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Zhou C, Lu Z, Sun B, Yi Y, Zhang B, Wang Z, Qiu SJ. Peripheral Lymphocytes in Primary Liver Cancers: Elevated NK and CD8+ T Cells and Dysregulated Selenium Metabolism. Biomolecules 2024; 14:222. [PMID: 38397459 PMCID: PMC10886987 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), which play a pivotal role in orchestrating the immune system, garner minimal attention in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The impact of primary liver cancers on PBLs remains unexplored. In this study, flow cytometry facilitated the quantification of cell populations, while transcriptome of PBLs was executed utilizing 10× single-cell sequencing technology. Additionally, pertinent cases were curated from the GEO database. Subsequent bioinformatics and statistical analyses were conducted utilizing R (4.2.1) software. Elevated counts of NK cells and CD8+ T cells were observed in both ICC and HCC when compared to benign liver disease (BLD). In the multivariate Cox model, NK cells and CD8+ T cells emerged as independent risk factors for recurrence-free survival. Single-cell sequencing of PBLs uncovered the downregulation of TGFβ signaling in tumor-derived CD8+ T cells. Pathway enrichment analysis, based on differential expression profiling, highlighted aberrations in selenium metabolism. Proteomic analysis of preoperative and postoperative peripheral blood samples from patients undergoing tumor resection revealed a significant upregulation of SELENBP1 and a significant downregulation of SEPP1. Primary liver cancer has a definite impact on PBLs, manifested by alterations in cellular quantities and selenoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Zhufeng Lu
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Baoye Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Yong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Boheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.)
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen 361015, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.)
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Zhu Y, Chen L, Song B, Cui Z, Chen G, Yu Z, Song B. Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 (IGF-2) in Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1557. [PMID: 36358907 PMCID: PMC9687531 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin family consists of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), their receptors (IR, IGF-1R and IGF-2R), and their binding proteins. All three ligands are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, protein synthesis and metabolism due to their homologous sequences and structural similarities. Insulin-like growth factor 2, a member of the insulin family, plays an important role in embryonic development, metabolic disorders, and tumorigenesis by combining with three receptors with different degrees of affinity. The main pathological feature of various fibrotic diseases is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) after tissue and organ damage, which eventually results in organic dysfunction because scar formation replaces tissue parenchyma. As a mitogenic factor, IGF-2 is overexpressed in many fibrotic diseases. It can promote the proliferation of fibroblasts significantly, as well as the production of ECM in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This review aims to describe the expression changes and fibrosis-promoting effects of IGF-2 in the skin, oral cavity, heart, lung, liver, and kidney fibrotic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Baoqiang Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Wang B, Ma M, Guo X, Yan Y, Li L. Associations between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: An update meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27527. [PMID: 34731145 PMCID: PMC8519208 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the associations between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, the Google Scholar, Wan fang database, VIP database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were extensively searched before April 2021. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Review Manager Version 5.3, STATA version 12.0 and TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software were used. RESULTS Nineteen studies with 6941 HCC patients and 9436 controls were finally included. The MTHFR rs1801133 (C677T) SNP was associated with increased HCC risk under heterozygote genetic model (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.20]). For Subgroup analysis, increased risks of HCC were detected in Mongoloid, Chinese. For MTHFR rs1801131 (A1298C) SNP, increased risk of HCC was only observed in Caucasians (allelic: OR = 1.86, 95% CI = [1.49, 2.31]; homozygote: OR = 3.39, 95% CI = [2.18, 5.27]), interesting decreased risk was detected in Mongoloid (recessive: OR = 0.30, 95% CI = [0.15, 0.58]; homozygote: OR = 0.41, 95% CI = [0.24, 0.72]). Sensitivity analysis indicated stability in our results. Publication bias was not detected based on Begg test and Egger test. Trial sequential analysis indicated further studies to confirm the associations in MTHFR C677T polymorphism. CONCLUSION The MTHFR rs1801133 SNP was associated with an increased risk of HCC in Mongoloid population especially in Chinese. Increased HCC risk is also observed in Caucasian population for the MTHFR rs1801131 SNP, and decreased risk of HCC is remarkably discovered in Mongoloid and Chinese subgroups, which need further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binfeng Wang
- The Renmin Hospital of Tongchuan City, Tongchuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Ma
- The Renmin Hospital of Tongchuan City, Tongchuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- The Renmin Hospital of Tongchuan City, Tongchuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Yan
- The Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Lang Li
- The Tongchuan Vocational and Technical College, Tongchuan, Shanxi, China
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Loss of SRSF2 triggers hepatic progenitor cell activation and tumor development in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:210. [PMID: 32372053 PMCID: PMC7200752 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Splicing factor SRSF2 is frequently mutated or up-regulated in human cancers. Here, we observe that hepatocyte-specific deletion of Srsf2 trigger development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice, which also involves inflammation and fibrosis. Importantly, we find that, when compensatory hepatocyte proliferation is impaired, activation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) play an important role in liver regeneration and tumor formation. Moreover, the cells of HCC- bearing livers display both HPC and hepatocyte markers, with gene expression profiling suggesting HPC origin and embryonic origin. Mechanically, we demonstrate that levels of oncofetal genes insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) and H19 are significantly increased in the tumors, likely due to decreased DNA methylation of the Igf2/H19 locus. Consequently, signaling via the Igf2 pathway is highly activated in the tumors. Thus, our data demonstrate that loss of Srsf2 triggers HPC-mediated regeneration and activation of oncofetal genes, which altogether promote HCC development and progression in mice. Chang Zhang, Lei Shen et al show that conditional deletion of the splicing factor Srsf2 in hepatocytes leads to activation and expansion of hepatic progenitor cells and eventually to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in aged mice. These findings may be relevant to HCC development in humans.
