1
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Chatterjee P, Piecha D, Kotarba S, Syrek K, Pisarek M, Sulka GD. Hydrothermal Surface Engineering of Anodic WO 3 Photoelectrode by Simultaneous Iron Doping and Fe 3O 4/FeWO 4 Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:30284-30296. [PMID: 40340342 PMCID: PMC12100596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 05/01/2025] [Accepted: 05/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/10/2025]
Abstract
This study reports a hydrothermal surface modification approach to porous anodized WO3 to enhance its photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance. This results in the Fe doping of monoclinic WO3 and the simultaneous formation of Fe-containing phases, such as FeWO4 and Fe3O4. The photocurrent generated at the surface-engineered electrodes was double that of pure WO3 with long-term stability. The enhancement is attributable to the creation of oxygen vacancies due to Fe doping and the formation of the heterojunction between WO3 and FeWO4, a p-type semiconductor, which likely improved the charge carrier lifetime and charge transfer properties. Incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) measurements revealed enhanced visible light performance, supported by the observed red shift in the light absorption edge. This work is one of the few explorations of WO3 photoanodes with an opaque metal substrate that involves fabrication of a light-facing overlayer at the surface. Characterization of the fabricated electrodes was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). Photoelectrochemical studies were conducted using linear voltammetry, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (Nyquist, Bode, and Mott-Schottky plots).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Chatterjee
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387Krakow, Poland
| | - Daniel Piecha
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348Krakow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kotarba
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Syrek
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Pisarek
- Laboratory
of Surface Analysis, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw01-224, Poland
| | - Grzegorz D. Sulka
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387Krakow, Poland
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Hjiri M, Najeh I, Barakat FM, Neri G. Resistive nanostructured W 18O 49 gas sensors: an overview. RSC Adv 2025; 15:13370-13396. [PMID: 40290743 PMCID: PMC12025511 DOI: 10.1039/d5ra01197c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
The detection of toxic gases by resistive gas sensors, which are mainly fabricated using semiconducting metal oxides, is of importance from a safety point of view. These sensors have outstanding electrical and sensing properties as well as are inexpensive. W18O49 (WO2.72), which is a non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide, possesses abundant oxygen vacancies, which are beneficial for the adsorption of oxygen gas molecules and act as sites for sensing reactions. Thus, through the rational design of W18O49-based gas sensors using strategies such as morphology engineering, doping, decoration, formation of composites or their combination, the fabrication of high-performance W18O49 gas sensors is feasible. Herein, we present the gas-sensing features of pristine W18O49, doped W18O49, decorated W18O49 and composite-based W18O49 sensors. Moreover, focusing on the sensing mechanism of W18O49 sensors, this review provides an in-depth understanding on the working principles of the sensing of toxic gases using W18O49.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hjiri
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh 11623 Saudi Arabia
| | - I Najeh
- Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences in Gabes, Gabes University Gabes Tunisia
| | - Fatemah M Barakat
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - G Neri
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina Messina 98166 Italy
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3
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Zhou G, Fang Z, Li L, Wu S, Wu G, Wang R. Oxygen-Sensitive Nanomaterials Synthesized in an Open System: Water-Triggered Nucleation and Its Controllability in the Growth Process. Inorg Chem 2025; 64:6811-6815. [PMID: 40151922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c05392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
A novel method has been developed for synthesizing the oxygen-sensitive nanomaterial W18O49, utilizing 1,3-propanediol as a solvent, with water-triggered nucleation and controllable crystal growth in an open system. The amount of water addition was precisely investigated for the effect of the crystal growth process. Furthermore, the incorporation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid into the process led to the successful preparation of a functionalized nanocomposite polyester, W18O49/poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PTF), through in situ polymerization, exhibiting superior thermal insulation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhenxing Fang
