1
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Ray S, Roy A. Simple model for self-propulsion of microdroplets in surfactant solution. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:035102. [PMID: 37849129 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.035102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple active hydrodynamic model for the self-propulsion of a liquid droplet suspended in micellar solutions. The self-propulsion of the droplet occurs by spontaneous breaking of isotropic symmetry and is studied using both analytical and numerical methods. The emergence of self-propulsion arises from the slow dissolution of the inner fluid into the outer micellar solution as filled micelles. We propose that the surface generation of filled micelles is the dominant reason for the self-propulsion of the droplet. The flow instability is due to the Marangoni stress generated by the nonuniform distribution of the surfactant molecules on the droplet interface. In our model, the driving parameter of the instability is the excess surfactant concentration above the critical micellar concentration, which directly correlates with the experimental observations. We consider various low-order modes of flow instability and show that the first mode becomes unstable through a supercritical bifurcation and is the only mode contributing to the swimming of the droplet. The flow fields around the droplet for these modes and their combined effects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnak Ray
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore 560080, India
| | - Arun Roy
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore 560080, India
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2
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Berton-Carabin C, Villeneuve P. Targeting Interfacial Location of Phenolic Antioxidants in Emulsions: Strategies and Benefits. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2023; 14:63-83. [PMID: 36972155 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-060721-021636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
It is important to have larger proportions of health-beneficial polyunsaturated lipids in foods, but these nutrients are particularly sensitive to oxidation, and dedicated strategies must be developed to prevent this deleterious reaction. In food oil-in-water emulsions, the oil-water interface is a crucial area when it comes to the initiation of lipid oxidation. Unfortunately, most available natural antioxidants, such as phenolic antioxidants, do not spontaneously position at this specific locus. Achieving such a strategic positioning has therefore been an active research area, and various routes have been proposed: lipophilizing phenolic acids to confer them with an amphiphilic character; functionalizing biopolymer emulsifiers through covalent or noncovalent interactions with phenolics; or loading Pickering particles with natural phenolic compounds to yield interfacial antioxidant reservoirs. We herein review the principles and efficiency of these approaches to counteract lipid oxidation in emulsions as well as their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Berton-Carabin
- INRAE, UR BIA, Nantes, France;
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, France;
- Qualisud, University of Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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3
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Quantifying the spontaneous emulsification of a heavy hydrocarbon with the presence of a strong surfactant. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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We the Droplets: A Constitutional Approach to Active and Self-Propelled Emulsions. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Wentworth CM, Castonguay AC, Moerman PG, Meredith CH, Balaj RV, Cheon SI, Zarzar LD. Chemically Tuning Attractive and Repulsive Interactions between Solubilizing Oil Droplets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204510. [PMID: 35678216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Micellar solubilization is a transport process occurring in surfactant-stabilized emulsions that can lead to Marangoni flow and droplet motility. Active droplets exhibit self-propulsion and pairwise repulsion due to solubilization processes and/or solubilization products raising the droplet's interfacial tension. Here, we report emulsions with the opposite behavior, wherein solubilization decreases the interfacial tension and causes droplets to attract. We characterize the influence of oil chemical structure, nonionic surfactant structure, and surfactant concentration on the interfacial tensions and Marangoni flows of solubilizing oil-in-water drops. Three regimes corresponding to droplet "attraction", "repulsion" or "inactivity" are identified. We believe these studies contribute to a fundamental understanding of solubilization processes in emulsions and provide guidance as to how chemical parameters can influence the dynamics and chemotactic interactions between active droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciera M Wentworth
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alexander C Castonguay
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Pepijn G Moerman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Caleb H Meredith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rebecca V Balaj
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Seong Ik Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lauren D Zarzar
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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6
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Wentworth CM, Castonguay AC, Moerman PG, Meredith CH, Balaj RV, Cheon SI, Zarzar LD. Chemically Tuning Attractive and Repulsive Interactions between Solubilizing Oil Droplets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciera M. Wentworth
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | | | - Pepijn G. Moerman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Caleb H. Meredith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Rebecca V. Balaj
