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Kaur G, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA. Format (2D vs 3D) and media effect target expression and response of patient-derived and standard NSCLC lines to EGFR inhibitors. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100463. [PMID: 34601320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Three patient-derived NSCLC lines and three well-established NSCLC lines with varied EGFR gene status were compared for expression of EGFR protein, proliferation and epithelial and mesenchymal markers in monolayer, simple spheroid and complex spheroid cultures. The effects of diverse culture conditions and exposure time on the response of the six NSCLC lines to the EGFR inhibitors erlotinib, afatinib, lapatinib, and osimertinib were examined. The clinical Cmax was used as the test concentration to determine whether cells were responsive or resistant to each agent. Among the patient-derived lines, LG0703-F948, which has an EGFR L858R mutation, was responsive to each of the four EGFR inhibitor when grown as spheroids but resistant when grown in monolayer. The HCC827 line, which carries an EGFR E746-A750 deletion, was responsive to each of the four EGFR inhibitors when grown as spheroids or monolayers. NCI-H1975 cells which have an EGFR T790M mutation and an EGFR L858R mutation, were sensitive to osimertinib when propagated as spheroids but not when grown in monolayer. The results suggest that the expression of cell surface targets and response to drugs targeting cell surface proteins varies depending upon cell culture format. These findings may help to explain, in part, the concordance or discordance between cell culture and in vivo findings in experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmeet Kaur
- DCTD National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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2
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Tabbò F, Guerrera F, van den Berg A, Gaudiano M, Maletta F, Bessone L, Nottegar A, Costardi L, de Wijn R, Ruijtenbeek R, Delsedime L, Sapino A, Ruffini E, Hilhorst R, Inghirami G. Kinomic profiling of tumour xenografts derived from patients with non-small cell lung cancer confirms their fidelity and reveals potentially actionable pathways. Eur J Cancer 2020; 144:17-30. [PMID: 33316635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High fidelity between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) primary tumours and patient-derived tumour xenografts (PDTXs) is of paramount relevance to spur their application. Extensive proteomic and kinomic analysis of these preclinical models are missing and may inform about their functional status, in terms of phosphopeptides and hyperactive signalling pathways. METHODS We investigated tumour xenografts derived from patients with NSCLC to identify hyperactive signalling pathways. Fresh tumour fragments from 81 NSCLC surgical samples were implanted in Nod/Scid/Gamma mice, and engrafted tumours were compared with primary specimens by morphology, immunohistochemistry, gene mutation analyses, and kinase activity profiling. Four different tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase inhibitors were tested against primary tumour and PDTX lysates using the PamGene peptide microarray platform. RESULTS The engraftment rate was 33%, with successful engraftment being more associated with poor clinical outcomes. Genomic profiles led to the recognition of hotspot mutations, some of which were initially undetected in donor samples. Kinomic analyses showed that characteristics of primary tumours were retained in PDTXs, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) responses of individual PDTX lines were either expected, based on the genetic status, or alternatively defined suitable targets unpredictable by single-genome fingerprints. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, PDTXs mostly resembled their parental NSCLC. Combining genomic and kinomic analyses of tumour xenografts derived from patients with NSCLC, we identified patients' specific targetable pathways, confirming PDTXs as a preclinical tool for biomarker identification and therapeutic algorithm'' improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Tabbò
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Francesco Guerrera
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Gaudiano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Francesca Maletta
- Pathology Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Bessone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Nottegar
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorena Costardi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Rik de Wijn
- PamGene International BV, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Ruijtenbeek
- PamGene International BV, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands; Genmab, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luisa Delsedime
- Pathology Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Department of of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Ruffini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Riet Hilhorst
