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Fat-only Dixon: how to use it in body MRI. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:2527-2544. [PMID: 35583822 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Dixon method for fat/water separation is widely used to obtain uniform fat suppression using the water-only reconstruction. However, the fat-only reconstruction is potentially neglected in clinical practice, either not sent to the PACS or ignored upon imaging review. Fat-only Dixon provides a valuable tool for rapid screening for microscopic fat and problem-solving of lesions of interest. This work will review the physics of Dixon fat/water separation, some clinical applications, artifacts, and protocol design considerations of Dixon imaging, and how to integrate the Dixon method into the clinical practice of body MRI.
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Kim JR, Yoon HM, Cho YA, Lee JS, Jung AY. Free-breathing contrast-enhanced upper abdominal MRI in children: comparison between Cartesian acquisition and stack-of-stars acquisition with two different fat-suppression techniques. Acta Radiol 2021; 62:541-550. [PMID: 32498544 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120928931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory artifacts impair image quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children who cannot hold breath during MRI examination. PURPOSE To compare the quality of free-breathing contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted (T1W) images of the upper abdomen in children using Cartesian acquisition (Cartesian eTHRIVE), stack-of-stars acquisition with spectral fat suppression (3D VANE eTHRIVE), and stack-of-stars acquisition with fat suppression using modified Dixon (3D VANE mDixon). MATERIAL AND METHODS Pediatric patients (aged <19 years) who underwent whole-body MRI with free-breathing contrast-enhanced T1W axial scans of upper abdomen using Cartesian eTHRIVE, 3D VANE eTHRIVE, and 3D VANE mDixon were enrolled. Image quality parameters were assessed including overall image quality, hepatic edge sharpness, hepatic vessel clarity, respiratory artifacts, radial artifacts, lesion conspicuity, and lesion edge sharpness using the Likert scale, where a lower score indicated poorer image quality. The coefficients of variation of signal intensity of liver and spleen were analyzed. RESULTS In 41 patients, 3D VANE eTHRIVE showed the highest scores for all image quality parameters (P ≤ 0.001). 3D VANE eTHRIVE also showed higher scores for respiratory (P ≤ 0.001) and radial artefacts than 3D VANE mDixon (P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in coefficients of variation of signal intensity of the liver and spleen between 3D VANE eTHRIVE and 3D VANE mDixon. Acquisition time was longer for 3D VANE eTHRIVE (81.26 ± 16 s) than for Cartesian eTHRIVE (7.87 ± 0.95 s) and 3D VANE mDixon (76.66 ± 12.4 s, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The application of stack-of-stars acquisition to 3D T1W abdominal MRI resulted in better image quality than Cartesian acquisition in free-breathing children. In stack-of-stars acquisition, spectral fat suppression resulted in better image quality and fewer artifacts than mDixon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Rye Kim
- Department of Radiology, Dankook University Hospital, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Mang Yoon
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Cho
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seong Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Jung
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Koç U, Ocakoğlu G, Alğin O. The efficacy of the 3-dimensional vibe-caipirinha-dixon technique in the evaluation of pancreatic steatosis. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:184-194. [PMID: 31865664 PMCID: PMC7080364 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1909-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim CAIPIRINHA is a new technique in abdominal imaging. Pancreatic steatosis (PS) is a subject of increasing scientific interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the isotropic 3D-VIBE- CAIPIRINHA -DIXON technique on a new generation 3-tesla MR unit in the evaluation of PS. Materials and methods In this retrospective study, the imaging findings of 49 patients with PS and 41 control subjects were examined. The pancreas-to-spleen ratio (PSR), pancreas-to-muscle ratio (PMR), and pancreatic signal intensity index (PSII) were defined as 3 new parameters and these indexes were calculated from the in-phase/out of phase 3D-VIBE- CAIPIRINHA-DIXON images. Results The PSR, PMR, and PSII values were significantly different between the patient and control groups (P = 0.001, P = 0.009, P < 0.001, respectively). Statistically significant differences were observed between patient and control groups for ROI measurements of fatty areas on these sequences/images: subtraction (in-out) (P < 0.001), T2W HASTE (P < 0.001), DIXON-fat (P < 0.001), fat-suppressed T1W (P = 0.002), and subtraction (out-in) (P = 0.010). Conclusion Evaluation of PS with the 3D-VIBE-CAIPIRINHA-DIXON technique can be made rapidly and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ural Koç
- Section of Radiology, Ankara Sehit Ahmet Ozsoy State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Ocakoğlu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Oktay Alğin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Comprehensive Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast With Fat/Water Separation and High Spatiotemporal Resolution Using Radial Sampling, Compressed Sensing, and Parallel Imaging. Invest Radiol 2018; 52:583-589. [PMID: 28398929 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of Dixon radial volumetric encoding (Dixon-RAVE) for comprehensive dynamic contrast-enhanced 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast using a combination of radial sampling, model-based fat/water separation, compressed sensing, and parallel imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant prospective study, 24 consecutive patients underwent bilateral breast MRI, including both conventional fat-suppressed