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Xie J, Li C. Metastatic pattern and prognosis in patients with lung adenosquamous carcinoma: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-based population study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30641. [PMID: 38765098 PMCID: PMC11098840 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare tumor with high invasive and metastatic potential. Few studies have explored metastatic patterns in patients with advanced-stage ASC. Methods Patients diagnosed with ASC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2010 to 2015 were selected. Descriptive statistics were obtained to characterize the metastatic sites of the study participants. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to compare survival curves among patients with different metastatic patterns. Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for metastasis. Results A total of 858 eligible patients with ASC were enrolled; the mean age was 71.5 years (standard deviation ± 7.8 years). There was a slightly higher proportion of male patients (54.0 %). A total of 63.2 % of patients harbored single-site metastasis (median OS: 5 months), 23.6 % of patients had two-site metastasis (median OS: 4 months), and approximately 10 % of patients harbored three or more sites metastasis (median OS: 3 months). Bone (56.9 %) was the most frequent site of metastasis (median OS: 4 months), followed by lung metastasis (37.6 %, median OS: 5 months), liver metastasis (22.1 %, median OS: 5 months), and brain metastasis (21.4 %, median OS: 4 months). Chemotherapy decreased the risk of death by 70 % (HR = 0.296, 95 % CI 0.241-0.363), 70 % (HR = 0.302, 95 % CI 0.224-0.406), 78 % (HR = 0.218, 95 % CI 0.151-0.314), and 70 % (HR = 0.302, 95 % CI 0.231-0.396) in patients harboring bone, liver, brain and lung metastases, respectively. The brain increased the risk of death by 50 % (HR = 1.501, 95 % CI 1.209-1.865), 64 % (HR = 1.644, 95 % CI 1.126-2.402), and 128 % (HR = 2.284, 95 % CI 1.653-3.157) in patients harboring bone, liver and lung metastases, respectively. Conclusion Patients with advanced-stage ASC have unfavorable outcomes. Early detection and aggressive treatment can improve patients outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- Department of Respiration, First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road No.185, Changzhou, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Respiration, First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road No.185, Changzhou, China
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Wang C, Yuan X, Xue J. Targeted therapy for rare lung cancers: Status, challenges, and prospects. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1960-1978. [PMID: 37179456 PMCID: PMC10362419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes the most cancer-related deaths worldwide. In recent years, molecular and immunohistochemical techniques have rapidly developed, further inaugurating an era of personalized medicine for lung cancer. The rare subset of lung cancers accounts for approximately 10%, each displaying distinct clinical characteristics. Treatments for rare lung cancers are mainly based on evidence from common counterparts, which may lead to unsolid clinical benefits considering intertumoral heterogeneity. The increasing knowledge of molecular profiling of rare lung cancers has made targeting genetic alterations and immune checkpoints a powerful strategy. Additionally, cellular therapy has emerged as a promising way to target tumor cells. In this review, we first discuss the current status of targeted therapy and preclinical models for rare lung cancers, as well as provide mutational profiles by integrating the results of existing cohorts. Finally, we point out the challenges and future directions for developing targeted agents for rare lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsen Wang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Stephan-Falkenau S, Streubel A, Mairinger T, Blum TG, Kollmeier J, Mairinger FD, Bauer T, Pfannschmidt J, Hollmann M, Wessolly M. Integrated Clinical, Molecular and Immunological Characterization of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinomas Reveals an Immune Escape Mechanism That May Influence Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10558. [PMID: 37445733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) has highly aggressive biological behaviour and poor clinical outcomes, raising expectations for new therapeutic strategies. We characterized 179 PSC by immunohistochemistry, next-generation sequencing and in silico analysis using a deep learning algorithm with respect to clinical, immunological and molecular features. PSC was more common in men, older ages and smokers. Surgery was an independent factor (p < 0.01) of overall survival (OS). PD-L1 expression was detected in 82.1% of all patients. PSC patients displaying altered epitopes due to processing mutations showed another PD-L1-independent immune escape mechanism, which also significantly influenced OS (p < 0.02). The effect was also maintained when only advanced tumour stages were considered (p < 0.01). These patients also showed improved survival with a significant correlation for immunotherapy (p < 0.05) when few or no processing mutations were detected, although this should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of patients studied. Genomic alterations for which there are already approved drugs were present in 35.4% of patients. Met exon 14 skipping was found more frequently (13.7%) and EGFR mutations less frequently (1.7%) than in other NSCLC. In summary, in addition to the divergent genomic landscape of PSC, the specific immunological features of this prognostically poor subtype should be considered in therapy stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Stephan-Falkenau
- Institute for Tissue Diagnostics, MVZ at Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Streubel
- Institute for Tissue Diagnostics, MVZ at Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Mairinger
- Institute for Tissue Diagnostics, MVZ at Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten-Gerriet Blum
- Department of Pneumology, Heckeshorn Lung Clinic, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kollmeier
