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Tang S, Hao Q, Huang Y, Zhao S, Hu K. Highly selective and sensitive histamine and tryptamine analysis using SiO 2@AuNPs@PDA molecularly imprinted polymer coupled with SALDI-TOF MS. Talanta 2024; 270:125538. [PMID: 38086223 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A combination of SiO2@AuNPs@PDA molecularly imprinted and surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF MS) was devised as a method for highly specific and ultrasensitive detection of two biogenic amines-histamine (HIS) and tryptamine (TRP)-in real samples. In this strategy, AuNPs modified amino-abundant silica nanospheres (SiO2@AuNPs). The prepared SiO2@AuNPs were used as a substrate to synthesize a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) through in situ dopamine self-polymerization with HIS and TRP as the template molecules (SiO2@AuNP@PDA-MIP). The as-prepared MIP structure, properties, and target-analyte identification conditions were characterized and optimized and it was used as the matrix for MS. Compared to the case of nonimprinted materials, the imprinting function endowed the matrix with a higher selectivity for capturing the target molecules. The enriched analytes were directly and rapidly identified using SALDI-TOF MS without elution. Meanwhile, the proposed method has low background interference, good reproducibility and stability, high salt tolerance, and satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.99), and it enables ultrasensitive detection of HIS and TRP (limits of detection for HIS and TRP were 0.2 and 0.1 ng mL-1, respectively). Moreover, the proposed method was applied to analyze samples of real beer, sausage, and chicken, and the results agreed with those obtained via liquid chromatography-MS, suggesting that the method has excellent practical applications in the field of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Qing Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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2
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Cárdenas S. The role of sustainable materials in sample preparation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2049-2056. [PMID: 37910201 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation is a constantly evolving step in the measurement process with a positive effect on its performance. Its evolution has been marked by an underlying environmental commitment, with simplification, miniaturization, and automation being three of its driving forces. This trends article deepens how the sample preparation can go sustainable through the efficient design of new sorptive materials, either liquid or solid. This objective can be achieved by using natural and/or biodegradable materials as precursors of the functional sorptive phases and by designing materials that simplify the procedures (thus reducing the energy or resources required). Although environmental performance is a crucial aspect of a new material, its applicability is what really defines its incorporation into the sample preparation toolbox. For this reason, their characteristics and more relevant applications will be briefly presented to conclude with the tendency of their use in the very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation Research Group (AS2P), Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico Para La Energía y El Medioambiente (IQUEMA), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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3
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Bitay E, Csavdari A. Some Unmodified Household Adsorbents for the Adsorption of Benzalkonium Chloride-A Kinetic and Thermodynamic Case Study for Commercially Available Paper. TOXICS 2023; 11:950. [PMID: 38133351 PMCID: PMC10748045 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of biocide surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BAC) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to the buildup of this hazardous chemical in waste, surface and groundwater. e The study aims to elucidate whether various low-cost household materials are suitable, in their unmodified and untreated form, to effectively adsorb BAC from its aqueous solutions.. Additionally, if a proper adsorbent is identified, a description of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the process is also targeted. From among the five tested materials, a commercially available white household paper towel was chosen to best satisfy the criteria of low price, large availability, and standardization degree, as well as high adsorption capacity within a fairly short time window needed until equilibrium. Batch experiments were carried out with a commercial mixture of BAC-12 and BAC-14 within a temperature range of 18-45 degrees Celsius, and a 25-100 mg/g BAC/adsorbent initial mass ratio range, respectively. The overall process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic law, with an apparent activation energy of 73.35 KJ/mole. Both the Langmuir and the Redlich-Peterson isotherms describe the equilibrium data at 298 K well, with a Gibbs free energy of -20.64 KJ/mole. These findings are in agreement with previous reports and suggest a hybrid but chemisorption-dominated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Bitay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Calea Sighișoarei 2, 540485 Târgu-Mureş, Romania
- Bánki Donát Faculty of Mechanical and Safety Engineering, Óbuda University, Népszínház Street 8, 1081 Budapest, Hungary
- Research Institute of the Transylvanian Museum Society, Napoca Street 2-4, 400009 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Csavdari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany Janos Street 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Analytical, Colloidal Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050040, Republic of Kazakhstan
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López-Ruiz I, Lasarte-Aragonés G, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Deep eutectic solvent coated paper: Sustainable sorptive phase for sample preparation. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1698:464003. [PMID: 37094540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based sorptive phases have gained attention recently due to the low-cost and sustainable character of the cellulosic substrate. However, the sustainability of the resulting phase can be limited by type of coating used for analytes isolation. In this article, this limitation is overcome by using deep eutectic solvents (DES) as coating. To this aim, a Thymol-Vanillin DES is synthesized and deposited on pre-cut cellulose paper strips. The paper-supported DES is employed as sorptive phase for the isolation of selected triazine herbicides for environmental waters analysis. The isolated analytes are finally determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. The method is optimized according to the critical variables that potentially affect its analytical performance such as sample volume, extractant amount, extraction time and sample ionic strength. The method was characterized in terms of sensitivity, accuracy and precision and its applicability was evaluated for the analysis of real environmental water samples. Good linearity values (R2>0.995) were obtained for all the analytes. Limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 µg L-1 and the precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) was better than 14.7%. The relative recoveries, calculated in spiked well and river samples, were in the range 90-106%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada López-Ruiz
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lasarte-Aragonés
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain.