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lu Li
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangfeng Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Dalian 116023, China
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Ding W, Feng M, Zhang Z, Fan F, Chen L, Zhang K. Machine learning-motivated trace triethylamine identification by bismuth vanadate/tungsten oxide heterostructures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 682:1140-1150. [PMID: 39671948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
Triethylamine, an extensively used material in industrial organic synthesis, is hazardous to the human respiratory and nervous systems, but its accurate detection and prediction has been a long-standing challenge. Herein, a machine learning-motivated chemiresistive sensor that can predict ppm-level triethylamine is designed. The zero-dimensional (0D) bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of three-dimensional (3D) tungsten oxide (WO3) architectures to form hierarchical BiVO4/WO3 heterostructures, which demonstrates remarkable triethylamine-sensing performance such as high response of 21 (4 times higher than pristine WO3) at optimal temperature of 190 °C, low detection limit of 57 ppb, long-term stability, reproducibility and good anti-interference property. Furthermore, an intelligent framework with good visibility was developed to identify ppm-level triethylamine and predict its definite concentration. Using feature parameters extracted from the sensor responses, the machine learning-based classifier provides a decision boundary with 92.3 % accuracy, and the prediction of unknown gas concentration was successfully achieved by linear regression model after training a series of as-known concentrations. This work not only provides a fundamental understanding of BiVO4-based heterostructures in gas sensors but also offers an intelligent strategy to identify and predict trace triethylamine under an interfering atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, PR China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Min Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, PR China.
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Faying Fan
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, PR China.
| | - Long Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Liu K, Lin M, Zhao Z, Zhang K, Yang S. Rational Design and Application of Breath Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring. ACS Sens 2025; 10:15-32. [PMID: 39740129 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
Biomarkers contained in human exhaled breath are closely related to certain diseases. As a noninvasive, portable, and efficient health diagnosis method, the breath sensor has received considerable attention in recent years for early disease screening and prevention due to its user-friendly and easy-accessible features. Although some key challenges have been addressed, its capability to precisely monitor specific biomarkers of interest and its physiological relevance to health metrics is still to be ascertained. In this context, we analyzed the rational design and recent advance of breath sensors for healthcare monitoring. This review begins with an introduction to exhaled breath biomarkers and their sensing technologies, such as chemoresistive, humidity-sensitive, electrochemical, and colorimetric principles. Then, a systematic overview of their emerging applications in early disease screening, drunk driving inspection, apnea monitoring, and exhaled breath condensate analysis are demonstrated. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of breath sensors for noninvasive healthcare monitoring. With the ongoing research efforts, the continuous breakthrough in breath sensors and their attractive applications is foreseeable in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Min Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital of Capital Medical University, 100015Beijing, PR China
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Xu J, Huang Y, Zhao Z, Wang D, Yang C, Zhang K. Recent Progress and Opportunities of Wearable Non-Invasive Epidermal Sensors for Skin Disease Diagnosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2025; 14:e2402891. [PMID: 39578343 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202402891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
