerization of the CS endocan by chondroitinase lyase ABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Poyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Univ Evry, LAMBE, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes, France.
- CY Cergy Paris Université, LAMBE, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes, France.
| | - Ilham Seffouh
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Univ Evry, LAMBE, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- CY Cergy Paris Université, LAMBE, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | | | | | - José L Neira
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jean-Yves Salpin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Univ Evry, LAMBE, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- CY Cergy Paris Université, LAMBE, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Régis Daniel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Univ Evry, LAMBE, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes, France.
- CY Cergy Paris Université, LAMBE, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes, France.
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4
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Berlinck RGS, Crnkovic CM, Gubiani JR, Bernardi DI, Ióca LP, Quintana-Bulla JI. The isolation of water-soluble natural products - challenges, strategies and perspectives. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:596-669. [PMID: 34647117 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Covering period: up to 2019Water-soluble natural products constitute a relevant group of secondary metabolites notably known for presenting potent biological activities. Examples are aminoglycosides, β-lactam antibiotics, saponins of both terrestrial and marine origin, and marine toxins. Although extensively investigated in the past, particularly during the golden age of antibiotics, hydrophilic fractions have been less scrutinized during the last few decades. This review addresses the possible reasons on why water-soluble metabolites are now under investigated and describes approaches and strategies for the isolation of these natural compounds. It presents examples of several classes of hydrosoluble natural products and how they have been isolated. Novel stationary phases and chromatography techniques are also reviewed, providing a perspective towards a renaissance in the investigation of water-soluble natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila M Crnkovic
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Gubiani
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Darlon I Bernardi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laura P Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jairo I Quintana-Bulla
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Fukudome H, Yamaguchi T, Higuchi J, Ogawa A, Taguchi Y, Li J, Kabuki T, Ito K, Sakai F. Large-scale preparation and glycan characterization of sialylglycopeptide from bovine milk glycomacropeptide and its bifidogenic properties. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1433-1444. [PMID: 33246621 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a 7,000-Da glycopolypeptide released from κ-casein during cheese making. The O-glycan chains linked to GMP have many biological activities, but their utilization for nutraceutical products is limited due to their low content. To concentrate the functional glycan chains of GMP, we prepared sialylglycopeptide concentrate (SGC) from GMP-containing whey protein concentrate via proteolytic digestion of peptide chains and concentration of sialylglycopeptide by ultrafiltration using membranes with a molecular weight cut-off of 1,000 Da. The abundant saccharides detected in the prepared SGC were N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac: 32.3% wt/wt), N-acetylgalactosamine (11.3%), and galactose (10.2%), which constitute O-glycans attached to GMP. The Neu5Ac content in SGC was found concentrated at approximately 4.8-fold of its content in GMP-containing whey protein concentrate (6.8%). Structural analysis of O-glycopeptides by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry identified 88 O-glycopeptides. Moreover, O-acetylated or O-diacetylated Neu5Ac was detected in addition to the previously characterized O-glycans of GMP. Quantitative analysis of O-glycan in SGC by fluorescence labeling of chemically released O-glycan revealed that a disialylated tetrasaccharide was the most abundant glycan (76.6% of the total O-glycan). We further examined bifidogenic properties of SGC in vitro, which revealed that SGC served as a more potent carbon source than GMP and contributes to the growth-promoting effects on certain species of bifidobacteria. Overall, our study findings indicate that SGC contains abundant O-glycans and has a bifidogenic activity. Moreover, the protocol for the preparation of SGC described herein is relatively simple, providing a high yield of glycan, and can be used for large-scale preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Fukudome
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamaguchi
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Junichi Higuchi
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ogawa
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Yuichi Taguchi
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Juan Li
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kabuki
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Koutaro Ito
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sakai
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co. Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1165, Japan.
