Diet quality indices and their relationship with dyslipidemia in adults: A cross-sectional study

Association of diet quality and nutrient intake with odds of dyslipidaemia in patients with cardiovascular diseases: a hospital based cross-sectional study in Bangladesh

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate diet quality and other associated factors with dyslipidaemia in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients in Bangladesh.

DESIGN

The study employed a cross-sectional design.

SETTING

Data from medical records, dietary intake and socioeconomic factors were collected from January to October 2022 at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Dhaka, and Noakhali Sadar Hospital.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 570 CVD patients, aged 25-80 years, with a confirmed diagnosis within the past 3 months, were included in the study.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The primary outcomes were the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and dyslipidaemia. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between dyslipidaemia and various sociodemographic, nutritional, and dietary factors in CVD patients.

RESULTS

Dyslipidaemia was identified in more than two-thirds (70.4%) of participants. The mean GDQS was 24.38, with 69.8% of the population maintaining a healthy diet. GDQS was significantly higher in the non-dyslipidaemic group (25.21±2.53) compared with the dyslipidaemic group (24.03±2.33). Nutrient intake was generally higher in non-dyslipidaemic patients. The odds of hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were notably higher for participants in the lowest GDQS tertile compared with the highest. Multivariable logistic regression identified sex, employment status, body mass index (BMI) and GDQS as significant predictors of dyslipidaemia. Males (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.18, 95% CI 2.32 to 7.54), homemakers (AOR=2.86) and obese individuals (AOR=1.0) were at increased odds of dyslipidaemia. Compared with the highest GDQS tertile, the odds of dyslipidaemia were nearly double in the middle tertile (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.11) and almost four times higher in the lowest tertile (AOR: 3.67, 95% CI 2.02 to 6.64).

CONCLUSIONS

A high-quality diet was associated with significantly lower odds of dyslipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and elevated LDL cholesterol. The study findings highlight the potential of targeted nutritional interventions with a multifaceted approach to managing dyslipidaemia, emphasising the need for personalised dietary guidelines that consider the individual's gender, occupation and BMI.

Estimating the prevalence of dyslipidemia by measuring fenofibrate in 33 cities in China

Dyslipidemia, recognized as a predominant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), remains a pressing health concern worldwide, particularly in China with nearly 40 % of the population adversely suffering. Fenofibrate, as one of the most commonly used drugs for dyslipidemia therapy, excreted as the format of fenofibrate-acid, which showed considerable stability in sewage samples and could be detected as WBE-biomarkers to monitor the prevalence of dyslipidemia. In this work, we reported the first research on estimating the prevalence of dyslipidemia by WBE approach. 527 sewage samples from 33 cities in China were extracted by solid phase and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The detected concentration of fenofibrate acid in sewage was on an average of 120.5 ± 59.9 ng/L, and the reverse-calculated consumption of fenofibrate based on fenofibrate acid was 77.8 ± 25.0 mg/day/1000inh. Detailed analysis unveiled an average prevalence of fenofibrate at 0.056 % ± 0.018 %, and the dyslipidemia prevalence among the population aged over 15 was ultimately estimated to be 37.9 % ± 9.3 % and was in accordance with the China Cardiovascular research result of 40.4 %, which proves that WBE is a substitutable approach of traditional epidemiological investigation methods due to its timeliness and cost-effectiveness. This study demonstrated that estimating dyslipidemia prevalence by WBE with metabolite fenofibrate acid as a biomarker is feasible in most Chinese cities.