With deteriorating environment and increased stress in modern life, skin diseases have become the fourth leading cause of nonfatal and chronic diseases. An early diagnosis might improve the chances of a successful treatment. Wearable epidermal sensors have been emerged as new non-invasive tools for clinical practice and research in dermatology, which can act as a complement to the otherwise mostly visual and tactile judgments. This review discusses the recent progress and opportunities of wearable epidermal sensors for skin disease diagnosis. The configuration, material choice, and fundamental platforms of wearable epidermal sensors are first summarized. Then, their emerging application in monitoring skin diseases is demonstrated by detecting skin hardness, skin hydration, and biomakers. With the advances highlighted here and the ongoing research efforts, the continuous breakthrough in wearable epidermal sensors and their attractive application in skin disease management is foreseeable in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Ye Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Duojia Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
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7
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Zhang Y, Ding Y, Lan F, Zhang W, Li J, Zhang R. Recent advances in tungsten oxide-based chromogenic materials: photochromism, electrochromism, and gasochromism. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:21279-21293. [PMID: 39480657 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr03781b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2024]
Abstract
As n-type and wide-bandgap semiconductor materials which are widely found in nature, tungsten oxides (WOx) have attracted extensive attention because of their rich phase structures and unique sub-stoichiometric properties. Tungsten oxides have a good chromogenic response to optical, electrical, and gaseous stimuli, in which their phase changes with the change of temperature and ionic embeddedness, accompanied by significant changes in their optical properties. In addition, due to the presence of oxygen defects, the conductivity and adsorption capacity of tungsten oxides for surface substances are enhanced. These properties endow tungsten oxides with promising application potential in the optical and electronic device areas. This paper reviews the structural and optoelectrical properties of tungsten oxide-based chromogenic materials. Then we focus on the working mechanisms, performance indexes, and preparation methods of tungsten oxides in the field of intelligent chromogenic technology, including photochromism, electrochromism, and gasochromism of tungsten oxide-based chromogenic materials. Finally, a conclusion and outlook are provided, which may help to further advance the application of tungsten oxides in the field of smart chromogenic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Energy Devices & Interface Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yilin Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fan Lan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jingfa Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Energy Devices & Interface Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Ullah S, Hussain A, Farid MA, Irfan S, Amin R, Fouda AM, Nazir A, Hou D, Zou JJ, Du S, Tahir M. Molybdenum tungsten hydrogen oxide doped with phosphorus for enhanced oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:27928-27934. [PMID: 39224634 PMCID: PMC11367707 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) is pivotal for advancing cleaner and sustainable fuel production technologies. The conventional electrocatalysts have limited stability and higher overpotentials, and there is demand to explore advanced materials and synthesis methods. In this context, a novel bifunctional electrocatalyst has been devised through the phosphidation of tungsten molybdenum oxide (P-Mo0.69W0.31H0.98O3) at relatively low temperatures. This innovative approach aims to enhance the efficiency of HER and OER while minimizing the overpotential values and maintaining higher stability. Specifically, the individual performance of Mo0.69W0.31H0.98O3 has been significantly boosted by doping it with phosphorus at a low temperature of 300 °C. This doping process results in a unique morphology for the catalyst, leading to a notable improvement in OER/HER performances. P-Mo0.69W0.31H0.98O3 exhibits a potential of 320 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in a KOH electrolyte, demonstrating both high activity and long-term stability. Additionally, P-Mo0.69W0.31H0.98O3 exhibits commendable HER performance, requiring only 380 mV at 100 mA cm-2. This combination of efficient OER and HER performance positions P-Mo0.69W0.31H0.98O3 as representing a significant advancement in the field of electrocatalysis, additionally addressing the fundamental gap by providing stable and hybrid catalyst for various electrochemical devices. Given its cost-effectiveness and exceptional activity, P-Mo0.69W0.31H0.98O3 holds significant potential for advancing the field of electrocatalysis and contributing to the development of cleaner and sustainable fuel production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ullah
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Asif Hussain
- Department of Physics, University of Lahore 53700 Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Farid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore 53700 Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Irfan
