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Behera BK, Parida SN, Kumar V, Swain HS, Parida PK, Bisai K, Dhar S, Das BK. Aeromonas veronii Is a Lethal Pathogen Isolated from Gut of Infected Labeo rohita: Molecular Insight to Understand the Bacterial Virulence and Its Induced Host Immunity. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040598. [PMID: 37111485 PMCID: PMC10143776 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A case of severe mortality in farmed Labeo rohita was investigated to characterize the causative agent. We identified the bacterial strain as Aeromonas veronii isolated from the gut of infected L. rohita by biochemical assay, scanning electron microscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The in vivo challenge experiment showed that the LD50 of A. veronii was 2.2 × 104 CFU/fish. Virulence gene investigation revealed that the isolated A. veronii possesses Aerolysin, Cytotoxic enterotoxin, Serine protease, Dnase and Type III secretion system genes. The isolated strain was resistant to two antibiotics (ampicillin and dicloxacillin) while susceptible to 22 other antibiotics. The study further revealed that A. veronii induced both stresses along with non-specific and specific immune responses marked by elevated cortisol HSP70, HSP90 and IgM levels in the treated L. rohita fingerlings. Although the bacterial pathogen enhances the immune response, the negative effect on fish, including stress, and high mortality, create concern and a need for A. veronii management in L. rohita farms. The knowledge gained from this study would facilitate future research aimed at assessing the pathogenicity of A. veronii, with an emphasis on microbial disease management in other farmed fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Kumar Behera
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Satya Narayan Parida
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Swain
- Aquaculture Production and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, Orissa, India
| | - Pranaya Kumar Parida
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Kampan Bisai
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Dhar
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
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Yang S, He T, Sun J, Sun S. Distinct Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling Of Clinically Important Aeromonas Spp. In Southwest China: A Seven-Year Surveillance Study. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2971-2978. [PMID: 31571949 PMCID: PMC6756270 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s216926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Co-evolution of host and aeromonads has diversified their spectrums of diseases and antibiograms, while a paucity of data was concerning about this diversity in China. To fill this gap, this study was aimed to investigate and compare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of clinically important Aeromonas spp. from various clinical sources. Methods A multicenter retrospective surveillance study was conducted in Chongqing from 2011 to 2017. Data of strains were retrieved from the database of China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS). Whonet 5.6 and Graphpad Prism 6 Software were adopted to determine and compare distribution and AMR patterns. Results Among 1135 Aeromonas strains, Aeromonas hydrophila complex (65.6%, 745/1135) was the most predominant species, followed by Aeromonas veronii complex (16.7%, 190/1135) and Aeromonas caviae complex (15.3%, 174/1135). Sputum was the most frequent source of strains (27.7%), followed by wound (20.8%), bloodstream (10.8%) and urine (8.8%). Urinary strains demonstrated the highest resistance rates to ceftriaxone (65.6%), ceftazidime (52.1%), cefepime (38.3%), ciprofloxacin (47.7%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (56.6%). Similar AMR pattern was observed in intestinal strains, with corresponding resistance rates of 29.4%, 28.9%, 22.2%, 27.3% and 45%, respectively. However, respiratory, bloodstream and skin strains exhibited resistance rates of less than 20% to most of the antimicrobials tested. In terms of species, approximately 30% of Aeromonas hydrophila complex and Aeromonas caviae complex strains were resistant to ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while Aeromonas veronii complex strains harbored resistance rates of less than 20% to all tested antimicrobials. Although antibiograms of these species were distinct, they remained constant from 2011 to 2017. Conclusions Distinct AMR patterns between species and sources highlighted the predominance of Aeromonas hydrophila complex and high resistance of strains in urine and intestine to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Southwest China. Temporally constant AMR patterns should not relax the vigilance of antimicrobial resistance in clinically important Aeromonas species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong He
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jide Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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Lim SR, Lee DH, Park SY, Lee S, Kim HY, Lee MS, Lee JR, Han JE, Kim HK, Kim JH. Wild Nutria ( Myocastor coypus) Is a Potential Reservoir of Carbapenem-Resistant and Zoonotic Aeromonas spp. in Korea. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E224. [PMID: 31366125 PMCID: PMC6723217 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas spp. is a serious public and animal health concern. Wild animals serve as reservoirs, vectors, and sentinels of these bacteria and can facilitate their transmission to humans and livestock. The nutria (Myocastor coypus), a semi-aquatic rodent, currently is globally considered an invasive alien species that has harmful impacts on natural ecosystems and carries various zoonotic aquatic pathogens. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant zoonotic Aeromonas spp. in wild invasive nutrias captured in Korea during governmental eradication program. Three potential zoonotic Aeromonas spp. (A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. dhakensis) were identified among isolates from nutria. Some strains showed unexpected resistance to fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems. In carbapenem-resistant isolates, the cphA gene, which is related to intrinsic resistance of Aeromonas to carbapenems, was identified, and phylogenetic analysis based on this gene revealed the presence of two major groups represented by A. hydrophila (including A. dhakensis) and other Aeromonas spp. These results indicate that wild nutrias in Korea are a potential reservoir of zoonotic and antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas spp. that can cause infection and treatment failure in humans. Thus, measures to prevent contact of wild nutrias with livestock and humans are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Ra Lim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Do-Hun Lee
