1
|
Niazi S, Gatzioufas Z, Doroodgar F, Findl O, Baradaran-Rafii A, Liechty J, Moshirfar M. Keratoconus: exploring fundamentals and future perspectives - a comprehensive systematic review. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2024; 16:25158414241232258. [PMID: 38516169 PMCID: PMC10956165 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241232258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background New developments in artificial intelligence, particularly with promising results in early detection and management of keratoconus, have favorably altered the natural history of the disease over the last few decades. Features of artificial intelligence in different machine such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and femtosecond laser technique have improved safety, precision, effectiveness, and predictability of treatment modalities of keratoconus (from contact lenses to keratoplasty techniques). These options ingrained in artificial intelligence are already underway and allow ophthalmologist to approach disease in the most non-invasive way. Objectives This study comprehensively describes all of the treatment modalities of keratoconus considering machine learning strategies. Design A multidimensional comprehensive systematic narrative review. Data sources and methods A comprehensive search was done in the five main electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane), without language and time or type of study restrictions. Afterward, eligible articles were selected by screening the titles and abstracts based on main mesh keywords. For potentially eligible articles, the full text was also reviewed. Results Artificial intelligence demonstrates promise in keratoconus diagnosis and clinical management, spanning early detection (especially in subclinical cases), preoperative screening, postoperative ectasia prediction after keratorefractive surgery, and guiding surgical decisions. The majority of studies employed a solitary machine learning algorithm, whereas minor studies assessed multiple algorithms that evaluated the association of various keratoconus staging and management strategies. Last but not least, AI has proven effective in guiding the implantation of intracorneal ring segments in keratoconus corneas and predicting surgical outcomes. Conclusion The efficient and widespread clinical translation of machine learning models in keratoconus management is a crucial goal of potential future approaches to better visual performance in keratoconus patients. Trial registration The article has been registered through PROSPERO, an international database of prospectively registered systematic reviews, with the ID: CRD42022319338.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Niazi
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zisis Gatzioufas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Farideh Doroodgar
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Province, Tehran, District 6, Pour Sina St, P94V+8MF, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Negah Aref Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oliver Findl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), Vienna, Austria
| | - Alireza Baradaran-Rafii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jacob Liechty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Majid Moshirfar
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Itoi M, Itoi M, Harigaya A, Ishigaki K, Satou R, Ueda E. Corneal RGP Contact Lens Fitting Software for Keratoconus Built-In Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography. Eye Contact Lens 2022; 48:503-508. [PMID: 36223291 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of the contact lens fitting software built into anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS This retrospective study enrolled patients with keratoconus prescribed with spherical corneal rigid gas-permeable contact lenses based on a contact lens fitting software. Subjects were classified into four subgroups based on corneal morphology: nipple, oval, globus, and marginal type. Software performance was evaluated according to the correlation between the back optical zone radius (BOZR) calculated by the contact lens fitting program and the BOZR of the lens prescribed, and the number of trial lens replacements required.Results:A total of 340 eyes of 254 patients with a mean age of 40.4 ± 13.6 years were included. The oval type was the most common (61.8%), followed by the nipple type (26.2%). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the prescribed and the calculated BOZR in all subgroups (R 2 = 0.92, P < 0.01 for the nipple type; R 2 = 0.76, P < 0.01 for the oval type; R 2 = 0.93, P < 0.01 for the globus type; and R 2 = 0.79, P < 0.01 for the marginal type). Furthermore, the globus type had the highest proportion of cases requiring at least one trial lens replacement (36.3%), followed by the nipple group (27.0%). There were no significant differences among the subgroups ( P = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings reveal that the contact lens fitting software built into AS-OCT may be useful for accurate contact lens prescription for any corneal shape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Itoi