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Tai BJ, Yao M, Zheng WJ, Shen YC, Wang L, Sun JY, Wu MN, Dong ZZ, Yao DF. Alteration of oncogenic IGF-II gene methylation status associates with hepatocyte malignant transformation. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:158-163. [PMID: 30692043 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed to analyze the dynamic alteration of IGF-II CpG site methylation status and its molecular mechanism in HCC progression. METHODS IGF-II alterations were observed in rat hepatocarcinogenesis models induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene. Liver IGF-II expression was compared by immunohistochemistry or tissue IGF-II specific concentration (nmol/mg protein). Status of human IGF-II promoter 3 (P3) or rat IGF-II P2 CpG site methylation was amplified by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Serum IGF-II levels were quantitatively detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The levels of hepatic IGF-II expression were significantly elevated in the HCC group (P < 0.001). The unmethylation rate of IGF-II P3 CpG sites was 100% in the HCC-, 52.5% in the paracancerous-, and none (0%) in the distal noncancerous-tissues. Abnormal IGF-II expression was related to differentiation degree, tumor invasion, and positive HBV-DNA (all P < 0.001), with a negative correlation between P3 methylation degree and IGF-II expression. There was a positive correlation between liver IGF-II specific concentration and circulating IGF-II level (r = 0.97, P < 0.001). Significantly negative correlation was found between IGF-II P2 CpG site methylation and circulating IGF-II (rs = -0.89, P < 0.001) or liver IGF-II level (rs = -0.84, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The increase of serum IGF-II and the alteration of oncogenic gene IGF-II methylation may be biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and DNA methylation may be the therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jun Tai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226601, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jian-Ying Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Meng-Na Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Dong
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Deng-Fu Yao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Zeng Y, Li TL, Zhang HB, Deng JL, Zhang R, Sun H, Wan ZR, Liu YZ, Zhu YS, Wang G. Polymorphisms in IGF2/H19 gene locus are associated with platinum-based chemotherapeutic response in Chinese patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:179-188. [PMID: 30672383 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to assess the association between IGF2/H19 genetic variants and susceptibility to platinum-based chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS A total of 43 platinum-resistant (PR) and 138 platinum-sensitive (PS) EOC patients were recruited in our study. 21 polymorphisms in IGF2/H19 locus were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAY assay. RESULTS The frequencies of GG genotype in both rs3842761(C/G) and rs4244809(A/G) were significantly lower in PR group compared with those in PS group (9.76 vs 23.36%, p = 0.049; 9.76 vs 26.09%, p = 0.045; respectively). Compared with the AA genotype, rs4244809 GG genotype was associated with significantly reduced risk of platinum resistance (adjusted OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.10-0.91; p = 0.033). Further stratified analyses revealed that the SNPs of rs3842761 and rs4244809 were greatly related to PR risk in FIGO stage III-IV (rs3842761GG/CC+CG: adjusted OR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.02-1.21; rs4244809 GG/AA+AG: adjusted OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.07-0.84; respectively) and serous adenocarcinoma subgroups (rs3842761 GG/CC+CG: adjusted OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.94; rs4244809 GG/AA+AG: adjusted OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04-0.5; respectively), while rs7924316 polymorphism was associated with reduced risk of PR in serous adenocarcinoma subgroup as analyzed by a recessive model (rs7924316 GG/TT+TG: adjusted OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05-0.98). In addition, both TCT haplotypes of rs3741206/rs3842761/rs7924316 and TC haplotype of rs3741206/rs3842761 were associated with elevated risk of PR (for the TCT haplotype of rs3741206/rs3842761/rs7924316: p = 0.049; OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.00-2.87; for the TC haplotype of rs3741206/rs3842761: p = 0.044; OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.01-2.88). CONCLUSION These results suggest that polymorphisms in IGF2/H19 gene locus are associated with PR risk in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Tai-Lin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510289, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Jun-Li Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei 230041, PR China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Zi-Rui Wan
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Ying-Zi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, PR China