- Department of Pneumology, Heckeshorn Lung Clinic, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian D Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten Bauer
- Department of Pneumology, Heckeshorn Lung Clinic, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Pfannschmidt
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Heckeshorn Lung Clinic, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Hollmann
- Institute for Tissue Diagnostics, MVZ at Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wessolly
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Song L, Zhou F, Xu T, Zeng L, Xia Q, Wang Z, Deng L, Li Y, Qin H, Yan H, Huang Z, Mi J, Xu Q, Yang N, Zhou C, Zhang Y. Clinical activity of pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy in advanced pulmonary large-cell and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:443. [PMID: 37189075 PMCID: PMC10186661 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)-based combination strategies have improved the survival outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancers; however, data regarding their efficacy remains limited for uncommon histological types, including large-cell carcinoma (LCC) and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a total of 60 patients with advanced LCC and LCNEC - 37 treatment-naïve and 23 pre-treated - who received pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy. Treatment and survival outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 37 treatment-naïve patients who received first-line pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy, the 27 patients with LCC had an overall response rate (ORR) of 44.4% (12/27) and a disease control rate (DCR) of 88.9% (24/27); whereas 10 patients with LCNEC had an ORR of 70% (7/10) and DCR of 90% (9/10). The median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 7.0 months (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.2-11.8) and median overall survival (mOS) was 24.0 months (95%CI: 0.0-50.1) for first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy of LCC (n = 27), whereas mPFS was 5.5 months (95%CI: 2.3-8.7) and mOS was 13.0 months (95%CI: 11.0-15.0) for first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy of LCNEC (n = 10). Of the 23 pre-treated patients who received subsequent-line pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy, mPFS was 2.0 months (95% CI: 0.6-3.4) and mOS was 4.5 months (95% CI: 0.0-9.0) for LCC and mPFS was 3.8 months (95% CI: 0.0-7.6) and mOS was not reached for LCNEC. CONCLUSION Our study provides real-world clinical evidence of the anti-tumor activity of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in advanced LCC and LCNEC, indicating that this regimen could serve as a treatment option, particularly as first-line therapy, for improving the survival outcomes of patients with these rare histological subtypes of lung cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05023837(ESPORTA, 27/08/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxi Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yiyang Center Hospital, Yiyang, 413000, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Oncology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200002, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yizhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Haoyue Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Huan Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jinye Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongchang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Wang Q, Zhang L, Li H, Liu L, Sun X, Liu H. Clinical features and prognosis of pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma: A retrospective study in China and the SEER database. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1099117. [PMID: 37051525 PMCID: PMC10083384 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1099117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivePulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare subtype of pulmonary adenocarcinoma that lacks effective treatment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of PEAC, as well as the impact of relevant factors on survival, thus providing a reference for the clinical management of patients with this disease.MethodsFor this study, we gathered clinical data from 26 patients with PEAC in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2014 to June 2021. We used SEER*Stat software V8.3.5 to download the PEAC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. In total, 20 patients were identified. Clinical data, including general information, imaging findings, and treatment protocols, were obtained, together with a follow-up of disease regression. The relevant clinical data were then analyzed.ResultsIt included 12 males and 14 females out of 26 patients from China, whose mean age was (62.73 ± 11.89) years; 20 were in the lower lung, 11 were stage I-II, and 15 were stage III-IV. Five had EGFR mutations, and four had KRAS mutations. In terms of treatment, patients with stage I-II were primarily treated by surgery, and patients with stage III-IV were treated mostly by chemotherapy. We extended the follow-up date to January 2022. On completion of the follow-up visit, 11 patients died, and the remaining 15 patients survived. The overall survival (OS) of 26 patients was 2.0-76.0 months, while the mean was 53.1 months, and the median OS (mOS) was 38.0 months (95% CI:1.727-74.273). In the case of progression-free survival (PFS) times, it was 2.0-76.0 months, with a mean PFS of 31.0 months and a median PFS (mPFS) of 8.0 months (95% CI:4.333-11.667). The PFS of the 15 patients in stage III-IV was 2.0-17 months, while the mean PFS was 6.5 months and the mPFS was 6.0 months (95% CI:4.512-7.488). Out of the 20 patients identified in the SEER database, the average age was 69.9 years, with 14 males and 6 females. Of these patients, 8 were diagnosed with stage I-II, while the remaining 11 were diagnosed with stage III-IV. 10 underwent surgery, 4 received radiation therapy, and 9 received chemotherapy. The mean OS of the 20 patients was 67.5 months, mOS was 28.0 months (95% CI: 9.664- 46.336). For patients diagnosed with stage III-IV, the mean OS was 14.8 months and mOS was 20 months (95% CI: 4.713-35.287).ConclusionPEAC is rare, and the prognosis is determined mainly by the stage; patients who undergo surgery in stage I-II have a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xu Sun