- PamGene International BV, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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Shi R, Li M, Raghavan V, Tam S, Cabanero M, Pham NA, Shepherd FA, Moghal N, Tsao MS. Targeting the CDK4/6-Rb Pathway Enhances Response to PI3K Inhibition in PIK3CA-Mutant Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5990-6000. [PMID: 30093452 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a major subtype of non-small cell lung cancer characterized by multiple genetic alterations, particularly PI3K pathway alterations which have been identified in over 50% of LUSC cases. Despite being an attractive target, single-agent PI3K inhibitors have demonstrated modest response in LUSC. Thus, novel combination therapies targeting LUSC are needed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PI3K inhibitors alone and in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors were evaluated in previously established LUSC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) using an in vivo screening method. Screening results were validated with in vivo expansion to 5 to 8 mice per arm. Pharmacodynamics studies were performed to confirm targeted inhibition of compounds. RESULTS Consistent with results from The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis of LUSC, genomic profiling of our large cohort of LUSC PDX models identified PI3K pathway alterations in over 50% of the models. In vivo screening using PI3K inhibitors in 12 of these models identified PIK3CA mutation as a predictive biomarker of response (<20% tumor growth compared with baseline/vehicle). Combined inhibition of PI3K and CDK4/6 in models with PIK3CA mutation resulted in greater antitumor effects compared with either monotherapy alone. In addition, the combination of the two drugs achieved targeted inhibition of the PI3K and cell-cycle pathways. CONCLUSIONS PIK3CA mutations predict response to PI3K inhibitors in LUSC. Combined PI3K and CDK4/6 inhibition enhances response to either single agents alone. Our findings provide a rationale for clinical testing of combined PI3K and CDK4/6 inhibitors in PIK3CA-mutant LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Shi
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Li
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vibha Raghavan
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirley Tam
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Cabanero
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nhu-An Pham
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadeem Moghal
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Medical science has recently advanced to the point where diagnosis and therapeutics can be carried out with high precision, even at the molecular level. A new field of "precision medicine" has consequently emerged with specific clinical implications and challenges that can be well-addressed by newly developed nanomaterials. Here, a nanoscience approach to precision medicine is provided, with a focus on cancer therapy, based on a new concept of "molecularly-defined cancers." "Next-generation sequencing" is introduced to identify the oncogene that is responsible for a class of cancers. This new approach is fundamentally different from all conventional cancer therapies that rely on diagnosis of the anatomic origins where the tumors are found. To treat cancers at molecular level, a recently developed "microRNA replacement therapy" is applied, utilizing nanocarriers, in order to regulate the driver oncogene, which is the core of cancer precision therapeutics. Furthermore, the outcome of the nanomediated oncogenic regulation has to be accurately assessed by the genetically characterized, patient-derived xenograft models. Cancer therapy in this fashion is a quintessential example of precision medicine, presenting many challenges to the materials communities with new issues in structural design, surface functionalization, gene/drug storage and delivery, cell targeting, and medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Wang
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, the Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shuyang Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Donglu Shi
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, the Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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Sun S, Wang Y, Zhou R, Deng Z, Han Y, Han X, Tao W, Yang Z, Shi C, Hong D, Li J, Shi D, Zhang Z. Targeting and Regulating of an Oncogene via Nanovector Delivery of MicroRNA using Patient-Derived Xenografts. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:677-693. [PMID: 28255359 PMCID: PMC5327642 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In precision cancer nanomedicine, the key is to identify the oncogenes that are responsible for tumorigenesis, based on which these genetic drivers can be each specifically regulated by a nanovector-directed, oncogene-targeted microRNA (miRNA) for tumor suppression. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) is such an oncogene. The molecular tumor-subtype harboring FGFR3 genomic alteration has been identified via genomic sequencing and referred to as the FGFR3-driven tumors. This genomics-based tumor classification provides further rationale for the development of the FGFR3-targeted miRNA replacement therapy in treating patients with FGFR3 gene abnormity. However, successful miRNA therapy has been hampered by lacking of an efficient delivery vehicle. In this study, a nanovector is developed for microRNA-100 (miR-100) -mediated FGFR3 regulation. The nanovector is composed of the mesoporous magnetic clusters that are conjugated with ternary polymers for efficient miRNA in-vivo delivery. The miRNA-loading capacity of the nanovector is found to be high due to the polycation polymer functionalized mesoporous structure, showing excellent tumor cell transfection and pH-sensitive miRNA release. Delivery of miR-100 to cancer cells effectively down-regulates the expression of FGFR3, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces cell apoptosis in vitro. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are used to evaluate the efficacy of miRNA delivery in the FGFR3-driven tumors. Notably, sharp contrasts are observed between the FGFR3-driven tumors and those without FGFR3 genomic alteration. Only the FGFR3-driven PDXs are significantly inhibited via miR-100 delivery while the non-FGFR3-driven PDXs are not affected, showing promise of precision cancer nanomedicine.