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Seong Ik Cheon
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Lauren D. Zarzar
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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7
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Impact of Oil Phase Solubility on Droplet Ripening when Nanoemulsions are Mixed with Emulsions. FOOD BIOPHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-022-09724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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9
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Koroleva MY, Yurtov EV. Ostwald ripening in macro- and nanoemulsions. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Mauriello E, Ferrari G, Donsì F. Effect of formulation on properties, stability, carvacrol release and antimicrobial activity of carvacrol emulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111424. [PMID: 33099148 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The structural design of essential oil emulsions can be exploited to modulate their antimicrobial activity, through the effect that the main formulation parameters (oil phase composition and type of emulsifier) have on the release of encapsulated antimicrobial compounds. In this work, different emulsions containing carvacrol, selected as model essential oil component, were characterized in terms of emulsions size, stability, and carvacrol release and solubilization, determined in Franz cells, and tested for minimum inhibitory and microbicidal concentration against P. fluorescens, S. epidermidis, and S. cerevisiae. The results showed that carvacrol fraction in the oil phase significantly affected oil viscosity, density, and O/W interfacial tension. Carvacrol solubilization in the aqueous phase, in equilibrium with the oil mixture, increased with the concentration of carvacrol in the oil phase and with the presence of an emulsifier/stabilizer in the aqueous phase. However, when encapsulated in emulsions carvacrol solubilization exhibited a weak dependence on carvacrol fraction in oil phase because part of the emulsifier/stabilizer was adsorbed at the O/W interface. Higher carvacrol solubilization was observed for WPM Pickering emulsions, followed by WPI and T80 emulsions. The antimicrobial activity was proportional to carvacrol solubilization, suggesting that emulsion droplets act as micrometric tanks for carvacrol, which is steadily released over time in the aqueous phase. The high carvacrol solubilization in the aqueous phase at higher carvacrol fractions in the oil phase (≥75% w/w) was also responsible for lower T80 and WPI emulsion stability because of coalescence, whereas all WPM emulsions exhibited signs of flocculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mauriello
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy; ProdAl Scarl, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy.
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11
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Chen CY, Papadopoulos KD. Temperature and Salting out Effects on Nicotine Dissolution Kinetics in Saline Solutions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7738-7744. [PMID: 32309681 PMCID: PMC7160829 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The dissolution rate of nicotine in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) was investigated at room temperature and 70 °C by quantitatively visualizing the shrinkage rate of microscopic nicotine droplets. Four different salt concentrations were used: 15 wt % (3.0 M), 20 wt % (4.3 M), 25 wt % (5.7 M), and the saturation NaCl concentration of 26 wt % (6.0 M). These results, together with the Epstein-Plesset mathematical model, provided estimates of nicotine's diffusion coefficient in the NaCl solutions. At room temperature, the dissolution rate of nicotine and diffusion coefficients decreased with increasing NaCl concentration, and below 15 wt %, the dissolution kinetics were too fast to measure accurately via optical microscopy. At the higher temperature of 70 °C, nicotine's dissolution rate showed a decrease for 15 and 20% NaCl. However, at near-saturation 25% NaCl, nicotine's dissolution rate did not exhibit significant change for the two temperatures, and for 26%, dissolution was higher at 70 °C than at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Kyriakos D. Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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12
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Lee YT, Pozzo LD. Contrast-Variation Time-Resolved Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Analysis of Oil-Exchange Kinetics Between Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Anionic Surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15192-15203. [PMID: 31689363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Contrast-variation time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (CV-SANS) was used to examine oil-exchange kinetics between identical mixtures of hydrogenated/deuterated hexadecane emulsion systems. Oil-exchange rates were estimated by transforming recorded scattering profiles to a relaxation function and by fitting to exponential decay models. We find that the oil-exchange process was accelerated when the droplets were stabilized by anionic surfactants even at concentrations well below the surfactant critical micelle concentration. Moreover, the exchange rate was not significantly accelerated when surfactant micelles were present. This suggests that micellar-mediated transport mechanisms do not play the dominant role in these systems. Screening electrostatic repulsion by increasing the ionic strength of the medium also had a negligible effect on oil-exchange kinetics. In contrast, the use of oils with shorter alkane chain lengths (e.g., dodecane), having a higher solubility in water, significantly accelerated rates of oil transport between droplets. Oil-transport rates for hexadecane were also found to increase with temperature and to follow Arrhenius behavior. These results were rationalized as an increase in the droplet-collision frequency due to Brownian motion that results in direct oil transport without irreversible coalescence. Thus, primary mechanisms for oil exchange in insoluble anionic surfactant-stabilized emulsion systems are hypothesized to be through direct emulsion contact, reversible coalescence, and/or direct oil permeation through thin liquid films. CV-SANS is also demonstrated as a powerful technique for the study of transport kinetics in all kinds of emulsion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Lilo D Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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13