and non-fat-suppressed precontrast T1-weighted volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE). Afterward, 1 continuous Dixon-RAVE scan was performed with the proposed approach while the contrast agent was injected. This scan was immediately followed by the acquisition of 4 conventional fat-saturated VIBE scans. From the comprehensive Dixon-RAVE data set, different image contrasts were reconstructed that are comparable to the separate conventional VIBE scans.Two radiologists independently rated image quality, conspicuity of fibroglandular tissue from fat (FG), and degree of fat suppression (FS) on a 5-point Likert-type scale for the following 3 comparisons: precontrast fat-suppressed (pre-FS), precontrast non-fat-suppressed (pre-NFS), and dynamic fat-suppressed (dyn-FS) images. RESULTS When scores were averaged over readers, Dixon-RAVE achieved significantly higher (P < 0.001) degree of fat suppression compared with VIBE, for both pre-FS (4.25 vs 3.67) and dyn-FS (4.10 vs 3.46) images. Although Dixon-RAVE had lower image quality score compared with VIBE for the pre-FS (3.56 vs 3.67, P = 0.490), the pre-NFS (3.54 vs 3.88, P = 0.009), and the dyn-FS images (3.06 vs 3.67, P < 0.001), acceptable or better diagnostic quality was achieved (score ≥ 3). The FG score for Dixon-RAVE in comparison to VIBE was significantly higher for the pre-FS image (4.23 vs 3.85, P = 0.044), lower for the pre-NFS image (3.98 vs 4.25, P = 0.054), and higher for the dynamic fat-suppressed image (3.90 vs 3.85, P = 0.845). CONCLUSIONS Dixon-RAVE can serve as a one-stop-shop approach for comprehensive T1-weighted breast MRI with diagnostic image quality, high spatiotemporal resolution, reduced overall scan time, and improved fat suppression compared with conventional imaging.
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Barat M, Soyer P, Dautry R, Pocard M, Lo-Dico R, Najah H, Eveno C, Cassinotto C, Dohan A. Preoperative detection of malignant liver tumors: Comparison of 3D-T2-weighted sequences with T2-weighted turbo spin-echo and single shot T2 at 1.5 T. Eur J Radiol 2018; 100:7-13. [PMID: 29496082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the performances of three-dimensional (3D)-T2-weighted sequences compared to standard T2-weighted turbo spin echo (T2-TSE), T2-half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (T2-HASTE), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and 3D-T1-weighted VIBE sequences in the preoperative detection of malignant liver tumors. METHODS From 2012 to 2015, all patients of our institution undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination for suspected malignant liver tumors were prospectively included. Patients had contrast-enhanced 3D-T1-weighted, DWI, 3D-T2-SPACE, T2-HASTE and T2-TSE sequences. Imaging findings were compared with those obtained at follow-up, surgery and histopathological analysis. Sensitivities for the detection of malignant liver tumors were compared for each sequence using McNemar test. A subgroup analysis was conducted for HCCs. Image artifacts were analyzed and compared using Wilcoxon paired signed rank-test. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were included: 13 patients had 40 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and 20 had 54 liver metastases. 3D-T2-weighted sequences had a higher sensitivity than T2-weighted TSE sequences for the detection of malignant liver tumors (79.8% versus 68.1%; P < 0.001). The difference did not reach significance for HCC. T1-weighted VIBE and DWI had a higher sensitivity than T2-weighted sequences. 3D-T2-weighted-SPACE sequences showed significantly less artifacts than T2-weitghted TSE. CONCLUSION 3D-T2-weighted sequences show very promising performances for the detection of liver malignant tumors compared to T2-weighted TSE sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Barat
- Department of Body and Interventional Imaging, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France; UMR INSERM 965, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Amboise Paré, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Soyer
- UMR INSERM 965, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Amboise Paré, 75010 Paris, France; Department of Body and Interventional Imaging, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Université Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot, 10 rue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Raphael Dautry
- Department of Body and Interventional Imaging, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
| | - Marc Pocard
- UMR INSERM 965, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Amboise Paré, 75010 Paris, France; Université Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot, 10 rue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
| | - Rea Lo-Dico
- Université Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot, 10 rue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
| | - Haythem Najah
- Université Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot, 10 rue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
| | - Clarisse Eveno
- UMR INSERM 965, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Amboise Paré, 75010 Paris, France; Université Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot, 10 rue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
| | - Christophe Cassinotto
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Hôpîtal Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 1 Avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac, France; INSERM U1053, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anthony Dohan