- Department of Ophthalmology (M.I.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; and Dougenzaka Itoi Eye Clinic (M.I., A.H., K.I., R.S., E.U.), Itoi Building 1-10-19 Dougenzaka Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Braga Vieira S, Rivadeneira-Bueno D, Ortiz-Toquero S, Martin R. Optometric practices and attitudes in keratoconus patient management in Latin America. Clin Exp Optom 2022; 106:386-394. [PMID: 35298892 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2048997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE To explore optometric practices and attitudes in the management of keratoconus patients in LatinAmerica and how they are influenced by eye-care technology will help to minimise disease progression and their impact on patients' quality of life in Latin America. BACKGROUND Keratoconus is a progressive, bilateral and asymmetric corneal disorder that requires a multidisciplinary approach, the use of different eye assessment technology, and different management approaches; mainly contact lenses and surgery. METHODS Self-reported answers to an online survey (adapted to primary eye care) distributed via a newsletter emailed by various professional organisations across 15 Latin American countries were assessed and compared with those previously reported in three European countries. RESULTS Answers from 977 eye care practitioners (60%) with >10 years of experience (396 in Latin America and 581 in Europe) were assessed. A total of 65.9% of Latin American responders prescribed rigid corneal lenses (RCL), although more than half of the respondents (54.0%) would fit more RCL if they underwent further training in RCL fitting. A majority of Latin American practitioners (74.0%) considered that RCL fitting is more difficult in keratoconus, requiring more diagnostic lenses (4.6 ± 2.7; median 4; range 1-10) than are necessary for healthy eyes. Low availability of corneal topography was reported in Latin America (23%), although practitioners with topographers are more likely to prescribe RCL (92.3%) and detect more new patients with keratoconus per year (83.5%). A minority of respondents referred keratoconus patients to another optometrist (25.8%) or (40.4%) participated in comanagement with ophthalmologists. CONCLUSION This study provides initial evidence regarding keratoconus management in Latin America and suggests that actions are necessary to improve RCL training, facilitate eye-care technology accessibility and encourage comanagement between eye care practitioners to minimise disease progression and their impact on patients' quality of life in Latin America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Braga Vieira
- Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute. School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Department Optometry, University of Contestado (UnC), Canoinhas (Brazil)
| | - Doris Rivadeneira-Bueno
- Department of Physic (Optics and Contact Lenses), Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Sara Ortiz-Toquero
- Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute. School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raul Martin
- Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute. School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nosch DS, Joos RE, Müller D, Matt SM. General pain perception sensitivity, lid margin sensitivity and gas permeable contact lens comfort. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 103:766-771. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Nosch
- Institute of Optometry, School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences (FHNW), Olten, Switzerland,
| | - Roland E Joos
- Institute of Optometry, School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences (FHNW), Olten, Switzerland,
| | - Dominik Müller
- Institute of Optometry, School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences (FHNW), Olten, Switzerland,
- Büchi Optik Affoltern GmbH, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland,
| | - Stefanie M Matt
- Institute of Optometry, School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences (FHNW), Olten, Switzerland,
- Brillen‐Trotter AG, Aarau, Switzerland,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Downie LE, Lindsay RG. Contact lens management of keratoconus. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 98:299-311. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahjoob M, Birjandi F, Ostadimoghaddam H, Yekta A. Initial power of rigid gas permeable contact lenses in patients with keratoconus. J Curr Ophthalmol 2021; 33:413-416. [PMID: 35128187 PMCID: PMC8772499 DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_23_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
7
|
Ortiz-Toquero S, Rodriguez G, Martin R. Clinical guidelines for the management of keratoconus patients with gas permeable contact lenses based on expert consensus and available evidence. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2021; 32:S1-S11. [PMID: 33332882 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fitting rigid gas permeable contact lenses (RGP CLs) in keratoconic patients is the most common visual rehabilitation option to improve patients' quality of life, but require long patient and practitioner chair time. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPG) in the management of patients with keratoconus with RGP CLs. RECENT FINDINGS An extensive literature review from 1990 to 2017 identified 354 potentially relevant publications. Fifty-two articles were reviewed and included in the CPG. An international expert panel of eight contact lens practitioners, with vast experience in keratoconus management reviewed and appraised the CPG following the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II consortium requirements. The developed CPG clearly outlines a strategy for the successful fitting of RGP CLs in patients with keratoconus. This includes how to calculate parameters of the first diagnostic lens, criteria for assessing good fit and a standardized schedule of wear time and follow-up appointments. SUMMARY The current evidence and consensus-based CPG helps guide clinicians in a successful strategy for fitting RGP CLs in patients with keratoconus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ortiz-Toquero