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Impact of ripening inhibitors on molecular transport of antimicrobial components from essential oil nanoemulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:568-576. [PMID: 31479830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to provide insights into the mechanisms involved in the mass transport of antimicrobial compounds from essential oil nanoemulsions to bacterial cell membranes. Origanum oil-in-water nanoemulsions were produced using spontaneous emulsification by titrating a mixture of essential oil, ripening inhibitor, and surfactant (Tween 80) into 5 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 3.5). Stable nanoemulsions containing relatively small droplets (d < 60 nm) were produced using this low-energy method. The nature of the ripening inhibitor used in the oil phase of the nanoemulsions affected the antimicrobial activity of the nanoemulsions: corn (LCT) > medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). Differences in antimicrobial activity were attributed to the differences in the rate of transfer of hydrophobic antimicrobial constituents from the nanoemulsion to the MCT emulsion, which was used to mimic the hydrophobic region of the bacterial cell membranes. Each antimicrobial nanoemulsion was separated from the MCT emulsion by a dialysis tubing. Dialysis tubing with two different pore sizes was used, one excluding nanoemulsion droplet and micelle delivery, allowing the delivery of antimicrobial compounds only through the aqueous phase and the other by both the aqueous phase and micelles. For origanum oil nanoemulsions, the delivery of all antimicrobial agents occurred more efficiently when micelles were present.
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14
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Gao S, Decker EA, McClements DJ. Molecular exchange processes in mixed oil-in-water nanoemulsions: Impact on droplet size and composition. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Gao S, McClements DJ. Influence of Disperse Phase Transfer on Properties of Nanoemulsions Containing Oil Droplets with Different Compositions and Physical States. FOOD BIOPHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-019-09585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Li Y, Diddens C, Prosperetti A, Chong KL, Zhang X, Lohse D. Bouncing Oil Droplet in a Stratified Liquid and its Sudden Death. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:154502. [PMID: 31050512 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.154502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Droplets can self-propel when immersed in another liquid in which a concentration gradient is present. Here we report the experimental and numerical study of a self-propelling oil droplet in a vertically stratified ethanol-water mixture: At first, the droplet sinks slowly due to gravity, but then, before having reached its density matched position, jumps up suddenly. More remarkably, the droplet bounces repeatedly with an ever increasing jumping distance, until all of a sudden it stops after about 30 min. We identify the Marangoni stress at the droplet-liquid interface as responsible for the jumping: its strength grows exponentially because it pulls down ethanol-rich liquid, which in turn increases its strength even more. The jumping process can repeat because gravity restores the system. Finally, the sudden death of the jumping droplet is also explained. Our findings have demonstrated a type of prominent droplet bouncing inside a continuous medium with no wall or sharp interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshen Li
- Physics of Fluids group, Max-Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Christian Diddens
- Physics of Fluids group, Max-Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Prosperetti
- Physics of Fluids group, Max-Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Texas 77204-4006, USA
| | - Kai Leong Chong
- Physics of Fluids group, Max-Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Physics of Fluids group, Max-Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 12-380 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Edmonton, T6G1H9 Alberta, Canada
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids group, Max-Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Awad TS, Asker D, Romsted LS. Evidence of coexisting microemulsion droplets in oil-in-water emulsions revealed by 2D DOSY 1H NMR. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 514:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Chuesiang P, Siripatrawan U, Sanguandeekul R, McLandsborough L, Julian McClements D. Optimization of cinnamon oil nanoemulsions using phase inversion temperature method: Impact of oil phase composition and surfactant concentration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 514:208-216. [PMID: 29257975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils, such as those isolated from cinnamon, are effective natural antimicrobial agents, but their utilization is limited by their low water-solubility. In this study, phase inversion temperature (PIT) was used to prepare cinnamon oil nanoemulsions. To this aim, it was hypothesized that cinnamon oil nanoemulsions could be fabricated by optimizing the oil phase composition and surfactant concentration of the system and their stability could be enhanced using a cooling-dilution method during the PIT. A mixture of cinnamon oil, non-ionic surfactant, and water was heated above the PIT of the system, and then rapidly cooled with continuous stirring, which led to the spontaneous generation of small oil droplets. The impact of oil phase composition and surfactant concentration on the formation and stability of the nanoemulsions was determined. Cinnamon oil nanoemulsions with the smallest mean droplet diameter (101 nm) were formed using 40:60 wt% of cinnamon oil and medium chain triglyceride (MCT) in the total lipid phase. Increasing surfactant concentration significantly decreased the mean droplet diameter of the nanoemulsions but did not alter their particle morphology. In addition, using the cooling-dilution method, the nanoemulsions were stable for at least 31 days when stored at 4 °C or 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanan Chuesiang