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Molnarova K, Kozlík P. Comparison of Different HILIC Stationary Phases in the Separation of Hemopexin and Immunoglobulin G Glycopeptides and Their Isomers. Molecules 2020; 25:E4655. [PMID: 33065988 PMCID: PMC7594091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation analysis is challenging due to the structural variety of complex conjugates. However, chromatographically separating glycans attached to tryptic peptides enables their site-specific characterization. For this purpose, we have shown the importance of selecting a suitable hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) stationary phase in the separation of glycopeptides and their isomers. Three different HILIC stationary phases, i.e., HALO® penta-HILIC, Glycan ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) Amide, and ZIC-HILIC, were compared in the separation of complex N-glycopeptides of hemopexin and Immunoglobulin G glycoproteins. The retention time increased with the polarity of the glycans attached to the same peptide backbone in all HILIC columns tested in this study, except for the ZIC-HILIC column when adding sialic acid to the glycan moiety, which caused electrostatic repulsion with the negatively charged sulfobetaine functional group, thereby decreasing retention. The HALO® penta-HILIC column provided the best separation results, and the ZIC-HILIC column the worst. Moreover, we showed the potential of these HILIC columns for the isomeric separation of fucosylated and sialylated glycoforms. Therefore, HILIC is a useful tool for the comprehensive characterization of glycoproteins and their isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128-43 Prague, Czech Republic;
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7
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Li B, Guo F, Hu H, Liu P, Tan M, Pan J, Zhai L. The characterization of column heating effect in nanoflow liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS)-based proteomics. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4441. [PMID: 31840882 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Column heating strategy is often applied in nano-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (nanoHPLC-MS) platform for enhancing the analytical efficiency of peptides or proteins. Nonetheless, the influence effects of column heating in peptides or proteins identification still lack of deep understanding. In this study, a systematic comparison of room temperature (RT) and column heating of nanoHPLC was done. Based on the data, under column heating condition, the backpressure of nanoHPLC can be decreased. Due to the increase of resolution, the peak widths of precursor ion were narrowed. As a result, in MS/MS data acquisition part, more time was spared for MS1 detecting and MS2 fragmenting, which eventually resulted in increased identification of peptides and proteins. Moreover, we also proposed the application scope of column heating by evaluating its influence on sample detection. On one hand, column heating significantly increased the identification of membrane proteins due to more efficient elution of highly hydrophobic peptides compared with RT. On the other hand, heating was not suitable for analyzing short or/and hydrophilic peptides with low retention time, which would be eluted out during sample loading process under high temperature and missed by mass spectrometric detection. In conclusion, our study provides a reference for rational application of column heating in proteomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Shanghai Easymass Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyi Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linhui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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8
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Kozlov O, Kadlecová Z, Gilar M, Gondová T, Kalíková K, Tesařová E. Systematic evaluation of selected supercritical fluid chromatography diol‐ and diethylamine‐based columns for application in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kozlov
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ScienceP. J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Kadlecová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Taťána Gondová
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ScienceP. J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tesařová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Prague Czech Republic
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9
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Ikegami T. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the analysis of biopharmaceutical drugs and therapeutic peptides: A review based on the separation characteristics of the hydrophilic interaction chromatography phases. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:130-213. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ikegami
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Kyoto Japan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pharmaceutical (Bio-) Analysis; Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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10
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Giannakou M, Varvaresou A, Kiriazopoulos E, Papageorgiou S, Kavvalou E, Tsirivas E, Panderi I. Quantification of oligopeptide-20 and oligopeptide-24 in cosmetic creams using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giannakou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Zografou Greece
| | - Athanasia Varvaresou
- Technological Education Institution of Athens, School of Health and Caring Professions, Department of Aesthetics and Cosmetology; Laboratory of Cosmetic Science; Greece
| | - Evaggelos Kiriazopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Zografou Greece
| | - Spiridon Papageorgiou
- Technological Education Institution of Athens, School of Health and Caring Professions, Department of Aesthetics and Cosmetology; Laboratory of Cosmetic Science; Greece
| | - Eirini Kavvalou
- University of Crete, School of Medicine; Department of Dermatology; Heraklion Greece
| | - Efstathios Tsirivas
- Technological Education Institution of Athens, School of Health and Caring Professions, Department of Aesthetics and Cosmetology; Laboratory of Cosmetic Science; Greece
| | - Irene Panderi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Zografou Greece
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11
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Chromatography of Quorum Sensing Peptides: An Important Functional Class of the Bacterial Peptidome. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Furuki K, Toyo'oka T. Retention of glycopeptides analyzed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography is influenced by charge and carbon chain length of ion-pairing reagent for mobile phase. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Furuki
- Process Lab II, Biotechnology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Shizuoka Japan
| | - Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Shizuoka Japan
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13
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Iverson CD, Gu X, Lucy CA. The hydrophilicity vs. ion interaction selectivity plot revisited: The effect of mobile phase pH and buffer concentration on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography selectivity behavior. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1458:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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