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Kang J, Fan X, Zhong Y, Casanova MF, Sokhadze EM, Li X, Niu Z, Geng X. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates EEG Microstates in Low-Functioning Autism: A Pilot Study. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010098. [PMID: 36671670 PMCID: PMC9855011 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous disorder that affects several behavioral domains of neurodevelopment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a new method that modulates motor and cognitive function and may have potential applications in ASD treatment. To identify its potential effects on ASD, differences in electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates were compared between children with typical development (n = 26) and those with ASD (n = 26). Furthermore, children with ASD were divided into a tDCS (experimental) and sham stimulation (control) group, and EEG microstates and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) scores before and after tDCS were compared. Microstates A, B, and D differed significantly between children with TD and those with ASD. In the experimental group, the scores of microstates A and C and ABC before tDCS differed from those after tDCS. Conversely, in the control group, neither the EEG microstates nor the ABC scores before the treatment period (sham stimulation) differed from those after the treatment period. This study indicates that tDCS may become a viable treatment for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Kang
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiwang Fan
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Yiwen Zhong
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Manuel F. Casanova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville Campus, Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Estate M. Sokhadze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville Campus, Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Xiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100859, China
| | - Zikang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100859, China
- Correspondence: (Z.N.); (X.G.)
| | - Xinling Geng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (Z.N.); (X.G.)
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Kulick-Soper CV, Shinohara RT, Ellis CA, Ganguly TM, Raghupathi R, Pathmanathan JS, Conrad EC. Quantitative artifact reduction and pharmacologic paralysis improve detection of EEG epileptiform activity in critically ill patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 145:89-97. [PMID: 36462473 PMCID: PMC9897212 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epileptiform activity is common in critically ill patients, but movement-related artifacts-including electromyography (EMG) and myoclonus-can obscure EEG, limiting detection of epileptiform activity. We sought to determine the ability of pharmacologic paralysis and quantitative artifact reduction (AR) to improve epileptiform discharge detection. METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent continuous EEG monitoring with pharmacologic paralysis. Four reviewers read each patient's EEG pre- and post- both paralysis and AR, and indicated the presence of epileptiform discharges. We compared the interrater reliability (IRR) of identifying discharges at baseline, post-AR, and post-paralysis, and compared the performance of AR and paralysis according to artifact type. RESULTS IRR of identifying epileptiform discharges at baseline was slight (N = 30; κ = 0.10) with a trend toward increase post-AR (κ = 0.26, p = 0.053) and a significant increase post-paralysis (κ = 0.51, p = 0.001). AR was as effective as paralysis at improving IRR of identifying discharges in those with high EMG artifact (N = 15; post-AR κ = 0.63, p = 0.009; post-paralysis κ = 0.62, p = 0.006) but not with primarily myoclonus artifact (N = 15). CONCLUSIONS Paralysis improves detection of epileptiform activity in critically ill patients when movement-related artifact obscures EEG features. AR improves detection as much as paralysis when EMG artifact is high, but is ineffective when the primary source of artifact is myoclonus. SIGNIFICANCE In the appropriate setting, both AR and paralysis facilitate identification of epileptiform activity in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine V. Kulick-Soper
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding author at: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street 3, West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Fax: +1 215 349 5733. (C.V. Kulick-Soper)
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin A. Ellis
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taneeta M. Ganguly
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ramya Raghupathi
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jay S. Pathmanathan
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erin C. Conrad
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pope KJ, Lewis TW, Fitzgibbon SP, Janani AS, Grummett TS, Williams PAH, Battersby M, Bastiampillai T, Whitham EM, Willoughby JO. Managing electromyogram contamination in scalp recordings: An approach identifying reliable beta and gamma EEG features of psychoses or other disorders. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2721. [PMID: 35919931 PMCID: PMC9480942 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In publications on the electroencephalographic (EEG) features of psychoses and other disorders, various methods are utilized to diminish electromyogram (EMG) contamination. The extent of residual EMG contamination using these methods has not been recognized. Here, we seek to emphasize the extent of residual EMG contamination of EEG. METHODS We compared scalp electrical recordings after applying different EMG-pruning methods with recordings of EMG-free data from 6 fully paralyzed healthy subjects. We calculated the ratio of the power of pruned, normal scalp electrical recordings in the six subjects, to the power of unpruned recordings in the same subjects when paralyzed. We produced "contamination graphs" for different pruning methods. RESULTS EMG contamination exceeds EEG signals progressively more as frequencies exceed 25 Hz and with distance from the vertex. In contrast, Laplacian signals are spared in central scalp areas, even to 100 Hz. CONCLUSION Given probable EMG contamination of EEG in psychiatric and other studies, few findings on beta- or gamma-frequency power can be relied upon. Based on the effectiveness of current methods of EEG de-contamination, investigators should be able to reanalyze recorded data, reevaluate conclusions from high-frequency EEG data, and be aware of limitations of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Pope
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Trent W Lewis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sean P Fitzgibbon
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Azin S Janani
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tyler S Grummett
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Patricia A H Williams
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Flinders Digital Health Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Malcolm Battersby
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma M Whitham
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John O Willoughby
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Zhuang X, Yang Z, Cordes D. A technical review of canonical correlation analysis for neuroscience applications. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3807-3833. [PMID: 32592530 PMCID: PMC7416047 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collecting comprehensive data sets of the same subject has become a standard in neuroscience research and uncovering multivariate relationships among collected data sets have gained significant attentions in recent years. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is one of the powerful multivariate tools to jointly investigate relationships among multiple data sets, which can uncover disease or environmental effects in various modalities simultaneously and characterize changes during development, aging, and disease progressions comprehensively. In the past 10 years, despite an increasing number of studies have utilized CCA in multivariate analysis, simple conventional CCA dominates these applications. Multiple CCA-variant techniques have been proposed to improve the model performance; however, the complicated multivariate formulations and not well-known capabilities have delayed their wide applications. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive review of CCA and its variant techniques is provided. Detailed technical formulation with analytical and numerical solutions, current applications in neuroscience research, and advantages and limitations of each CCA-related technique are discussed. Finally, a general guideline in how to select the most appropriate CCA-related technique based on the properties of available data sets and particularly targeted neuroscience questions is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhuang
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Zhengshi Yang
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Dietmar Cordes
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthLas VegasNevadaUSA
- University of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
- Department of Brain HealthUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNevadaUSA
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Schlink BR, Nordin AD, Ferris DP. Comparison of Signal Processing Methods for Reducing Motion Artifacts in High-Density Electromyography During Human Locomotion. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1:156-165. [PMID: 35402949 PMCID: PMC8974705 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2020.2999782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: High-density electromyography (EMG) is useful for studying changes in myoelectric activity within a muscle during human movement, but it is prone to motion artifacts during locomotion. We compared canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis methods for signal decomposition and component filtering with a traditional EMG high-pass filtering approach to quantify their relative performance at removing motion artifacts from high-density EMG of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles during human walking and running. Results: Canonical correlation analysis filtering provided a greater reduction in signal content at frequency bands associated with motion artifacts than either traditional high-pass filtering or principal component analysis filtering. Canonical correlation analysis filtering also minimized signal reduction at frequency bands expected to consist of true myoelectric signal. Conclusions: Canonical correlation analysis filtering appears to outperform a standard high-pass filter and principal component analysis filter in cleaning high-density EMG collected during fast walking or running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R Schlink
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32608 USA
| | - Andrew D Nordin
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32608 USA
| | - Daniel P Ferris
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32608 USA
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