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; The Novel Technology for Food Packaging & Control of Shelf Life Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Ubonrat Siripatrawan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; The Novel Technology for Food Packaging & Control of Shelf Life Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Romanee Sanguandeekul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Lynne McLandsborough
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Erdmann ME, Lautenschlaeger R, Zeeb B, Gibis M, Weiss J. Effect of differently sized O/W emulsions loaded with rosemary extract on lipid oxidation in cooked emulsion-type sausages rich in n-3 fatty acids. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Extending Emulsion Functionality: Post-Homogenization Modification of Droplet Properties. Processes (Basel) 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/pr4020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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21
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Antoine C, Irvoas J, Schwarzenberger K, Eckert K, Wodlei F, Pimienta V. Self-Pinning on a Liquid Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:520-524. [PMID: 26789535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first experimental evidence of a self-pinning liquid drop on a liquid surface. This particular regime is observed for a miscible heavier oil drop (dichloromethane) deposited on an aqueous solution laden by an ionic surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide). Experimental characterization of the drop shape evolution coupled to particle image velocimetry points to the correlation between the drop profile and the accompanying flow field. A simple model shows that the observed pinned stage is the result of a subtle competition between oil dissolution and surfactant adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Antoine
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, Université Pierre et Marie Curie , 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Irvoas
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et de la Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse , 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - K Schwarzenberger
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Fluid Mechanics , D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Eckert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Fluid Mechanics , D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - F Wodlei
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et de la Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse , 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - V Pimienta
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et de la Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse , 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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22
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Pastoriza-Gallego MJ, Losada-Barreiro S, Bravo-Díaz C. Interfacial kinetics in octane based emulsions. Effects of surfactant concentration on the reaction between 16-ArN2+ and octyl and lauryl gallates. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Budilarto ES, Kamal-Eldin A. The supramolecular chemistry of lipid oxidation and antioxidation in bulk oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015; 117:1095-1137. [PMID: 26448722 PMCID: PMC4586479 DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment formed by surface active compounds is being recognized as the active site of lipid oxidation. Trace amounts of water occupy the core of micro micelles and several amphiphilic minor components (e.g., phospholipids, monoacylglycerols, free fatty acids, etc.) act as surfactants and affect lipid oxidation in a complex fashion dependent on the structure and stability of the microemulsions in a continuous lipid phase such as bulk oil. The structures of the triacylglycerols and other lipid-soluble molecules affect their organization and play important roles during the course of the oxidation reactions. Antioxidant head groups, variably located near the water-oil colloidal interfaces, trap and scavenge radicals according to their location and concentration. According to this scenario, antioxidants inhibit lipid oxidation not only by scavenging radicals via hydrogen donation but also by physically stabilizing the micelles at the microenvironments of the reaction sites. There is a cut-off effect (optimum value) governing the inhibitory effects of antioxidants depending inter alias on their hydrophilic/lipophilic balance and their concentrations. These complex effects, previously considered as paradoxes in antioxidants research, are now better explained by the supramolecular chemistry of lipid oxidation and antioxidants, which is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Budilarto
- Department of Food Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Influence of surfactant and oil composition on the stability and antibacterial activity of eugenol nanoemulsions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Erdmann ME, Zeeb B, Salminen H, Gibis M, Lautenschlaeger R, Weiss J. Influence of droplet size on the antioxidant activity of rosemary extract loaded oil-in-water emulsions in mixed systems. Food Funct 2015; 6:793-804. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00878b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of droplet size on the antioxidant activity of oil-in-water emulsions loaded with rosemary extract in mixed emulsion systems was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E. Erdmann