- *Correspondence: Xu Sun, ; Huaimin Liu,
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Andrini E, Federico AD, Sisi M, Rosellini M, Palladini A, Lamberti G, Giglio AD, Gelsomino F. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung tumors with rare histologies and other thoracic malignancies. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:1329-1340. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has significantly changed the treatment of locally advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Conversely, the role of immunotherapy in NSCLC with uncommon histologies remains unclear, while in other rare thoracic malignancies, such as malignant pleural mesothelioma and thymic epithelial tumors, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is modifying therapeutic strategies with solid hopes for the future. However, larger prospective studies are urgently needed to define the best treatment strategies and the role of immunotherapy in these orphan tumors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging role of immunotherapy in the treatment of patients affected by these rare thoracic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Andrini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Federico
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monia Sisi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Pietro Albertoni, 15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Andrea De Giglio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Pietro Albertoni, 15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Pietro Albertoni, 15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
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Nakahama K, Kaneda H, Osawa M, Izumi M, Yoshimoto N, Sugimoto A, Nagamine H, Ogawa K, Matsumoto Y, Sawa K, Tani Y, Mitsuoka S, Watanabe T, Asai K, Kawaguchi T. Association of thyroid transcription factor-1 with the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2309-2317. [PMID: 35808895 PMCID: PMC9376174 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to identify the relationship between thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) expression of lung adenocarcinoma and the efficacy of immune‐checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Methods This retrospective multicenter study comprised patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with ICI monotherapy. We collected clinical medical records including data on TTF‐1 expression and analyzed the relationship between TTF‐1 expression and programmed death‐ligand 1 tumor proportion score (PD‐L1 TPS), objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results In total, 108 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed. The rate of TPS ≥1% and ≥50% in patients with positive TTF‐1 expression was significantly higher than that in patients with negative TTF‐1 expression (88% vs. 60%, p < 0.001; 65% vs. 24%, p < 0.001). The ORR was significantly higher in TTF‐1 positive patients than in TTF‐1‐negative patients (38% vs. 8%, p = 0.003). Among patients with TPS ≥50% and 1%–49%, the ORR in TTF‐1 positive and negative patients was 48% (26/54) versus 17% (1/6) (p = 0.21), and 32% (6/19) versus 11% (1/9) (p = 0.37), respectively. The ORR for patients with TPS <1% was 0% in both the TTF‐1 negative and positive cases. The median PFS and OS was significantly longer in TTF‐1‐positive patients than in TTF‐1‐negative patients (5.4 vs. 1.6 months, p < 0.001; 18.2 vs. 8.0 months, p = 0.041). Multivariate analysis revealed that TTF‐1‐negative status was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for PFS. Conclusion Patients with TTF‐1‐positive status receiving ICI monotherapy showed better outcomes than those with TTF‐1‐negative lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nakahama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kaneda
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Izumi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bell land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ishikiriseiki Hospital, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagamine
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ogawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Tani
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mitsuoka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Multimodality Treatment of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: A Review of Current State of Art. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8541157. [PMID: 35368903 PMCID: PMC8975648 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8541157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is an unconventional non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is currently managed under guidelines used for conventional NSCLC and has poor survival. Surgery is the optimal choice for resectable PSC, and the prevalence of mutations in this type of tumor laid the foundation for novel systemic therapies such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy. PSC is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and the effects of the 2 therapies are controversial. Targeted therapies have been reported to confer survival benefits, and savolitinib, an oral selective MET tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, has been approved in metastatic patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutations. Expression and positive rate of programmed death ligand 1 in PSC are high; our previous research has also revealed a high mutational burden and a T-cell-inflamed microenvironment of PSC. Correspondingly, immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown preliminary antitumor effects (overall response rates of 40.5% (15/37) and 31.6% (6/19) in two retrospective studies, respectively) in PSC patients. In summary, patients should receive operations at an early stage and multimodality treatments are needed to maximize the benefits of patients with advanced disease.
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