- School of Optometry, Department of Physic TAO, University of Valladolid, Valladolid
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA Eye Institute), University of Valladolid, Valladolid
- Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Rodriguez
- School of Optometry, Department of Physic TAO, University of Valladolid, Valladolid
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA Eye Institute), University of Valladolid, Valladolid
- Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid
| | - Raul Martin
- School of Optometry, Department of Physic TAO, University of Valladolid, Valladolid
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA Eye Institute), University of Valladolid, Valladolid
- Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid
- Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hashemi S, Veisi H, Jafarzadehpur E, Rahmani R, Heshmati Z. Multi-view deep learning for rigid gas permeable lens base curve fitting based on Pentacam images. Med Biol Eng Comput 2020; 58:1467-1482. [PMID: 32363555 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-020-02154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many studies in the rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens fitting field have focused on providing the best fit for patients with irregular astigmatism, a challenging issue. Despite the ease and accuracy of fitting in the current fitting methods, no studies have provided a high-pace solution with the final best fit to assist experts. This work presents a deep learning solution for identifying features in Pentacam four refractive maps and RGP base curve identification. An authentic dataset of 247 samples of Pentacam four refractive maps was gathered, providing a multi-view image of the corneal structure. Scratch-based convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures and well-known CNN architectures such as AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and ResNet have been used to extract features and transfer learning. Features are aggregated through a fusion technique. Based on a comparison of means square error (MSE) of normalized labels, the multi-view scratch-based CNN provided R-squared of 0.849, 0.846, 0.835, and 0.834 followed by GoogLeNet, comparable with current methods. Transfer learning outperforms various scratch-based CNN models, through which proper specifications some scratch-based models were able to increase coefficient of determinations. CNNs on multi-view Pentacam images have enabled fast detection of the RGP lens base curve, higher patient satisfaction, and reduced chair time. Graphical abstract The Pentacam four refractive maps is learned by the proposed scratch-based and transfer learning-based CNN methodology. The deep network-based solutions enable identification of rigid gas permeable lens for patients with irregular astigmatism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hashemi
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Veisi
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ortiz-Toquero S, Rodriguez G, de Juan V, Martin R. Gas permeable contact lens fitting in keratoconus: Comparison of different guidelines to back optic zone radius calculations. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 67:1410-1416. [PMID: 31436183 PMCID: PMC6727727 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1538_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Compare the agreement between the finally fitted back optic zone radius (BOZR) of a spherical gas permeable (GP) contact lense (CL) with those proposed by different guidelines currently available to fit GP CLs in keratoconus. Methods: The BOZR fitted in 81 keratoconus eyes (46 patients) were recorded and compared with the BOZR calculated with ten different guidelines (identified after a literature review) proposed to calculate the first diagnostic lens BOZR to be fitted in keratoconus. Arithmetic and absolute mean difference between both BOZR were calculated (paired t-test). The success rate of each guideline (difference between both BOZR ≤0.05 mm) was calculated for different keratoconus stages (Amsler–Krumeich classification). Agreement between BOZR was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The BOZR proposed by all guidelines correlated with the final BOZR that was fitted (R2 > 0.71; P < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was found between the BOZR suggested by all guidelines and the BOZR that was prescribed (P < 0.05), except for three Guidelines (P ≥ 0.11). CALCULENS.com presented the best agreement (mean difference of 0.00 ± 0.12 mm), and 50.6% of cases showed ≤0.05 mm of difference with the BOZR that was fitted. However, the worst guideline showed an agreement of −0.38 ± 0.22 mm, and just 3.8% of cases had ≤0.05 mm of difference with the final fitted BOZR. Conclusion: BOZR calculated with most of the analyzed guidelines shows statistical differences with final fitted BOZR, suggesting a lack of clinical validation of these guidelines. The selection of the BOZR with CALCULENS.com could provide a better starting point for spherical GP CL fitting in keratoconus eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ortiz-Toquero