- Department of Food Physics and Meat Science
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology
- University of Hohenheim
- 70599 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Benjamin Zeeb
- Department of Food Physics and Meat Science
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology
- University of Hohenheim
- 70599 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Hanna Salminen
- Department of Food Physics and Meat Science
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology
- University of Hohenheim
- 70599 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Monika Gibis
- Department of Food Physics and Meat Science
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology
- University of Hohenheim
- 70599 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Ralf Lautenschlaeger
- Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food
- Max Rubner-Institut
- 95326 Kulmbach
- Germany
| | - Jochen Weiss
- Department of Food Physics and Meat Science
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology
- University of Hohenheim
- 70599 Stuttgart
- Germany
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26
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Bae M, Kim D, Cho SY, Lim J. Effect of Cosurfactant on Solubilization of Hydrocarbon Oils by Pluronic L64 Nonionic Surfactant Solution. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2014.52.2.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Peddireddy K, Kumar P, Thutupalli S, Herminghaus S, Bahr C. Myelin structures formed by thermotropic smectic liquid crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:15682-15688. [PMID: 24274621 DOI: 10.1021/la4038588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on transient structures, formed by thermotropic smectic-A liquid crystals, resembling the myelin figures of lyotropic lamellar liquid crystals. The thermotropic myelin structures form during the solubilization of a smectic-A droplet in an aqueous phase containing a cationic surfactant at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. Similar to the lyotropic myelin figures, the thermotropic myelins appear in an optical microscope as flexible tubelike structures growing at the smectic/aqueous interface. Polarizing microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy show that the smectic layers are parallel to the tube surface and form a cylindrically bent arrangement around a central line defect in the tube. We study the growth behavior of this new type of myelins and discuss similarities to and differences from the classical lyotropic myelin figures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Peddireddy
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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28
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Nakase M, Rokkaku H, Takeshita K. High-performance extraction operation using emulsion flow protected by surfactants in a liquid-liquid countercurrent centrifugal extractor. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2013.799399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Berton-Carabin CC, Elias RJ, Coupland JN. Reactivity of a model lipophilic ingredient in surfactant-stabilized emulsions: Effect of droplet surface charge and ingredient location. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Marze S. Bioaccessibility of Nutrients and Micronutrients from Dispersed Food Systems: Impact of the Multiscale Bulk and Interfacial Structures. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:76-108. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.525331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Kini GC, Biswal SL, Wong MS, Miller CA. Characteristics of spontaneously formed nanoemulsions in octane/AOT/brine systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 385:111-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Calderó G, Patti A, Llinàs M, García-Celma MJ. Diffusion in highly concentrated emulsions. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Peddireddy K, Kumar P, Thutupalli S, Herminghaus S, Bahr C. Solubilization of thermotropic liquid crystal compounds in aqueous surfactant solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12426-31. [PMID: 22799600 DOI: 10.1021/la3015817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study the micellar solubilization of three thermotropic liquid crystal compounds by immersing single drops in aqueous solutions of the ionic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide. For both nematic and isotropic drops, we observe a linear decrease of the drop size with time as well as convective flows and self-propelled motions. The solubilization is accompanied by the appearance of small aqueous droplets within the nematic or isotropic drop. At low temperatures, nematic drops expell small nematic droplets into the aqueous environment. Smectic drops show the spontaneous formation of filament-like structures which resemble the myelin figures observed in lyotropic lamellar systems. In all cases, the liquid crystal drops become completely solubilized, provided the weight fraction of the liquid crystal in the system is not larger than a few percent. The solubilization of the liquid crystal drops is compared with earlier studies of the solubilization of alkanes in ionic surfactant solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Peddireddy
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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34
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Rao J, McClements DJ. Lemon oil solubilization in mixed surfactant solutions: Rationalizing microemulsion & nanoemulsion formation. Food Hydrocoll 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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35
