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Kosmalski M, Frankowski R, Deska K, Różycka-Kosmalska M, Pietras T. Exploring the Impact of Nutrition on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Management: Unveiling the Roles of Various Foods, Food Components, and Compounds. Nutrients 2023; 15:2838. [PMID: 37447164 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to introduce standardized treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its global prevalence and the complications of this disease. Many studies have revealed that food-derived substances may be beneficial in dealing with this disease. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the recently published studies on the food-derived treatment options for NAFLD. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database using keywords such as "NAFLD", "nutrition", "food", "derived", "therapy", and "guidelines" yielded 219 relevant papers for our analysis, published from 2004 to 2023. The results show the significant benefits of food-derived treatment in NAFLD therapy, including improvements in liver histology, hepatic fat amounts, anthropometric measures, lipid profile, and other metabolic measures. The availability of the substances discussed makes them a significant adjuvant in the treatment of this disease. The usefulness of Viusid as additional therapy to diet and physical activity should be emphasized due to improvements in liver histology; however, many other substances lead to a decrease in liver fat amounts including, e.g., berberine or omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, the synbiotic Protexin seems to be useful in terms of NAFLD treatment, especially because it is effective in both obese and lean subjects. Based on the latest research results, we suggest revising the therapeutic recommendations for patients suffering from NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Frankowski
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kacper Deska
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
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Velasque MJSG, Branchini G, Catarina AV, Bettoni L, Fernandes RS, Da Silva AF, Dorneles GP, da Silva IM, Santos MA, Sumienski J, Peres A, Roehe AV, Kohek MBDF, Porawski M, Nunes FB. Fish Oil - Omega-3 Exerts Protective Effect in Oxidative Stress and Liver Dysfunctions Resulting from Experimental Sepsis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:64-74. [PMID: 36647406 PMCID: PMC9840085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a severe global health problem, with high morbidity and mortality. In sepsis, one of the main affected organs is the liver. Hepatic alterations characterize a negative prognostic. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω3), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, are part of the main families of polyunsaturated fatty acids. ω3 has been used in studies as sepsis treatment and as a treatment for non-alcoholic liver disease. Aim We aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with fish oil (FO) rich in ω3 on liver changes and damage resulting from experimental sepsis. Methodology A model of severe sepsis in Wistar rats was used. Oxidative stress in the liver tissue was evaluated by means of tests of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, 2,7-dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate , catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, in the serum TBARS, DCF, thiols and, to assess liver dysfunction, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Hepatic tissue damage was evaluated using H&E histology. Results In assessments of oxidative stress in liver tissue, a protective effect was observed in the tests of TBARS, DCF, CAT, and GPx, when compared the sepsis versus sepsis+ω3 groups. Regarding the oxidative stress in serum, a protective effect of treatment with ω3 was observed in the TBARS, DCF, and thiols assays, in the comparison between the sepsis and sepsis+ω3 groups. ω3 had also a beneficial effect on biochemical parameters in serum in the analysis of ALT, creatinine, urea, and lactate, observed in the comparison between the sepsis and sepsis+ω3 groups. Conclusion The results suggest ω3 as a liver protector during sepsis with an antioxidant effect, alleviating injuries and dysfunctions.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CAT, catalase
- DCF, 2,7-dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate
- DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
- EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid
- FO, fish oil
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GTO, oxaloacetic transaminase
- GTP, pyruvic transaminase
- HE, Hematoxylin and Eosin
- ICON, Intensive Care Over Nations
- ICU, intensive care unit
- IFN- γ, interferon gamma
- Liver injury
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TBARS, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- antioxidant
- inflammation
- omega-3
- oxidative stress
- sepsis
- ω3, omega-3
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Soares Gonçalves Velasque
- Graduate Program in Pathology – Laboratory of Computational, Molecular, and Cellular Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Gisele Branchini
- Graduate Program in Pathology – Laboratory of Computational, Molecular, and Cellular Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Anderson V. Catarina
- Graduate Program in Pathology – Laboratory of Computational, Molecular, and Cellular Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Lais Bettoni
- Graduate Program in Pathology – Laboratory of Computational, Molecular, and Cellular Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Renata S. Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences – Laboratory of Translational Physiology – Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | | | - Gilson P. Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology – Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Igor Martins da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology – Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Maeli A. Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology – Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Juliana Sumienski
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology – Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Adriana V. Roehe
- Graduate Program in Pathology – Laboratory of Pathology – Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Maria B. da Fonte Kohek
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology – Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Metabolic Physiology – Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Fernanda B. Nunes
- Graduate Program in Pathology – Laboratory of Computational, Molecular, and Cellular Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cellular Biophysics - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
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Fu Y, Zhou Y, Shen L, Li X, Zhang H, Cui Y, Zhang K, Li W, Chen WD, Zhao S, Li Y, Ye W. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973366. [PMID: 36408234 PMCID: PMC9666875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is approximately 25%. With the global increase in obesity and its associated metabolic syndromes, NAFLD has become an important cause of chronic liver disease in many countries. Despite recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutics, there are still challenges in its treatment. In this review, we briefly describe diagnostic methods, therapeutic targets, and drugs related to NAFLD. In particular, we focus on evaluating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, lipotoxicity, cell death, inflammation, and fibrosis as potential therapeutic targets for NAFLD. We also summarized the clinical research progress in terms of drug development and combination therapy, thereby providing references for NAFLD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Linhu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yeqi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei-dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhen Zhao, ; Yunfu Li, ; Wenling Ye,
| | - Yunfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhen Zhao, ; Yunfu Li, ; Wenling Ye,
| | - Wenling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhen Zhao, ; Yunfu Li, ; Wenling Ye,
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Evidence that complement and coagulation proteins are mediating the clinical response to omega-3 fatty acids: A mass spectrometry-based investigation in subjects at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:454. [PMID: 36307392 PMCID: PMC9616837 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Preliminary evidence indicates beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in early psychosis. The present study investigates the molecular mechanism of omega-3 PUFA-associated therapeutic effects in clinical high-risk (CHR) participants. Plasma samples of 126 CHR psychosis participants at baseline and 6-months follow-up were included. Plasma protein levels were quantified using mass spectrometry and erythrocyte omega-3 PUFA levels were quantified using gas chromatography. We examined the relationship between change in polyunsaturated PUFAs (between baseline and 6-month follow-up) and follow-up plasma proteins. Using mediation analysis, we investigated whether plasma proteins mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and clinical outcomes. A 6-months change in omega-3 PUFAs was associated with 24 plasma proteins at follow-up. Pathway analysis revealed the complement and coagulation pathway as the main biological pathway to be associated with change in omega-3 PUFAs. Moreover, complement and coagulation pathway proteins significantly mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and clinical outcome at follow-up. The inflammatory protein complement C5 and protein S100A9 negatively mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and positive symptom severity, while C5 positively mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 and functional outcome. The relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and cognition was positively mediated through coagulation factor V and complement protein C1QB. Our findings provide evidence for a longitudinal association of omega-3 PUFAs with complement and coagulation protein changes in the blood. Further, the results suggest that an increase in omega-3 PUFAs decreases symptom severity and improves cognition in the CHR state through modulating effects of complement and coagulation proteins.
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Qian L, Tian S, Jiang S, Tang Y, Han T. DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine from Clupea harengus roes regulates the gut–liver axis to ameliorate high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Funct 2022; 13:11555-11567. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine from Clupea harengus roes could likely be used as a functional food supplement for the prevention of high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via the gut–liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Su Jiang
- ECA Healthcare Inc, Shanghai 201101, China
| | - Yunping Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
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Moszak M, Szulińska M, Walczak-Gałęzewska M, Bogdański P. Nutritional Approach Targeting Gut Microbiota in NAFLD-To Date. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1616. [PMID: 33567710 PMCID: PMC7916007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant clinical and epidemiological problem that affects around 25% of the adult global population. A large body of clinical evidence highlights that NAFLD is associated with increased liver-related morbidity and mortality and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, extrahepatic cancers, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Recently, a series of studies revealed the pivotal role of gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis in NAFLD's pathogenesis. The GM plays an essential role in different metabolic pathways, including the fermentation of diet polysaccharides, energy harvest, choline regulation, and bile acid metabolism. One of the most critical factors in GM stabilization is the diet; therefore, nutritional therapyappearsto be a promising tool in NAFLD therapy. This paper aims to review the current knowledge regardingthe nutritional approach and its implications with GM and NAFLD treatment. We discuss the positive impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in a reverse dysbiosis state in NAFLD and show the potential beneficial effects of bioactive substances from the diet. The full description of the mechanism of action and comprehensive examination of the impact of nutritional interventions on GM modulation may, in the future, be a simple but essential tool supporting NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Moszak
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Monika Szulińska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Marta Walczak-Gałęzewska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Disorders, and Hypertension, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (P.B.)
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Increased plasma CD14 levels 1 year postpartum in women with pre-eclampsia during pregnancy: a case-control plasma proteomics study. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:2. [PMID: 32066653 PMCID: PMC7026086 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that pre-eclampsia (PE) is associated with an increased risk of post-delivery metabolic dysregulation. The aim of the present case-control observational study was to examine the global plasma proteomic profile 1 year postpartum in women who developed PE during pregnancy (n = 5) compared to controls (n = 5), in order to identify a novel predictive marker linking PE with long-term metabolic imbalance. Key findings were verified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a separate cohort (n = 17 women with PE and n = 43 controls). One hundred and seventy-two proteins were differentially expressed in the PE vs. control groups. Gene ontology analysis showed that Inflammatory|Immune responses, Blood coagulation and Metabolism were significantly enriched terms. CD14, mapping to the inflammatory response protein network, was selected for verification based on bibliographic evidence. ELISA measurements showed CD14 to be significantly increased 1 year postpartum in women with PE during pregnancy compared to controls [PE group (median ± SD): 296.5 ± 113.6; control group (median ± SD): 128.9 ± 98.5; Mann-Whitney U test p = 0.0078]. Overall, the identified proteins could provide insight into the long-term disease risk among women with PE during pregnancy and highlight the need for their postpartum monitoring. CD14 could be examined in larger cohorts as a predictive marker of insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus among women with PE.
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