- Universidad de Valladolid, Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Valladolid, España; Universidad de Valladolid, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Valladolid, España; Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Rodriguez
- Universidad de Valladolid, Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Valladolid, España; Universidad de Valladolid, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Valladolid, España; Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Victoria de Juan
- Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid; Department of Ophthalmology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Martin
- Universidad de Valladolid, Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Valladolid, España; Universidad de Valladolid, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Valladolid, España; Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ortiz-Toquero S, Martin R. Current optometric practices and attitudes in keratoconus patient management. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2017; 40:253-259. [PMID: 28325632 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the current optometric practices and attitudes in the management of keratoconus patients in the UK and Spain. METHODS An online survey (adapted to optometric practices) was distributed via a newsletter emailed by various professional organizations in the UK and Spain. RESULTS Four hundred and sixty-four practitioners (126 in the UK; 338 in Spain) who prescribed gas permeable GP contact lenses (CLs) more than once per month (54.8% of UK practitioners and 28.1% of practitioners in Spain; p<0.01) responded to the questionnaire. A combination of multiple factors is considered necessary in the keratoconus detection (79.4% in the UK, 75% in Spain; p=0.68), and the use of classification criteria is considered relevant (67.5% in the UK, 70.7% in Spain; p=0.49). There is a high consensus on the consideration that GP CL fitting is more difficult in keratoconus (79.4% in the UK, 80.5% in Spain; p=0.79) requiring more diagnostic lenses (3.2±1.4 and 3.4±1.2 in the UK and Spain, respectively; p=0.72) than are necessary for healthy eyes. Using corneal topography is uncommon from both countries (38.1% in the UK, 59.8% in Spain; p<0.01), with a similar ophthalmologist referral pattern (at initial diagnosis, 50% in both the UK and Spain; p=1.00). Few cases of co-management with ophthalmologists were noted (no co-management reported by 60.3% in the UK and 72.8% in Spain, p=0.01). CONCLUSION This study provides initial observations and evidence regarding keratoconus management by optometrists in the UK and Spain and shows similarity in the professional practices and attitudes of practitioners in these two countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ortiz-Toquero
- Universidad de Valladolid, Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Paseo de Belén, 7 - Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Universidad de Valladolid, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Paseo de Belén, 17 - Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 VALLADOLID, Spain; Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raul Martin
- Universidad de Valladolid, Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Paseo de Belén, 7 - Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Universidad de Valladolid, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Paseo de Belén, 17 - Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 VALLADOLID, Spain; Optometry Research Group, IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Plymouth University, Derriford Road, PL6 8BH Plymouth, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
New web-based algorithm to improve rigid gas permeable contact lens fitting in keratoconus. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2017; 40:143-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Iyer RV, Nasrin F, See E, Mathews S. Smoothing Splines on Unit Ball Domains with Application to Corneal Topography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2017; 36:518-526. [PMID: 27775513 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2016.2618389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to study and understand internal structures of biological tissues such as the anterior chamber of the human eye. An interesting problem is the reconstruction of the shape of the biological tissue from OCT images, that is not only a good fit of the data but also respects the smoothness properties observed in the images. A similar problem arises in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We cast the problem as a penalized weighted least squares regression with a penalty on the magnitude of the second derivative (Laplacian) of the surface. We present a novel algorithm to construct the Kimeldorf-Wahba solution for unit ball domains. Our method unifies the ad-hoc approaches currently in the literature. Application of the theory to data from an anterior segment optical coherence tomographer is presented. A detailed comparison of the reconstructed surface using different approaches is presented.