- Division of Ecological Conservation Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 33657, Korea
| | - Seon Young Park
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seungki Lee
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Hyo Yeon Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- Division of Ecological Conservation Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 33657, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hye Kwon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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Subbaram K, Gatasheh MK, Al Azzam KM, Kannan H. Molecular identification of diarrheal Aeromonas using immuno magnetic polymerase chain reaction (IM-PCR) technique: a comparative study with conventional culture method. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2036-2042. [PMID: 31656487 PMCID: PMC6794535 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aeromonas are ubiquitous bacteria causing many clinical conditions including acute diarrhea. Diarrheagenic Aeromonas harbors aerolysin gene secreting virulent enterotoxin, aerolysin. Objectives To develop a molecular and immunological based method for detection of Aeromonas. Methods Diarrheal Aeromonas strains were identified from stool samples using culture, enterotoxicity testing using mice model. During immune magnetic polymerase chain reaction IM-PCR protocol, aerolysin specific antibodies were bound with immuno magnetic binding. Sensitivity and specificity tests for IM-PCR were conducted. Results There was high detection of Aeromonas using IM-PCR (12.4 %) technique when compared to low isolation with culture (5.1%). Our study confirmed that some strains of enterotoxic Aeromonas strains were uncultivable. Enterotoxicity tests on culture isolates revealed many strains were negative. IM-PCR detected high, (62/500) rate of identification of Aeromonas with aerolysin toxin gene. Aeromonas species identified after IM-PCR were A. hydrophila (40.3% ), A. veronii (17.7 %), A. caviae (14.5 %), A. trota (11.2 %), A. jandei (9.6 %) and A. schuberti (6.4%). All A. trota strains were undetected by cultivation. Conclusion High sensitivity and specificity of IM-PCR are due to preparation of aerolysin antibodies and immuno magnetic binding, prior to PCR. Since diseases due to Aeromonas are increasingly reported, IM-PCR is recommended for detection from clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Subbaram
- Preparatory Year Department, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldun M Al Azzam
- Preparatory Year Department, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemalatha Kannan
- Department of Laboratory Sciences & Pathology, P.O.Box-378, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Zhou Y, Yu L, Nan Z, Zhang P, Kan B, Yan D, Su J. Taxonomy, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas isolated from extra-intestinal and intestinal infections. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:158. [PMID: 30764764 PMCID: PMC6376669 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical characteristics (taxonomy, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance ) of Aeromonas in isolated from extra-intestinal and intestinal infections were investigated to describe epidemiology, associated virulence factors and optimal therapy options. METHODS Clinical samples (n = 115) of Aeromonas were collected from a general hospital in Beijing between the period 2015 and 2017. Taxonomy was investigate by Multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA), 10 putative virulence factors by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antimicrobial resistance to 15 antibiotics by use of the microbroth dilution method. RESULTS The most common species of Aeromonas detected in samples of intestinal tract included; A. caviae (43.9%), A. veronii (35.7%), and A. dhakensis (12.2%). Prevalent species of Aeromonas collected from extra-intestinal infections included; A. hydrophila (29.4%), A. caviae (29.4%), and A. dhakensis (23.5%). A. hydrophila were detected in 1% of stool samples and 29.4% (5/17) of extra-intestinal infections. A. hydrophila strains in extra-intestinal infections were related to malignancy. The most common medical conditions among patients with Aeromonas infections included malignancy and liver-transplant related cholecystitis. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was prevalent in extra-intestinal isolates (82.3%, 14/17) and was greater than the prevalence in intestinal isolates (30.6%, 30/98) (P < 0.05). Resistant rates of extra-intestinal isolates were 70.6, 35.3, 23.5 and 5.9% for ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and imipenem, respectively, and were higher than found in previous studies. Despite differences in the number and type of virulence genes among samples of Aeromonas, no significant correlation was found between invasion and virulent genes in intestinal or extra-intestinal infections. CONCLUSIONS Overall results of this study support a role for Aeromonas spp. as a potential causative infectious agent of gastroenteritis, and malignancy, liver cirrhosis, post liver transplantation in immunocompromised patients. A. hydrophila was more prevalent in samples of extra-intestinal infections when compared to samples of intestinal infections, and was especially prominent in samples of patients presenting with malignancy. Aeromonas isolates from extra-intestinal samples had high rates of drug resistance but 3rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides remain as options to treat severe diarrhea. However, increasing MDR of extra-intestinal infection samples warrants monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhou
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li Yu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Zheng Nan
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control; Department of Diarrheal Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Donghui Yan
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jianrong Su
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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