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Liu B, Li Y, Chen H, Li S, Dan X, Xue P, Li Y, Lei L, Fan X. From molecular mechanisms to clinical translation: Silk fibroin-based biomaterials for next-generation wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 313:144266. [PMID: 40381758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2025] [Revised: 05/13/2025] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymeric material that has attracted intense research attention in the field of wound healing due to its exceptional mechanical properties, tunable biodegradability, and multifunctional bioactivity. This review systematically summarizes the preparation strategies, functional modifications, and multidimensional application mechanisms of SF and its composite materials in wound healing. The innovative applications of SF in intelligent dressing design, immunometabolic regulation, controlled drug release, stem-cell function modulation, and bioelectrical-activity-mediated microenvironment remodeling is further explored, while analyzing the therapeutic efficacy and cost-effectiveness of SF through clinical translation cases. Distinct from previous reviews, this work not only integrates the latest advances in SF molecular mechanisms and material design but also emphasizes its potential in precision medicine, such as the development of genetically engineered SF for customized immunoregulatory networks. Finally, the article highlights the current challenges in the development of SF materials, including mechanical stability, degradation controllability, and standardization of large-scale production, and envisions future research directions driven by 3D bioprinting and synthetic biology technologies. This review provides a theoretical foundation and technical reference information for the development of efficient, multifunctional, and clinically translatable SF-based materials for application in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Songjie Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin Dan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yuli Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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