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Saad AA, El-Sikaily A, Kamel MA, Kassem H, Abdel-Latif MS. Relationship between Metal Pollution and Gene Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor II. J Health Pollut 2018; 8:180608. [PMID: 30524857 PMCID: PMC6239064 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-8.18.180608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metals pollution plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression through interference with signal transduction pathways which are important for cell bioactivity. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to estimate metallothionein levels in mussels as a biomarker of exposure to heavy metals in order to monitor the pollution of Abu Qir Bay, Egypt (El-Maadiya region) and to evaluate the impact of heavy metals on human health by examining insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-2) gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. METHODS One hundred and forty mussel samples (Andara dulofii) were collected from Abu-Qir Bay, stored in bags, preserved in an ice box, and then transported to the laboratory to acclimatize at 20°C for three days in ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA)-free synthetic sea water to determine the presence of metallothionein and five other metals (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)). RESULTS Results showed that mussels collected from the study area contained a measurable amount of metallothionein. In addition, results revealed an increased level of malondialdehyde coinciding with a decreased level of antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress in local fishermen. CONCLUSIONS The present data demonstrated a significant increase in the gene expression of IGF-2 and a positive correlation between IGF-2 gene expression and the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase in male subjects. PARTICIPANT CONSENT Obtained. ETHICS APPROVAL Written consent was provided by the study participants and study approval was given by the ethics committee of Alexandria University (US Department of Health and Human Services, Registration of an Institutional Review Board, IORG0008812 Medical Research Institute, Expires 4/8/2019, OMB No:0990-0279). COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza A. Saad
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University
| | - Amany El-Sikaily
- Marine Pollution Department, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Ministry of Scientific Research, Egypt
| | - Maher A. Kamel
- Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University
| | - Hany Kassem
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University
| | - Mohamed S. Abdel-Latif
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) System in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051308. [PMID: 29702590 PMCID: PMC5983723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis are affected by growth factors produced in liver. Insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 (IGF1 and IGF2) act in response to growth hormone (GH). Other IGF family components include at least six binding proteins (IGFBP1 to 6), manifested by both IGFs develop due to interaction through the type 1 receptor (IGF1R). The data based on animal models and/or in vitro studies suggest the role of IGF system components in cellular aspects of hepatocarcinogenesis (cell cycle progression, uncontrolled proliferation, cell survival, migration, inhibition of apoptosis, protein synthesis and cell growth), and show that systemic IGF1 administration can reduce fibrosis and ameliorate general liver function. In epidemiologic and clinicopathological studies on chronic liver disease (CLD), lowered serum levels, decreased tissue expression of IGF1, elevated production of IGF1R and variable IGF2 expression has been noted, from the start of preneoplastic alterations up to the developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stage. These changes result in well-known clinical symptoms of IGF1 deficiency. This review summarized the current data of the complex role of IGF system components in the most common CLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma). Better recognition and understanding of this system can contribute to discovery of new and improved versions of current preventive and therapeutic actions in CLD.
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[Epigenetics in atherosclerosis]. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2015; 28:102-19. [PMID: 26088002 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The association studies based on candidate genes carried on for decades have helped in visualizing the influence of the genetic component in complex diseases such as atherosclerosis, also showing the interaction between different genes and environmental factors. Even with all the knowledge accumulated, there is still some way to go to decipher the individual predisposition to disease, and if we consider the great influence that environmental factors play in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, epigenetics is presented as a key element in trying to expand our knowledge on individual predisposition to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Epigenetics can be described as the discipline that studies the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation, independent of changes in the sequence of DNA, and mostly induced by environmental factors. This review aims to describe what epigenetics is and how epigenetic mechanisms are involved in atherosclerosis.