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Wang D, Pham NA, Tong J, Sakashita S, Allo G, Kim L, Yanagawa N, Raghavan V, Wei Y, To C, Trinh QM, Starmans MHW, Chan-Seng-Yue MA, Chadwick D, Li L, Zhu CQ, Liu N, Li M, Lee S, Ignatchenko V, Strumpf D, Taylor P, Moghal N, Liu G, Boutros PC, Kislinger T, Pintilie M, Jurisica I, Shepherd FA, McPherson JD, Muthuswamy L, Moran MF, Tsao MS. Molecular heterogeneity of non-small cell lung carcinoma patient-derived xenografts closely reflect their primary tumors. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:662-673. [PMID: 27750381 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Availability of lung cancer models that closely mimic human tumors remains a significant gap in cancer research, as tumor cell lines and mouse models may not recapitulate the spectrum of lung cancer heterogeneity seen in patients. We aimed to establish a patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) resource from surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Fresh tumor tissue from surgical resection was implanted and grown in the subcutaneous pocket of non-obese severe combined immune deficient (NOD SCID) gamma mice. Subsequent passages were in NOD SCID mice. A subset of matched patient and PDX tumors and non-neoplastic lung tissues were profiled by whole exome sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and methylation arrays, and phosphotyrosine (pY)-proteome by mass spectrometry. The data were compared to published NSCLC datasets of NSCLC primary and cell lines. 127 stable PDXs were established from 441 lung carcinomas representing all major histological subtypes: 52 adenocarcinomas, 62 squamous cell carcinomas, one adeno-squamous carcinoma, five sarcomatoid carcinomas, five large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and two small cell lung cancers. Somatic mutations, gene copy number and expression profiles, and pY-proteome landscape of 36 PDXs showed greater similarity with patient tumors than with established cell lines. Novel somatic mutations on cancer associated genes were identified but only in PDXs, likely due to selective clonal growth in the PDXs that allows detection of these low allelic frequency mutations. The results provide the strongest evidence yet that PDXs established from lung cancers closely mimic the characteristics of patient primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, S1O 2HQ
| | - Nhu-An Pham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiefei Tong
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ghassan Allo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lucia Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vibha Raghavan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuhong Wei
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine To
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Quang M Trinh
- Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Dianne Chadwick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lei Li
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chang-Qi Zhu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ni Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ming Li
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sharon Lee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Dan Strumpf
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Taylor
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nadeem Moghal
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melania Pintilie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John D McPherson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lakshmi Muthuswamy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael F Moran
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Hall JC, Marlow LA, Mathias AC, Dawson LK, Durham WF, Meshaw KA, Mullin RJ, Synnott AJ, Small DL, Krishna M, von Hoff D, Schüler J, Hart SN, Couch FJ, Colon-Otero G, Copland JA. Novel patient-derived xenograft mouse model for pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma demonstrates single agent activity of oxaliplatin. J Transl Med 2016; 14:129. [PMID: 27165126 PMCID: PMC4862141 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC) is a rare malignancy, accounting for <1 % of all pancreatic neoplasms. Very few retrospective studies are available to help guide management. We previously reported the case of a patient with metastatic PACC who achieved prolonged survival following doxorubicin treatment. Personalized treatment was based on molecular and in vitro data collected from primary cells developed from their liver metastasis. We now report the characterization of a patient derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) mouse model that originated from this patient's PACC liver metastasis. METHODS Fragments of biopsy tissue (5 mm(3)) from PACC liver metastasis were implanted into athymic nude mice. Tumors were grown and passaged from the host mice into new mice to be tested for therapeutic response. Immuno-histochemical (IHC) biomarkers were used to confirm that the PDTX model represents human PACC. The antitumor activities of multiple drugs (5-FU, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, bevacizumab, erlotinib, doxorubicin and imatinib) were tested. Tumor