- Department of Physics, University of Lahore 53700 Lahore Pakistan
| | - Roohul Amin
- School of Sciences, Tianjin University China
| | - Ahmed M Fouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Nazir
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
| | - Dehua Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Birmingham University Birmingham UK
| | - Ji-Jun Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Shangfeng Du
- School of Chemical Engineering, Birmingham University Birmingham UK
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- School of Chemical Engineering, Birmingham University Birmingham UK
- Department of Physics, University of Education Lahore Punjab 54770 Pakistan
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Zhang Z, Liang J, Liu K, Tian W, Liang X, Zhao K, Zhang K. Defect-Engineered WO 3-x Architectures Coupled with Random Forest Algorithm Enables Real-Time Seafood Quality Assessment. ACS Sens 2024; 9:4196-4206. [PMID: 39096304 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Reliable and real-time monitoring of seafood decay is attracting growing interest for food safety and human health, while it is still a great challenge to accurately identify the released triethylamine (TEA) from the complex volatilome. Herein, defect-engineered WO3-x architectures are presented to design advanced TEA sensors for seafood quality assessment. Benefiting from abundant oxygen vacancies, the obtained WO2.91 sensor exhibits remarkable TEA-sensing performance in terms of higher response (1.9 times), faster response time (2.1 times), lower detection limit (3.2 times), and higher TEA/NH3 selectivity (2.8 times) compared with the air-annealed WO2.96 sensor. Furthermore, the definite WO2.91 sensor demonstrates long-term stability and anti-interference in complex gases, enabling the accurate recognition of TEA during halibut decay (0-48 h). Coupled with the random forest algorithm with 70 estimators, the WO2.91 sensor enables accurate prediction of halibut storage with an accuracy of 95%. This work not only provides deep insights into improving gas-sensing performance by defect engineering but also offers a rational solution for reliably assessing seafood quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Junxuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Weiliang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering in South Xinjiang, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, P. R. China
| | - Xu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering in South Xinjiang, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, P. R. China
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Shanthini K, Manivannan V, Govindan R, Praburaman L, Al-Humaid LA, Oh TH, Vignesh S. Facile construction of efficient WO 3/V 2O 5 coupled g-C 3N 4 ternary composite photocatalyst for environmental emergent aqueous pollutant degradation: Stability, degradation reaction pathway and effect of pH evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:376. [PMID: 39167294 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Currently, one of the primary challenges that human society must overcome is the task of decreasing the amount of energy used and the adverse effects that it has on the environment. The daily increase in liquid waste (comprising organic pollutants) is a direct result of the creation and expansion of new companies, causing significant environmental disruption. Water contamination is attributed to several industries such as textile, chemical, poultry, dairy, and pharmaceutical. In this study, we present the successful degradation of methylene blue dye using g-C3N4 (GCN) mixed with WO3 and V2O5 composites (GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite) as a photocatalyst, prepared by a simple mechanochemistry method. The GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite revealed a notable enhancement in photocatalytic performance, achieving around 97% degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB). This performance surpasses that of the individual photocatalysts, namely pure GCN, GCN/WO3, and GCN/V2O5 composites. Furthermore, the GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite exhibited exceptional stability even after undergoing five consecutive cycles. The exceptional photocatalytic activity of the GCN/WO3/V2O5 ternary composite can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of metal-free GCN and metal oxides, resulting in the alteration of the band gap and suppression of charge recombination in the ternary photocatalyst. This study offers a better platform for understanding the characteristics of materials and their photocatalytic performance under visible light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shanthini
- Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar Government Arts College, Rasipuram, 637401, India
- Department of Chemistry, Padmavani Arts & Science College for Women, Salem, 636011, India
| | - V Manivannan
- Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar Government Arts College, Rasipuram, 637401, India.
