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Yildirim S, Ozkan C, Huyut Z, Çınar A. Detection of Se, Vit. E, Vit. A, MDA, 8-OHdG, and CoQ10 Levels and Histopathological Changes in Heart Tissue in Sheep with White Muscle Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:419-423. [PMID: 30054878 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine vit. E, Se, vit. A, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and ubiquinone-10 (CoQ10) levels and histopathological changes in sheep with white muscle disease (WMD). A total of 30 sheep were used; 20 sheep with WMD were brought to our clinic for diagnosis and treatment at various times, and 10 healthy sheep were in the control group. The Se, vit. E, vit. A, MDA, 8-OHdG, and CoQ10 values of the healthy and WMD sheep were as follows: 0.917 ± 0.037, 0.790 ± 0.067; 1.190 ± 0.011, 1.090 ± 0.021; 5.400 ± 0.275, 5.200 ± 0.173; 1.602 ± 0.264, 2.636 ± 0.576; 0.656 ± 0.197, 1.485 ± 0.271; and 0.280 ± 0.044, 1.753 ± 0.551 respectively (p < 0.05). According to histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in the WMD group, hyaline degeneration, Zenker's necrosis, and dystrophic calcification were observed in the muscle fibers. Immunohistochemically, 8-OHdG staining of the heart tissue determined a severe 8-OHdG expression in the WMD group. The findings of this study suggest that MDA, 8-OHdG, and CoQ10 values could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in sheep affected with WMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cumali Ozkan
- Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Huyut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ali Çınar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Renal Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030299. [PMID: 30832377 PMCID: PMC6463003 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is derived from splanchnic mesoderm, localized anatomically between the myocardium and pericardial visceral layer, and surrounds the coronary arteries. Being a metabolically active organ, EAT secretes numerous cytokines, which moderate cardiovascular morphology and function. Through its paracrine and vasocrine secretions, EAT may play a prominent role in modulating cardiac function. EAT protects the heart in normal physiological conditions by secreting a variety of adipokines with anti-atherosclerotic properties, and in contrast, secretes inflammatory molecules in pathologic conditions that may play a dynamic role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases by promoting atherosclerosis. Considerable research has been focused on comparing the anatomical and biochemical features of EAT in healthy people, and a variety of disease conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and renal diseases. The global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in renal disease are high, and there is a paucity of concrete evidence and societal guidelines to detect early cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this group of patients. Here we performed a clinical review on the existing evidence and knowledge on EAT in patients with renal disease, to evaluate its application as a reliable, early, noninvasive biomarker and indicator for CVD, and to assess its significance in cardiovascular risk stratification.
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Mantle D, Hargreaves I. Coenzyme Q10 and Degenerative Disorders Affecting Longevity: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8020044. [PMID: 30781472 PMCID: PMC6406788 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity is determined by a number of factors, including genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. A major factor affecting longevity is the development of degenerative disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease and liver disease, particularly where these occur as co-morbidities. In this article, we review the potential role of supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) for the prevention or management of these disorders. Thus, randomised controlled clinical trials have shown supplementation with CoQ10 or CoQ10 plus selenium reduces mortality by approximately 50% in patients with cardiovascular disease, or in the normal elderly population, respectively. Similarly, CoQ10 supplementation improves glycaemic control and vascular dysfunction in type II diabetes, improves renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease, and reduces liver inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The beneficial role of supplemental CoQ10 in the above disorders is considered to result from a combination of its roles in cellular energy generation, as an antioxidant and as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mantle
- Pharma Nord (UK) Ltd., Telford Court, Morpeth, NE61 2DB Northumberland, UK.
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moores University, L3 5UA Liverpool, UK.