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain.
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5
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Cellulose paper sorptive extraction (CPSE): A simple and affordable microextraction method for analysis of basic drugs in blood as a proof of concept. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1214:123551. [PMID: 36459855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aiming towards simplifying sample preparation procedure, the present work explores use of unmodified laboratory filter paper as sorbent for extraction of nine basic drugs (five antidepressants, four benzodiazepines, and ketamine) from human blood samples and their analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The procedure termed as cellulose paper sorptive extraction (CPSE) is straightforward. It involves adsorption of target analytes from deproteinized diluted blood samples on the unmodified cellulose paper followed by elution into 2 mL of methanol. Multivariate optimization, consisting of Placket-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD), was used to screen and optimize significant factors for CPSE. The proposed method follows the principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC), as the unmodified filter paper used as the sorbent is inexpensive and biodegradable. The technique is easy to perform and requires only 2 mL of MeOH during the entire extraction procedure. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection and quantification for the target analytes were estimated to be in the range of 0.003-0.035 and 0.010-0.117 µg mL-1, respectively. In contrast, the relative standard deviations were consistently below 10 %. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.015-2 µg mL-1 with a coefficient of determination (R2) in the range of 0.995-0.999.Satisfactory recoveries ranging from 87 to 99 % was achieved. As proof of concept, the analysis of nine drugs in blood samples from the patients was performed to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed method.
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Vejar-Vivar C, Millán-Santiago J, Mardones C, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Polydopamine inner wall-coated hypodermic needle as microextraction device and electrospray emitter for the direct analysis of illicit drugs in oral fluid by ambient mass spectrometry. Talanta 2022; 249:123693. [PMID: 35751921 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In this article, polydopamine inner wall-coated hypodermic needles (PDA-HNs) are evaluated as both microextraction devices and electrospray ionization (ESI) emitters for determining selected illicit drugs (methamphetamine, cocaine, and methadone) in oral fluid samples. The PDA film, located in the inner wall of the needle, allows the extraction of the analytes at alkaline pH, where their hydrophobic character is promoted. The extracted analytes are finally eluted in a methanol/formic acid mixture that also acts as ESI solution. For this purpose, a dedicated interface based on the connection of a PEEK tube with the needle hub is proposed. This assembly allows delivering the ESI solution by the infusion syringe pump of the mass spectrometer, providing an efficient ESI on the tip of the needle. The double use of the PDA-HNs as microextraction devices and ESI emitters permits the determination of the target analytes with limits of detection and precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) values better than 2.4 μg/L and 17.6%, respectively. The accuracy was evaluated by analyzing independent spiked oral fluid samples, obtaining good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Vejar-Vivar
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS(2)P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Casilla 237, Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime Millán-Santiago
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS(2)P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Claudia Mardones
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Casilla 237, Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS(2)P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS(2)P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
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7
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Li M, Li P, Han Y, Han D, Yan H. Rapid and inexpensive nylon-66-filter solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for analyzing perfluorinated carboxylic acids in milk. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Cirrincione M, Lucena R, Protti M, Mercolini L, Cárdenas S. Potential of hydrophobic paper-based sorptive phase prepared by in-situ thermal imidization for the extraction of methadone from oral fluid samples. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463166. [PMID: 35623193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based sorptive phases (PSPs) are functional planar materials with a demonstrated potential in analytical sample preparation. This article describes the synthesis of a polyimide coated paper by an in-situ imidization at a high temperature. Polyimides (PI) are synthesized in two subsequent steps where a hydrophilic polymer, in this case, poly(amic acid) (PAA), is formed as an intermediate product. PAA is finally transformed into hydrophobic PI by thermal curing at 180 °C. The synthesis of PI-paper takes advantage of this two-step procedure. In the first stage, a segment of filter paper is immersed into an aqueous PAA solution. After the solvent evaporation, the paper is heated at 180 °C for 1 h inducing the formation of the hydrophobic PI over the cellulose fibers. Infrared spectroscopy has been used to characterize the synthesized materials by defining a coverage factor F. The hydrophobicity of the materials has been studied using an aqueous methylene blue solution as a marker. To fully demonstrate the usefulness of the material in the sample preparation field, the extraction of methadone from oral fluid (OF) samples has been considered as a model analytical problem. The main variables affecting the synthesis (PAA concentration on the precursor solution and number of dips) and the extraction (elution and extraction times) have been fully evaluated. Working under the optimum conditions, a limit of quantification of 9 µg/L, intraday and interday precision better than 14.6%, and accuracy in the range of 87-108% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cirrincione
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS(2)P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, España; Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS(2)P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, España
| | - Michele Protti
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS(2)P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, España.