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Shahidi F, Zhong Y. Revisiting the polar paradox theory: a critical overview. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3499-3504. [PMID: 21375307 DOI: 10.1021/jf104750m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The polar paradox is a theory that illustrates the paradoxical behavior of antioxidants in different media and rationalizes the fact that polar antioxidants are more effective in less polar media, such as bulk oils, while nonpolar antioxidants are more effective in relatively more polar media, such as oil-in-water emulsions or liposomes. For 2 decades since it was proposed, the theory has been used to interpret results in antioxidant efficiency studies. However, more recently, new evidence from more comprehensive assessments has emerged that contradicts the polar paradox theory, hence necessitating its re-evaluation. More complex factors in addition to polarity must be taken into account to explain antioxidant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
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36
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Oehlke K, Heins A, Stöckmann H, Schwarz K. Impact of emulsifier microenvironments on acid–base equilibrium and activity of antioxidants. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Binks BP, Fletcher PD, Holt BL, Kuc O, Beaussoubre P, Wong K. Compositional ripening of particle- and surfactant-stabilised emulsions: a comparison. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2219-26. [DOI: 10.1039/b918812f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Ariyaprakai S, Dungan SR. Influence of surfactant structure on the contribution of micelles to Ostwald ripening in oil-in-water emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 343:102-8. [PMID: 20042193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rate of Ostwald ripening was measured, using light scattering, in 2 wt.% and 10 wt.% decane-in-water and dodecane-in-water emulsions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and several nonionic ethylene oxide dodecyl ethers--surfactants with tails containing 12 carbons, but with various headgroups--were used to form the emulsions. Emulsions were formed with sufficient quantities of the surfactant to saturate the droplet interfaces. The influence of surfactant micelles in the continuous phase was then explored by adding 1-5 wt.% surfactant to the water. The increase in the average droplet radius in the absence of micelles was found to agree qualitatively with Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory for the different surfactant types. The addition of micelles increased the rate of Ostwald ripening, by factors between 2 and 50, depending on the type and concentration of surfactant. However, there was no systematic correspondence between the increased rate and the equilibrium solubilization capacity of the micelles, nor was the rate decreased with increased strength of repulsive interactions between micelle and the droplet interface. It is proposed that the complex influence of surfactant on Ostwald ripening kinetics may depend on the ability of micelles to become supersaturated with oil--i.e., to incorporate solute temporarily above their equilibrium solubilization capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwimon Ariyaprakai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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39
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Everist M, MacNeil JA, Moulins JR, Leaist DG. Coupled mutual diffusion in solutions of micelles and solubilizates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:8173-82. [PMID: 19756273 DOI: 10.1039/b906452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coupled diffusion of micelles and solubilizates has been studied by measuring ternary mutual diffusion coefficients (D(ik)) for aqueous solutions of dodecylsulfobetaine (SB12) with added butanol, pentanol, or hexanol. SB12 micelles solubilize alcohols, so diffusing SB12(1) might be expected to co-transport alcohol(2). Negative values of cross-coefficient D(21) indicate, however, that the diffusion of SB12 drives substantial counterflows of alcohol. To help interpret the results, measured decreases in critical micelle concentrations with added alcohol (ROH) are used to evaluate equilibrium constants for the formation of (SB12)(m)(ROH)(n) mixed micelles. Increasing the concentration of SB12 along a diffusion path raises the concentrations of micelles and solubilized alcohol while lowering the concentration of free alcohol. The resulting flux of relatively mobile free alcohol molecules up SB12 concentration gradients is larger than the flux of solubilized alcohol down SB12 gradients, producing net countercurrent coupled fluxes of alcohol. The measured D(ik) coefficients are in close agreement (+/- 0.05 x 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1)) with predictions using self-diffusion coefficients (D(i)*) for SB12 and alcohol in solutions at thermodynamic equilibrium and the relations D(ik) = partial differential(C(i)D(i)*)/ partial differentialC(k) proposed recently for mutual diffusion in non-equilibrium solutions of associating solutes. Mutual diffusion coefficients for coupled surfactant-solubilizate diffusion are used to evaluate equilibrium constants for the formation of surfactant-solubilizate mixed micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Everist
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
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40
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Krafft MP, Riess JG. Chemistry, physical chemistry, and uses of molecular fluorocarbon--hydrocarbon diblocks, triblocks, and related compounds--unique "apolar" components for self-assembled colloid and interface engineering. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1714-92. [PMID: 19296687 DOI: 10.1021/cr800260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Krafft
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (SOFFT-CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex, Strasbourg, France.