| | - R Govindan
- Department of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - Loganathan Praburaman
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Latifah A Al-Humaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tae Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Shanmugam Vignesh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou S, Yang Z, Feng X, Zuo J, Wang N, Thummavichai K, Zhu Y. The frontier of tungsten oxide nanostructures in electronic applications. iScience 2024; 27:109535. [PMID: 38617562 PMCID: PMC11015465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) glazing has garnered significant attention recently as a crucial solution for enhancing energy efficiency in future construction and automotive sectors. EC glazing could significantly reduce the energy usage of buildings compared to traditional blinds and glazing. Despite their commercial availability, several challenges remain, including issues with switching time, leakage of electrolytes, production costs, etc. Consequently, these areas demand more attention and further studies. Among inorganic-based EC materials, tungsten oxide nanostructures are essential due to its outstanding advantages such as low voltage demand, high coloration coefficient, large optical modulation range, and stability. This review will summarize the principal design and mechanism of EC device fabrication. It will highlight the current gaps in understanding the mechanism of EC theory, discuss the progress in material development for EC glazing, including various solutions for improving EC materials, and finally, introduce the latest advancements in photo-EC devices that integrate photovoltaic and EC technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiangyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiaxin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kunyapat Thummavichai
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Ran X, Ren J, Zhang S, Wu Y, Wu S. Multicolor Electrochromic Display and Patterned Device Based on Hollow-SiO 2-Supported WO 3 Photonic Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41763-41771. [PMID: 37608572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic photonic crystals (PCs) have been intensively studied in the field of display, sensors, and intelligent materials due to their tunable brilliant structural colors. The mostly studied electrochromic PCs are based on the tunable lattice parameter after electrifying; namely, the electrochromic process is caused by the structural change of PCs. Besides the lattice parameter, the refractive index is another key factor to determine the structural color of PCs. Here, a kind of hollow-SiO2-supported WO3 (H-SiO2/WO3) PCs is designed, where the refractive index of the WO3 portion is changeable under charging. Benefiting from the support effect and tunable thickness of H-SiO2, large-area PC samples with good surface morphology and bright multicolor output are prepared. The reflection peaks of these composite PCs can shift by 30-90 nm, and their corresponding colors changed obviously after the voltage was applied. After being pixelated by laser-marking, the H-SiO2/WO3 PCs can dynamically display different numeric and alphabetic patterns in an electric-driven writing and erasing process. Not only does this composite PC structure broaden the color change range of WO3-based materials but also avoids the structural change in the electrochromic process. This work provides more possibilities for electrochromic PCs in the field of color-changing pattern displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Suli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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13
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Guillén C. Polycrystalline WO 3-x Thin Films Obtained by Reactive DC Sputtering at Room Temperature. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1359. [PMID: 36836989 PMCID: PMC9967610 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten oxide thin films have applications in various energy-related devices owing to their versatile semiconductor properties, which depend on the oxygen content and crystalline state. The concentration of electrons increases with intrinsic defects such as oxygen vacancies, which create new absorption bands that give rise to colored films. Disorders in the crystal structure produce additional changes in the electrical and optical characteristics. Here, WO3-x thin films are prepared on unheated glass substrates by reactive DC sputtering from a pure metal target, using the discharge power and the oxygen-to-argon pressure ratio as control parameters. A transition from amorphous to polycrystalline state is obtained by increasing the sputtering power and adjusting the oxygen content. The surface roughness is higher and the bandgap energy is lower for polycrystalline layers than for amorphous ones. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and sub-bandgap absorption increase as the oxygen content decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Guillén