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Huyut Z, Bakan N, Yıldırım S, Alp HH. Effects of the Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) Inhibitors, Avanafil and Zaprinast, on Bone Remodeling and Oxidative Damage in a Rat Model of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2018; 24:47-58. [PMID: 29557941 PMCID: PMC5865409 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.908504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, zaprinast and avanafil, on NO signalling pathway, bone mineral density (BMD), epiphyseal bone width, bone marrow angiogenesis, and parameters of oxidative stress in a rat model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Material/Methods Twenty-four 8-month-old male rats in four groups were given a single daily treatment during a 30-day period: an (untreated) control group (n=6): a dexamethasone-treated group (120 μ/kg) (n=6); a group treated with dexamethasone (120 μ/kg) and zaprinast (10 mg/kg) (n=6): and a group treated with dexamethasone (120 μ/kg) and avanafil (10 mg/kg) (n=6). Rat whole body bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and bone histology was performed. Also, selected oxidative stress parameters by HPLC method and the other biochemical parameters by ELISA method were measured. Results The GIOP model rats treated with zaprinast and avanafil showed a significant increase in NO, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and protein kinase G (PKG) (NO/cGMP/PKG) signaling-pathway components, and in C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1), bone marrow angiogenesis, BMD, and epiphyseal bone width, compared with the (untreated) control rats (p<0.05). Levels of pyridinoline (PD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were significantly reduced in the dexamethasone + zaprinast, and dexamethasone + avanafil treatment groups (p<0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA), ubiquinone-10 (CoQ10), ubiquinol CoQ10 (CoQ10H), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were significantly increased in the dexamethasone-treated group, compared with the (untreated) controls (p<0.05). Conclusions In the GIOP rat model, markers of oxidative stress and bone atrophy were significantly reduced by treatment with the PDE-5 inhibitors, zaprinast and avanafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zübeyir Huyut
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Nuri Bakan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamit Hakan Alp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Naturally Occurring Compounds: New Potential Weapons against Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071481. [PMID: 28698529 PMCID: PMC5535971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-described imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system of cells and tissues. The overproduction of free radicals damages all components of the cell (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) and modifies their physiological functions. As widely described, this condition is a biochemical hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may dramatically influence the progression of renal impairment and the onset/development of major systemic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases. This state is exacerbated by exposure of the body to uremic toxins and dialysis, a treatment that, although necessary to ensure patients' survival, exposes cells to non-physiological contact with extracorporeal circuits and membranes with consequent mitochondrial and anti-redox cellular system alterations. Therefore, it is undeniable that counteracting oxidative stress machinery is a major pharmacological target in medicine/nephrology. As a consequence, in recent years several new naturally occurring compounds, administered alone or integrated with classical therapies and an appropriate lifestyle, have been proposed as therapeutic tools for CKD patients. In this paper, we reviewed the recent literature regarding the "pioneering" in vivo testing of these agents and their inclusion in small clinical trials performed in patients affected by CKD.
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Assessment of the relationship between serum paraoxonase activity and epicardial adipose tissue in hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 49:329-335. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Granata S, Dalla Gassa A, Tomei P, Lupo A, Zaza G. Mitochondria: a new therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:49. [PMID: 26612997 PMCID: PMC4660721 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic changes during chronic kidney disease (CKD) may induce higher production of oxygen radicals that play a significant role in the progression of renal damage and in the onset of important comorbidities. This condition seems to be in part related to dysfunctional mitochondria that cause an increased electron "leakage" from the respiratory chain during oxidative phosphorylation with a consequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly active molecules that may oxidize proteins, lipids and nucleic acids with a consequent damage of cells and tissues. To mitigate this mitochondria-related functional impairment, a variety of agents (including endogenous and food derived antioxidants, natural plants extracts, mitochondria-targeted molecules) combined with conventional therapies could be employed. However, although the anti-oxidant properties of these substances are well known, their use in clinical practice has been only partially investigated. Additionally, for their correct utilization is extremely important to understand their effects, to identify the correct target of intervention and to minimize adverse effects. Therefore, in this manuscript, we reviewed the characteristics of the available mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant compounds that could be employed routinely in our nephrology, internal medicine and renal transplant centers. Nevertheless, large clinical trials are needed to provide more definitive information about their use and to assess their overall efficacy or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Alessandra Dalla Gassa