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41
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Kumar V, Wang L, Riebe M, Tung HH, Prud’homme RK. Formulation and Stability of Itraconazole and Odanacatib Nanoparticles: Governing Physical Parameters. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1118-24. [PMID: 19366261 DOI: 10.1021/mp900002t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey 08544, and Merck Research Laboratory, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Lei Wang
- Chemical Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey 08544, and Merck Research Laboratory, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Mike Riebe
- Chemical Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey 08544, and Merck Research Laboratory, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Hsien-Hsin Tung
- Chemical Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey 08544, and Merck Research Laboratory, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Robert K. Prud’homme
- Chemical Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey 08544, and Merck Research Laboratory, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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42
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The partitioning of emulsifiers in o/w emulsions: A comparative study of SANS, ultrafiltration and dialysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 322:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Joshi JV, Aswal VK, Goyal PS. Structural Changes in Micelles of Different Sizes on Hydrocarbon Solubilization as Studied by SANS. J MACROMOL SCI B 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340701849236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. V. Joshi
- a UGC‐DAE CSR, Mumbai Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - V. K. Aswal
- b Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - P. S. Goyal
- a UGC‐DAE CSR, Mumbai Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
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44
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Ariyaprakai S, Dungan SR. Solubilization in monodisperse emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 314:673-82. [PMID: 17603068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 06/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of oil solubilization into micelles from nearly monodisperse alkane-in-water emulsion droplets was investigated. Emulsions containing either hexadecane or tetradecane oils were fractionated to be narrowly distributed, using a method developed by Bibette [J. Bibette, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 147 (1991) 474]. These monodisperse emulsions were mixed with SDS or Tween 20 aqueous micellar solutions of various concentrations. Time-dependent solubilization was monitored using light scattering and a decrease in average droplet size over time was observed, in contrast to what has been observed previously with polydisperse emulsions. The rate at which the droplet size decreased was found to be independent of the initial droplet size. Turbidity measurements were also used to track the solubilization kinetics, and a population balance analysis used on both types of measurements to extract effective mass transfer coefficients. The dependence of these transfer coefficients on droplet size, alkane type, surfactant type and concentration provide insights into plausible mechanisms of emulsion droplet solubilization within micellar solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwimon Ariyaprakai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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45
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Solubilization of Oleic Acid by Myrj 59 Surfactant. BORNEO JOURNAL OF RESOURCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1970. [DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.251.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is one of the sources of contamination in effluent that leads to problems such asclogging in drainpipes and sewer lines. POME discharge consists of high content of free fatty acids (FFAs) aswell as high concentration of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand and suspendedsolids. FFAs in effluent are not favorable due to low water solubility and resistant to biodegradation whenprecipitated from effluent and binds to soil limiting their bioavailability to microorganisms for biodegradation.Nonionic surfactants are favorable as hydrocarbon or oil solubilizer because they can perform at lowtemperatures, has low-foaming characteristics and relatively stable at high temperatures and under harshchemical conditions. Therefore, there is a need for the usage of surfactant that is biodegradable and at the sametime effective at solubilizing FFAs in POME before being released to streams. Thus, FFAs will be keptmobilized and readily available for biodegradation by microorganisms. Oleic acid is a long chain free fatty acidpresents as the major fatty acid component (40-52 %w/w) in palm oil. Oleic acid was selected for solubilizationby biodegradable nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene (100) stearate with the commercial name Myrj 59. Thesolubilizations were conducted with various concentrations of Myrj 59; below, at and above the critical micelleconcentration (CMC). The amount solubilized was determined by gas chromatography (GC) using flameionization detector (FID) technique. The solubilization process was confirmed by characterizing the solubilizedoil using Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) to observe changes in chemical bonds. Highest solubilization wasachieved with Myrj 59 solution at above its CMC, solubilizing 516.31 ppm oleic acid. The FTIR spectra showedstrong peak at 2927 cm-1 with high intensity suggesting intermolecular hydrogen bonding between oleic acid andethylene oxide (EO) groups of surfactant.
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