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9
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In-syringe cotton fiber-supported liquid extraction coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of free 3-mono-chloropropane-1,2-diol in edible oils. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Pre-cleaned bare wooden toothpicks for the determination of drugs in oral fluid by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5287-5296. [PMID: 35274154 PMCID: PMC9242915 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article deepens the potential of pre-cleaned bare wooden toothpicks (pb-WTs) for extracting drugs (antidepressants and acetaminophen) from oral fluid samples. The leaching of the intrinsic compounds from the wood matrix is identified as the main challenge for the final determination of the targets, even when a very selective instrumental technique, such as mass spectrometry, is employed. The pre-cleaning of the WTs is proposed for improving the analytical performance. The number of cleaning cycles depends on the injection mode (direct infusion or chromatography) into the mass spectrometer. The different variables affecting the extraction of selected antidepressant drugs were studied in detail, and the optimum procedure was validated using the two mentioned injection modes. The limits of detection were in the ranges 0.1–0.5 ng/mL and 0.1–0.3 ng/mL for direct infusion and liquid chromatography, respectively. The intra-day precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) was better than 12.1% and 8.6%, for direct infusion and liquid chromatography, respectively. Single-blind samples were used to study the applicability of the method. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, the potential of pb-WTs for in vivo sampling was outlined.
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11
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Update on Biogenic Amines in Fermented and Non-Fermented Beverages. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030353. [PMID: 35159503 PMCID: PMC8834261 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of biogenic amines in food and beverages is mainly due to the presence of proteins and/or free amino acids that represent the substrates for microbial or natural enzymes with decarboxylation or amination activity. Fermentation occurring in many alcoholic beverages, such as wine, beer, cider, liqueurs, as well as coffee and tea, is one of the main processes affecting their production. Some biogenic amines can also be naturally present in some fruit juices or fruit-based drinks. The dietary intake of such compounds should consider all their potential sources by both foods and drinks, taking in account the health impact on some consumers that represent categories at risk for a deficient metabolic activity or assuming inhibiting drugs. The most important tool to avoid their adverse effects is based on prevention through the selection of lactic acid bacteria with low decarboxylating activity or good manufacturing practices hurdling the favoring conditions on biogenic amines' production.
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López-Lorente ÁI, Pena-Pereira F, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Zuin VG, Ozkan SA, Psillakis E. The Ten Principles of Green Sample Preparation. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Benedé JL, Chisvert A, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. A paper-based polystyrene/nylon Janus platform for the microextraction of UV filters in water samples as proof-of-concept. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:391. [PMID: 34693479 PMCID: PMC8542539 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new mix-mode cellulose-based sorptive phase is described that combines two different polymeric domains (i.e., nylon and polystyrene), thus providing simultaneous hydrophilic and hydrophobic features as a result. By analogy with Janus materials, the new paper-based sorptive phase has been named paper-based polystyrene/nylon Janus-platform (P-Ps/Ny-JP). The main advantages of the proposed P-Ps/Ny-JP are the sustainability, simplicity in synthesis, and low cost of this extraction device. The main parameters affecting the synthesis (i.e., coating procedure and polymers proportion) have been studied, and the resulting material has been characterized via scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. As a proof-of-concept, the simultaneous extraction of fourteen UV filters of a wide range of polarity, with log P values ranging from - 0.234 to 16.129, from water samples and their determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been performed. The proposed methodology enables the determination of these chemicals with limits of detection from 12 to 71 ng L-1, and the precision, expressed as a relative standard deviation, was below 15%. The extraction device was applied to the analysis of real water samples likely to contain UV filters (i.e., two private swimming pool water and one seawater) and the recovery values were in the range 73-121%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Benedé
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.,GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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14
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Millán-Santiago J, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Wooden-based materials: Eco-friendly materials for direct mass spectrometric analysis and microextraction. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:223-232. [PMID: 34558202 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials have arisen as a sustainable alternative in microextraction techniques during the last 10 years. As they are natural materials, their use fits into some of the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. Their inherent porosity, narrow shape, and rigidity permit their use in ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques. In particular, the combination of wooden-based materials and direct analysis gives birth to the so-called wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry technique. This approach has been used for the direct analysis of complex samples, and as a streamlined tool for fingerprint quality analysis. Also, wooden-based materials can be superficially modified to boost the interaction with target compounds, allowing their isolation from complex samples. This review describes the potential and applicability of direct analysis using lignocellulosic materials, as well as other alternatives related to their use in microextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Millán-Santiago
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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