- UMR INSERM 965, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Amboise Paré, 75010 Paris, France; Department of Body and Interventional Imaging, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Université Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot, 10 rue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; McGill University Health Center, Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Rm C5 118, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Budjan J, Riffel P, Ong MM, Schoenberg SO, Attenberger UI, Hausmann D. Rapid Cartesian versus radial acquisition: comparison of two sequences for hepatobiliary phase MRI at 3 tesla in patients with impaired breath-hold capabilities. BMC Med Imaging 2017; 17:32. [PMID: 28486977 PMCID: PMC5424346 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-017-0203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte-specific gadolinium based contrast agents (HSCA) provide substantial information for the classification of liver lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, breathing artifacts which reduce image quality and diagnostic confidence of hepatobiliary phase acquisitions are regularly observed in clinical routine. The aim of this study was to evaluate two approaches to reduce breathing artifacts for hepatobiliary phase imaging. Methods Twenty minutes after administration of a HSCA (gadoxetic acid), a T1-weighted VIBE sequence with radial k-space sampling (radialVIBE, 180 s acquisition time in free breathing) and a highly accelerated Cartesian VIBE with Dixon fat separation (CD-VIBE, CAIPIRINHA acceleration with r = 2 × 2, breath-hold 8–10 s) were acquired in 35 patients (12 female, 57 ± 13 years), who showed breath-holding difficulties in early phases of the examinations. Image quality (image sharpness, noise, artifacts, homogeneity of fat saturation, bile duct delineation and overall image quality) as well as conspicuity and liver-to-lesion signal intensity (SI) ratios of focal liver lesions were assessed for both radial- and CD-VIBE. Results Overall image quality was rated good to excellent for both sequences, while CD-VIBE was preferred in most cases. Though radialVIBE received better results regarding image noise and artifacts, both sequences were rated equally regarding bile duct delineation and sharpness. Focal liver lesion (n = 42) conspicuity was rated significantly better and SI-ratios were significantly higher on CD-VIBE (2.45 ± 1.44 vs. 1.61 ± 0.70 in radialVIBE, p = 0.0001). In three patients, CD-VIBE was rated non-diagnostic due to severe breathing artifacts, while radialVIBE was diagnostic in those patients. Conclusion Both highly accelerated Cartesian as well as radial acquisition techniques provide good to excellent image quality in hepatobiliary phase MRI. In comparison, CD-VIBE offered better overall image quality and liver lesion conspicuity. However, radialVIBE was a valuable alternative in patients unable to sustain even short breath-hold intervals. Further studies including lager patient cohorts are desirable to allow a transfer of these results to a general patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Budjan
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Philipp Riffel
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Melissa M Ong
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schoenberg
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike I Attenberger
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Hausmann
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Hatakeyama R, Makabe T, Karino M, Sasaki A, Takami A, Umemura T, Uno H. [Image Quality Characteristics of the 3D-parallel Imaging Method (CAIPIRINHA) in Abdominal MRI]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2016; 72:1161-1168. [PMID: 27867177 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2016_jsrt_72.11.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the image quality using controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA) to shorten the imaging time in dynamic abdominal examinations. Comparisons with the conventional generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) method were made by changing the sampling shift in CAIPIRINHA using a 3.0 T MRI. The measurements included the visual evaluation of five stages, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in phantom experiments. The visual evaluation (five stages) and SNR were determined using a nickel sulfate bottle phantom attached to the MRI device. Each evaluation was performed on the middle slice of the 3D image. The SNR was compared with the mean region of interest value calculated from five locations within the phantom. The CNR was determined using custommade phantoms that mimic the T1 and T2 values of the liver and spleen. In the results, at reduction factor (Rf) = 6 and 8, the SNR per unit imaging time was reduced with GRAPPA, while there was no decrease in SNR and CNR with CAIPIRINHA. By performing imaging using an appropriate sampling shift, it is possible to acquire an equivalent GRAPPA in a short period of time using CAIPIRINHA.
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Fast MR Imaging of the Paediatric Abdomen with CAIPIRINHA-Accelerated T1w 3D FLASH and with High-Resolution T2w HASTE: A Study on Image Quality. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:693654. [PMID: 25945088 PMCID: PMC4405018 DOI: 10.1155/2015/693654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the applicability of fast MR techniques to routine paediatric abdominopelvic MRI at 1.5 Tesla. "Controlled Aliasing in Parallel Imaging Results in Higher Acceleration-" (CAIPIRINHA-) accelerated contrast-enhanced-T1w 3D FLASH imaging was compared to standard T1w 2D FLASH imaging with breath-holding in 40 paediatric patients and to respiratory-triggered T1w TSE imaging in 10 sedated young children. In 20 nonsedated patients, we compared T2w TIRM to fat-saturated T2w HASTE imaging. Two observers performed an independent and blinded assessment of overall image quality. Acquisition time was reduced by the factor of 15 with CAIPIRINHA-accelerated T1w FLASH and by 7 with T2w HASTE. With CAIPIRINHA and with HASTE, there were significantly less motion artefacts in nonsedated patients. In sedated patients, respiratory-triggered T1w imaging in general showed better image quality. However, satisfactory image quality was achieved with CAIPIRINHA in two sedated patients where respiratory triggering failed. In summary, fast scanning with CAIPIRINHA and HASTE presents a reliable high quality alternative to standard sequences in paediatric abdominal MRI. Paediatric patients, in particular, benefit greatly from fast image acquisition with less breath-hold cycles or shorter sedation.
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