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Dong Y, Li J, Han F, Chen H, Zhao X, Qin Q, Shi R, Liu J. High IGF2 expression is associated with poor clinical outcome in human ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:936-42. [PMID: 26063585 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in females and is the leading cause of death among gynaecological cancers in women worldwide. In the present study, we identified insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) as a differentially expressed gene between cancerous and non-cancerous ovarian tissues. IGF2 was frequently increased in the human ovarian cancers when compared to the frequency in the non-cancerous ovarian tissues both at the mRNA (30/35) and protein level (61/72). The mean level of IGF2 in the tumor tissues was markedly higher than that in the non-cancerous tissues (nearly 3-fold change) (P=0.000). There was a significant correlation of IGF2 expression with histological grade (P=0.047). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the ovarian cancer patients with high IGF2 expression showed a poorer prognosis both in regards to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (n=1,648, P=0.000). Further analysis revealed that high expression of IGF2 was an unfavorable factor for the prognosis of the ovarian cancer patients at clinical stage I + II, stage III, histological grade 2, grade 3 or those treated with chemotherapy containing platin and Taxol. Our data provide evidence that IGF2 expression is frequently increased in ovarian cancer tissues, and high expression of IGF2 may be a significant prognostic factor for poor survival in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hongqiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ronghui Shi
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a 7.5 kDa mitogenic peptide hormone expressed by liver and many other tissues. It is three times more abundant in serum than IGF1, but our understanding of its physiological and pathological roles has lagged behind that of IGF1. Expression of the IGF2 gene is strictly regulated. Over-expression occurs in many cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. Elevated serum IGF2 is also associated with increased risk of developing various cancers including colorectal, breast, prostate and lung. There is established clinical utility for IGF2 measurement in the diagnosis of non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia, a condition characterised by a molar IGF2:IGF1 ratio >10. Recent advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of IGF2 in cancer have suggested much novel clinical utility for its measurement. Measurement of IGF2 in blood and genetic and epigenetic tests of the IGF2 gene may help assess cancer risk and prognosis. Further studies will determine whether these tests enter clinical practice. New therapeutic approaches are being developed to target IGF2 action. This review provides a clinical perspective on IGF2 and an update on recent research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Livingstone
- Peptide Hormones Supraregional Assay Service (SAS), Clinical Biochemistry Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Trust, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XX, UK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK
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Zheng R, Zhao W, Dai D, Li C. Associations between MTHFR Ala222Val polymorphism and risks of hepatitis and hepatitis-related liver cancer: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1313-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Sun H, Han B, Zhai H, Cheng X, Ma K. Significant association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:189-93. [PMID: 24132589 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies investigated the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk, but the impact of MTHFR C677T polymorphism on hepatocellular carcinoma was still unclear, owing to the obvious inconsistence from those studies. This study aimed to quantify the strength of the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk by performing a meta-analysis. We searched the PubMed and Wanfang databases for studies on the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. We estimated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to assess the association. Fifteen studies with 8,625 participants were finally included into the meta-analysis. Meta-analyses of total 15 studies suggested that MTHFR C677T polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma under two main genetic models (for TT versus CC, OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.03-1.37, P = 0.016; for TT versus CT/CC, OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.28, P = 0.032). Subgroup meta-analyses suggested that MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asians, but not in Caucasians. Thus, individuals with homozygote genotype TT of MTHFR C677T have obviously increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Sun
- Department of Biliary and Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Djiogue S, Nwabo Kamdje AH, Vecchio L, Kipanyula MJ, Farahna M, Aldebasi Y, Seke Etet PF. Insulin resistance and cancer: the role of insulin and IGFs. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013. [PMID: 23207292 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, IGF1, and IGF2 are the most studied insulin-like peptides (ILPs). These are evolutionary conserved factors well known as key regulators of energy metabolism and growth, with crucial roles in insulin resistance-related metabolic disorders such as obesity, diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as associated immune deregulations. A growing body of evidence suggests that insulin and IGF1 receptors mediate their effects on regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, glucose transport, and energy metabolism by signaling downstream through insulin receptor substrate molecules and thus play a pivotal role in cell fate determination. Despite the emerging evidence from epidemiological studies on the possible relationship between insulin resistance and cancer, our understanding on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that might account for this relationship remains incompletely understood. The involvement of IGFs in carcinogenesis is attributed to their role in linking high energy intake, increased cell proliferation, and suppression of apoptosis to cancer risks, which has been proposed as the key mechanism bridging insulin resistance and cancer. The present review summarizes and discusses evidence highlighting recent advances in our understanding on the role of ILPs as the link between insulin resistance and cancer and between immune deregulation and cancer in obesity, as well as those areas where there remains a paucity of data. It is anticipated that issues discussed in this paper will also recover new therapeutic targets that can assist in diagnostic screening and novel approaches to controlling tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefirin Djiogue
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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