size was measured over 74 days or until they reached an endpoint volume of ~800 mm(3). Tests to measure serum lipase levels and histological analyses of tumor tissues were also conducted to assess PACC progression and re-differentiation. RESULTS The model presented here expresses the same IHC markers found in human PACC. In the chemotherapy study, oxaliplatin produced a prolonged durable growth response associated with increased apoptosis, decreased serum lipase levels and increased healthy acinar cells. Bevacizumab also produced a significant growth response, but the effect was not prolonged as demonstrated by oxaliplatin treatment. The other chemotherapies had moderate to little effect, particularly after treatment ceased. Mutations in DNA repair genes are common in PACC and increase tumor susceptibility to oxaliplatin. To explore this we performed IHC and found no nuclear expression of BRCA2 in our model, indicating a mutation affecting nuclear localization. Gene sequencing confirms BRCA2 has a homozygous gene deletion on Exon 10, which frequently causes a protein truncation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we report the development and characterization of the first and only preclinical PACC PDTX model. Here we show sustained anti-tumor activity of single agent oxaliplatin, a compound that is more effective in tumors that harbor mutations in DNA repair genes. Our data shows that BRCA2 is mutated in our PACC model, which could contribute to the oxaliplatin sensitivity observed. Further studies on this rare PACC model can serve to elucidate other novel therapies, biomarkers, and molecular mechanisms of signaling and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Hall
- />Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Laura A. Marlow
- />Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Adam C. Mathias
- />Charles River Discovery Services, 3300 Gateway Centre Blvd., Morrisville, NC 27560 USA
| | - Louis K. Dawson
- />Charles River Discovery Services, 3300 Gateway Centre Blvd., Morrisville, NC 27560 USA
| | - William F. Durham
- />Charles River Discovery Services, 3300 Gateway Centre Blvd., Morrisville, NC 27560 USA
| | - Kenneth A. Meshaw
- />Charles River Discovery Services, 3300 Gateway Centre Blvd., Morrisville, NC 27560 USA
| | - Robert J. Mullin
- />Charles River Discovery Services, 3300 Gateway Centre Blvd., Morrisville, NC 27560 USA
| | - Aidan J. Synnott
- />Charles River Discovery Services, 3300 Gateway Centre Blvd., Morrisville, NC 27560 USA
| | - Daniel L. Small
- />Charles River Discovery Services, 3300 Gateway Centre Blvd., Morrisville, NC 27560 USA
| | - Murli Krishna
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S., Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Daniel von Hoff
- />The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Julia Schüler
- />Charles River Discovery Services, 3300 Gateway Centre Blvd., Morrisville, NC 27560 USA
| | - Steven N. Hart
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Gerardo Colon-Otero
- />Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S., Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - John A. Copland
- />Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
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8
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Momcilovic M, Shackelford DB. Targeting LKB1 in cancer - exposing and exploiting vulnerabilities. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:574-84. [PMID: 26196184 PMCID: PMC4647688 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The LKB1 tumour suppressor is a serine/threonine kinase that functions as master regulator of cell growth, metabolism, survival and polarity. LKB1 is frequently mutated in human cancers and research spanning the last two decades have begun decoding the cellular pathways deregulated following LKB1 inactivation. This work has led to the identification of vulnerabilities present in LKB1-deficient tumour cells. Pre-clinical studies have now identified therapeutic strategies targeting this subset of tumours that promise to benefit this large patient population harbouring LKB1 mutations. Here, we review the current efforts that are underway to translate pre-clinical discovery of therapeutic strategies targeting LKB1 mutant cancers into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Momcilovic
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - D B Shackelford
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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9
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Gandara DR, Lara PN, Mack PC. Patient-Derived Xenografts for Investigation of Acquired Resistance in Oncogene-Driven Cancers: Building a Better Mousetrap. J Clin Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26215942 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.61.9692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David R Gandara
- University of California, Davis, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Primo N Lara
- University of California, Davis, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Philip C Mack
- University of California, Davis, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA
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