Collapse
|
13
|
Nonsurgical Procedures for Keratoconus Management. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:9707650. [PMID: 29430305 PMCID: PMC5753012 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9707650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe the past 20 years' correction modalities for keratoconus and their visual outcomes and possible complications. Methods A review of the published literature related to the visual outcomes and possible complications in the context of keratoconus management using nonsurgical procedures for the last 20 years (glasses and contact lenses) was performed. Original articles that reported the outcome of any correction modalities of keratoconus management were reviewed. Results The most nonsurgical procedure used on keratoconus management is the contact lens fitting. Soft contact lenses and soft toric contact lenses, rigid gas-permeable contact lenses, piggyback contact lens system, hybrid contact lenses, and scleral and corneoscleral contact lenses form the contemporary range of available lens types for keratoconus management with contact lenses. All of them try to restore the vision, improve the quality of life, and delay surgical procedures in patients with this disease. Complications are derived from the intolerance of using contact lens, and the use of each depends on keratoconus severity. Conclusions In the context of nonsurgical procedures, the use of contact lenses for the management of keratoconic patients represents a good alternative to restore vision and improve the quality of live in this population.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens Fitting Using New Software in Keratoconic Eyes. Optom Vis Sci 2016; 93:286-92. [DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
15
|
|
16
|
Abstract
Contact lenses are required for the visual improvement in patients with keratoconus. Various contact lens options, such as rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses, soft and soft toric lenses, piggy back contact lenses (PBCL), hybrid lenses and scleral lenses are availble. This article discusses about selection of a lens depending on the type of keratoconus and the fitting philosophies of various contact lenses including the starting trial lens. A Medline search was carried out for articles in the English language with the keywords keratoconus and various contact lenses such as Rose k lens, RGP lens, hybrid lens, scleral lens and PBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha M Rathi
- Cornea Services; Bausch and Lomb Contact lens Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Naroo SA. Future of contact lens usage. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2013; 36:155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Siddireddy JS, Mahadevan R. Comparison of conventional method of contact lens fitting and software based contact lens fitting with Medmont corneal topographer in eyes with corneal scar. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2013; 36:176-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Mandathara PS, Fatima M, Taureen S, Dumpati S, Ali MH, Rathi V. RGP contact lens fitting in keratoconus using FITSCAN technology. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2013; 36:126-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
20
|
Martín R, Alonso E. Comparison of the number of visits and diagnostic lenses required to fit RGP, conventional hydrogel and silicone hydrogel contact lenses. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2010; 3:169-174. [PMCID: PMC3974280 DOI: 10.1016/s1888-4296(10)70024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To describe differences in the number of visits and in the number of diagnostic lenses (DL) necessary to fit rigid gas permeable (RGP), traditional hydrogel and silicone hydrogel contact lenses (CL) in non-pathological eyes. Methods Retrospective analysis of 196 refractive or cosmetic CL fittings (Optometry Unit, IOBA Eye Institute). Only daily wearers of CL were included. Patients with ocular pathology, orthokeratology, etc. were excluded. Results Of all CL fitted, 21 % were RGP, 51 % were traditional hydrogel CL and 28 % were silicone hydrogel. RGP required slightly more visits (median 4, range 2–6; p < 0.001 ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis) when compared to traditional (median 3, range 2–5) and silicone hydrogel CLs (median 3, range 2–5). No differences were found (p > 0.05 ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis) between new and previous wearers. RPG requires more DL (median 3, range 1–5; p < 0.001 ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis) when compared to traditional (median 2, range 1–4) or silicone (median 2, range 1–4) hydrogel CLs. No differences in visits (p = 0.31 ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis) and DL (p = 0.65 ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis) were found between traditional and silicone hydrogel lenses. Conclusions RGP fitting requires slightly more visits and DL than fitting of traditional or silicone hydrogel CL. No difference in the number of visits and DL required between traditional and silicone hydrogel CL were found. An estimated three to four visits could be necessary to fit daily wear CL in non-pathological eyes. This clinical evidence (grade IV) could be used to improve the clinical guidelines for fitting and care of patients with CL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Martín
- Corresponding author: Raul Martin OD, MSc, PhD. IOBA Eye Institute, C/ Paseo Belen 17 - Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid, Spain. Phone: (+34) 983 423559, Fax: (+34) 983 423274.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bhatoa NS, Hau S, Ehrlich DP. A comparison of a topography-based rigid gas permeable contact lens design with a conventionally fitted lens in patients with keratoconus. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2010; 33:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
The use of video-keratoscopy in predicting contact lens parameters for keratoconic fitting. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2010; 33:112-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Revised: 01/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
23
|
|