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Paola Tomei
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
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Bucher AM, Joseph Schoepf U, Krazinski AW, Silverman J, Spearman JV, De Cecco CN, Meinel FG, Vogl TJ, Geyer LL. Influence of technical parameters on epicardial fat volume quantification at cardiac CT. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84:1062-7. [PMID: 25843418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically analyze the influence of technical parameters on quantification of epicardial fat volume (EATV) at cardiac CT. METHODS 153 routine cardiac CT data sets were analyzed using three-dimensional pericardial border delineation. Three image series were reconstructed per patient: (a) CTAD: coronary CT angiography (CTA), diastolic phase; (b) CTAS: coronary CTA, systolic phase; (c) CaScD: non-contrast CT, diastolic phase. EATV was calculated using three different upper thresholds (-15HU, -30 HU, -45HU). Repeated measures ANOVA, Spearman's rho, and Bland Altman plots were used. RESULTS Mean EATV differed between all three image series at a -30HU threshold (CTAD 87.2 ± 38.5 ml, CTAS 90.9 ± 37.7 ml, CaScD 130.7 ± 49.5 ml, P<0.001). EATV of diastolic and systolic CTA reconstructions did not differ significantly (P=0.225). Mean EATV for contrast enhanced CTA at a -15HU threshold (CTAD15 102.4 ± 43.6 ml, CTAS15 105.3 ± 42.3 ml) could be approximated most closely by non-contrast CT at -45HU threshold (CaScD45 105.3 ± 40.8 ml). The correlation was excellent: CTAS15-CTAD15, rho=0.943; CTAD15-CaScD45, rho=0.905; CTAS15-CaScD45, rho=0.924; each P<0.001). Bias values from Bland Altman Analysis were: CTAS15-CTAD15, 4.9%; CTAD15-CaScD45, -4.3%; CTAS15-CaScD45, 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS Measured EATV can differ substantially between contrast enhanced and non-contrast CT studies, which can be reconciled by threshold modification. Heart cycle phase does not significantly influence EATV measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Bucher
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Clinic of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - U Joseph Schoepf
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Aleksander W Krazinski
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Justin Silverman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - James V Spearman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Carlo N De Cecco
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome "Sapienza" - Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Felix G Meinel
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Clinic of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lucas L Geyer
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Agrawal AG, Kumar A, Gide PS. Formulation development and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of antioxidant coenzyme Q 10.. Arch Pharm Res 2014. [PMID: 25503273 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CQ10) is known as an endogenous cellular antioxidant, naturally found in every cell of the human body and plays an important role in maintaining human health. It is widely used as a nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical drug for various disorders like diabetes mellitus, carcinomas, neurodegenerative disorders etc. However, CQ10 is practically insoluble even in the presence of 5 % sodium lauryl sulfate in water and poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The present research is aimed to formulate and evaluate self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of CQ10 primarily to improve its aqueous solubility, dissolution velocity as well as hepatoprotective activity and thus enhancing its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values. Robustness to dilution, thermodynamic stability study, droplet size analysis and drug release were adopted to optimize liquid SNEDDS. Droplet size of the SNEDDS was found to be size less than 200 nm and appeared round in shape without aggregation under transmission electron microscopy examination. Liquid SNEDDS were adsorbed on porous carrier to get solid SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS). S-SNEDDS gave rapid (>90 %) drug release within 30 min while pure drug was not practically dissolved within 1 h. In vivo hepatoprotective activity showed that S-SNEDDS achieved the most liver protection as compared to the pure drug. Further S-SNEDDS was successfully converted to self nanoemulsifying mouth dissolving tablet. The enhanced solubility, dissolution velocity as well as hepatoprotective activity of CQ10, unravels the potential of S-SNEDDS as suitable carrier for enhancing nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values of CQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj G Agrawal
- Cachet Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd, An ALKEM Group, Baddi, Dist. Solan, 173205, India,
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