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Beelen NA, Molenbroeck SJJ, Groeneveld L, Voorter CE, Bos GMJ, Wieten L. HLA class I NK-epitopes and KIR diversities in patients with multiple myeloma. Immunogenetics 2024; 76:155-164. [PMID: 38478091 PMCID: PMC11087314 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-024-01336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy caused by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Myeloma cells are susceptible to killing by natural killer (NK) cells, but NK cells fail to control disease progression, suggesting immunosuppression. The activation threshold of NK-effector function is regulated by interaction between KIRs and self-HLA class I, during a process called "education" to ensure self-tolerance. NK cells can respond to diseased cells based on the absence of HLA class I expression ("Missing-self" hypothesis). The HLA and KIR repertoire is extremely diverse; thus, the present study aimed to characterize potential variances in genotypic composition of HLA Class I NK-epitopes and KIRs between MM patients and healthy controls. Genotypic expression of KIR and HLA (HLA-C group-C1/C2 and Bw4 motifs (including HLA-A*23, A*24, A*32) were analyzed in 172 MM patients and 195 healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, we did not observe specific KIR genes or genotypes, or HLA NK-epitopes with higher prevalence among MM patients. The presence of all three HLA NK-epitopes (C1+C2+Bw4+) was not associated with MM occurrence. However, MM patients were more likely to be C1-/C2+/Bw4+ (p = 0.049, OR 1.996). In line with this, there was a trend of increased genetic co-occurrence of Bw4 and KIR3DL1 in MM patients (p = 0.05, OR 1.557). Furthermore, MM patients were more likely to genetically express both C2/KIR2DL1 and Bw4/KIR3DL1 (p = 0.019, OR 2.453). Our results reveal an HLA NK-epitope combination that is associated with the occurrence of MM. No specific KIR genotypes were associated with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky A Beelen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan J J Molenbroeck
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Groeneveld
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christien E Voorter
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard M J Bos
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Akkus E, Tuncalı T, Akın HY, Aydın Y, Beşışık SK, Gürkan E, Ratip S, Salihoğlu A, Sargın D, Ünal A, Turcan A, Sevindik ÖG, Demir M, Beksac M. Germline genetic variants in Turkish familial multiple myeloma/monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance cases. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:931-938. [PMID: 38115798 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy primarily affecting the elderly, with a striking male predilection and ethnic disparities in incidence. Familial predisposition to MM has long been recognized, but the genetic underpinnings remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate germline variants in Turkish families with recurrent MM cases. A total of 37 MM-affected families, comprising 77 individuals, were included. Targeted next-generation sequencing analysis yielded no previously reported rare variants. Whole exome sequencing analysis in 11 families identified rare disease-causing variants in various genes, some previously linked to familial MM and others not previously associated. Notably, genes involved in ubiquitination, V(D)J recombination and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were among those identified. Furthermore, a specific variant in BNIP1 (rs28199) was found in 13 patients across nine families, indicating its potential significance in MM pathogenesis. While this study sheds light on genetic variations in familial MM in Turkey, its limitations include sample size and the absence of in vivo investigations. In conclusion, familial MM likely involves a polygenic inheritance pattern with rare, disease-causing variants in various genes, emphasizing the need for international collaborative efforts to unravel the intricate genetic basis of MM and develop targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Akkus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Timur Tuncalı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yalım Akın
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yıldız Aydın
- Department of Hematology, Florence Nightingale Hospitals, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kalayoğlu Beşışık
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Gürkan
- Department of Hematology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Siret Ratip
- Department of Hematology, Acibadem Healthcare Group, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Salihoğlu
- Department of Hematology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Sargın
- Department of Hematology, Medipol University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Ünal
- Department of Hematology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Ömür Gökmen Sevindik
- Department of Hematology, Medipol University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Demir
- Department of Hematology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Hematology, Ankara Liv Hospital, Istinye University, Ankara, Turkey
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