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Zou Z, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Tian W, Yang C, Jin X, Zhang K. Room-Temperature Optoelectronic Gas Sensor Based on Core-Shell g-C 3N 4@WO 3 Heterocomposites for Efficient Ammonia Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2110-2118. [PMID: 36622101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing modern industry promotes the evolution of gas sensors for environmental monitoring and safety inspection. However, traditional chemiresistive gas sensors still suffer from drawbacks of high power consumption and detection limit, mainly due to the insufficient charge-transfer ability of gas-sensing materials. Here, an optoelectronic gas sensor that can detect ppb-level ammonia at room temperature is constructed based on core-shell g-C3N4@WO3 heterocomposites. The growth of WO3 nanosheets on graphitic g-C3N4 nanosheets was precisely controlled, achieving well-defined g-C3N4@WO3 core-shell architectures. Based on the synergism between light activation and the amplification effect of in situ-formed heterojunctions, the g-C3N4@WO3 sensor exhibits improved sensing characteristics for reliable ammonia detection. As compared with the pristine g-C3N4 sensor, the sensor response toward ammonia is enhanced 21 times and the detection limit is reduced from 308 to 108 ppb. This work provides a successful approach for the in situ formation of core-shell g-C3N4@WO3 interfacial composites and offers an easy solution for the rational design of advanced optoelectronic gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, P. R. China
| | - Weiliang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering in South Xinjiang, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar843300, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, P. R. China
| | - Xingjian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering in South Xinjiang, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar843300, P. R. China
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15
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Mahnicka-Goremikina L, Svinka R, Svinka V, Grase L, Juhnevica I, Rundans M, Goremikins V, Tolendiuly S, Fomenko S. Thermal Properties of Porous Mullite Ceramics Modified with Microsized ZrO 2 and WO 3. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15227935. [PMID: 36431421 PMCID: PMC9694335 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Mullite ceramics are well known as materials with a high temperature stability, strength and creep resistance. In this research, the effect of a modification with magnesia-stabilized zirconia and yttria-stabilized zirconia, separately, as well as in a mixture with WO3, in 1:1 and 1:2 ratios on the thermal properties of porous mullite ceramics was investigated. The porous mullite-containing ceramics were prepared by a slip casting of the concentrated slurry of raw materials with the addition of a suspension of Al paste for the pore formation due to the H2 evolution as a result of the reaction of Al with water. The formed samples were sintered at 1600 °C and the holding time was 1 h. The materials were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry, the laser flash contactless method, thermal shock resistance testing and the non-destructive impulse excitation method for determining the elasticity modulus. The modification of the porous mullite ceramic with a mixture of ZrO2 and WO3 oxides had a positive effect by decreasing the thermal conductivity, due to the increased porosity, in comparison to the undoped samples and samples with only ZrO2. The doubling of the WO3 amount in the modifying oxide mixtures improved the ceramic thermal shock resistance. The porous mullite ceramics which were modified with magnesia-stabilized zirconia (2.8 mol% MgO) and WO3 had a lower thermal conductivity and improved thermal shock resistance than the samples with yttria-stabilized zirconia (8 mol% Y2O3) and WO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Mahnicka-Goremikina
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena St. 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ruta Svinka
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena St. 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Visvaldis Svinka
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena St. 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Liga Grase
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena St. 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inna Juhnevica
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena St. 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maris Rundans
- Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena St. 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Vadims Goremikins
- Institute of Structural Engineering and Reconstruction, Riga Technical University, Kipsalas St. 6A, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sanat Tolendiuly
- Space Engineering Department, AUPET Named G. Daukeev, Baitursynov St., 126/1, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergey Fomenko
- Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbay Batyr St. 172, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
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Zhang M, Liu K, Xu J, Wang P, Sun J, Ding W, Wang C, Zhang K. Porous Oxide-Functionalized Seaweed Fabric as a Flexible Breath Sensor for Noninvasive Nephropathy Diagnosis. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2634-2644. [PMID: 35984967 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ever-increasing quality of life demands low-power and reliable gas-sensing technology for point-of-care monitoring of human health by relevant breath biomarkers. However, precise identification is rather challenging due to the relatively small concentration and an abundance of interferents. Herein, a breath sensor that can detect ppb-level ammonia is constructed based on a soft-hard interface design of biocompatible seaweed fabric and nanosheet-assembled bismuth oxide architectures after undergoing heat treatment. Benefiting from abundant defective sites and surface chemical state changes, the flexible sensor can work at room temperature and exhibits superior characteristics for ammonia detection, including ultrahigh response (1296), short response/recovery time (12/6 s), small detection limit (117 ppb), and remarkable anti-interference, even after repetitive mechanical bending and long-term fatigue. Furthermore, the flexible sensor demonstrates a noticeable response to the exhaled breath of a patient with Helicobacter pylori infection. After connecting the sensor with a green-light-emitting diode (LED) in the circuit, an alarm system successfully warns about ammonia levels based on the brightness of the LED. This work provides a potential strategy for wide-range ammonia detection and opens new applications in predictive and personalized healthcare platforms for noninvasive medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100142, P. R. China
| | - Pengzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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Zhang D, Liu R, Ji S, Cai Y, Liang C, Li Z. Hierarchical WO 3-x Ultrabroadband Absorbers and Photothermal Converters Grown from Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24046-24058. [PMID: 35484908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen-vacancy-rich WO3-x absorbers are gaining increasing attention because of their extensive absorbance-based applications in near-infrared shielding, photocatalysis, sterilization, interfacial evaporator and electrochromic, photochromic, and photothermal fields. Thermal treatment in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere enables us to prepare WO3-x but lacks the capacity for finely manipulating the grown structures. In this work, we present that laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) obtained by femtosecond laser ablation is a good template to grow various hierarchical WO3-x ultrabroadband absorbers and photothermal converters by thermal oxidation annealing in air. Increasing annealing temperature from 600 to 1000 °C allows the manipulation of WO3-x crystal sizes from ∼70 nm to ∼4 μm, accompanied by a color transition from brown to dark blue and finally to yellow. Benefiting from annealing-induced surface cracks and phase transition into WO3-x (containing both WO3 and W18O49) at 600 °C, excellent UV-vis-NIR-MIR ultrabroadband absorbers were produced: >90% UV-NIR absorbance (0.3-2.5 μm) and 50-90% MIR absorbance (2.5-16 μm), much better than most W-based metamaterial absorbers. The higher the annealing temperature (1000 > 800 > 600 °C), the better the photothermal performances (sample temperature as the indicator) of annealed interfaces due to the increased oxidation rates and resultant thicker oxide layers (6, 150, and 507 μm), a trend which is more apparent upon the irradiation of high-density (3160 mW/cm2) and ultrabroadband (200-2500 nm) light but much less apparent for shorter-band (200-800, 420-800, 800-2500 nm, etc.) and less-intensity (1694, 1540, 1460 mW/cm2, etc.) light irradiation. This phenomenon indicates that (1) higher-performance ultrabroadband absorbers possess a higher photothermal conversion capacity; (2) thicker-WO3-x oxide layer converters are more effective in preserving photothermal heat; and (3) both the W-LIPSS and metal tungsten substrate can quickly dissipate the photothermal heat to inhibit heat accumulation in the oxide photothermal converters. It is also proved that ablation-induced high-pressure shockwaves can produce deformation layers in the subsurfaces to release annealing-induced stresses, beneficial for the formation of less-cracked non-stoichiometric WO3-x interfaces upon annealing. High-pressure shockwaves are also capable of inducing grain refinement of LIPSS, which facilitates a homogeneous growth of small non-stoichiometric metal-oxide crystals upon annealing. Our results indicate that femtosecond laser ablation is a convenient upstream template-fabrication technique compatible with the thermal oxidation annealing method to develop advanced functional oxygen-vacancy metal-oxide interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sihan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yunyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Changhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhuguo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- The State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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In-Depth Rheological Characterization of Tungsten Sol-Gel Inks for Inkjet Printing. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The inkjet printing of the functional materials prepared by the sol-gel route is gaining the attention for the production of the variety of the applications not limited to the printed boards, displays, smart labels, smart packaging, sensors and solar cells. However, due to the gelation process associated with the changes from Newtonian to non-Newtonian fluid the inkjet printing of the sol-gel inks is extremely complex. In this study we reveal in-depth rheological characterization of the WO3 sols in which we simulate the conditions of the inkjet printing process at different temperature of the cartridge (20–60 °C) by analyzing the structural and rheological changes taking place during the gelation of the tungsten oxide (WO3) ink. The results provide the information on the stability of the sol and a better insight on the effects of the temperature on the gelation time. Moreover, the information on the temperature and the time window at which the inkjet printing of the sol-gel inks could be performed without clogging were obtained. The WO3 ink was stable in a beaker and exhibited Newtonian flow behavior at room temperature over 3 weeks, while the gelation time decreased exponentially with increasing temperature down to 0.55 h at 60 °C.
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