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Yüksel B, Ustaoğlu F, Aydın H, Tokatlı C, Topaldemir H, Islam MS, Muhammad S. Appraisal of metallic accumulation in the surface sediment of a fish breeding dam in Türkiye: A stochastical approach to ecotoxicological risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116488. [PMID: 38759467 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the levels and patterns of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in surface sediment of Almus Dam Lake (ADL), a key fish breeding site in Türkiye. PTE concentrations in sediment were ranked: Hg (0.05 ± 0.01) < Cd (0.16 ± 0.01) < Pb (9.34 ± 1.42) < As (18.75 ± 15.65) < Cu (63.30 ± 15.17) < Ni (72.64 ± 20.54) < Zn (86.66 ± 11.95) < Cr (108.35 ± 36.40) < Mn (1008 ± 151) < Fe (53,998 ± 6468), with no significant seasonal or spatial differences. Ecological risk indices (mHQ, EF, Igeo, CF, PLI, Eri, mCd, NPI, PERI, MPI, and TRI) showed low contamination levels. Health risk assessments, including LCR, HQ, and THI, indicated minimal risks to humans from sediment PTEs. Statistical analyses (PCA, HCA, SCC) identified natural, transportation, and anthropogenic PTE sources, with slight impacts from agriculture and fish farming. This research underlines contamination status of ADL and emphasizes the need for targeted management strategies, offering critical insights for environmental safeguarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Yüksel
- Giresun University, Department of Property Protection and Security, Espiye, 28600 Giresun, Türkiye.
| | - Fikret Ustaoğlu
- Giresun University, Department of Biology, Gure Campus, 28200 Giresun, Türkiye.
| | - Handan Aydın
- Giresun University, Department of Biology, Gure Campus, 28200 Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Cem Tokatlı
- Trakya University, İpsala Vocational School, Department of Laboratory Technology, Evrenos Gazi Campus, Edirne, Türkiye
| | - Halim Topaldemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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2
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Peng Y, Zhong Z, Huang C, Wang W. The effects of popular diets on bone health in the past decade: a narrative review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1287140. [PMID: 38665424 PMCID: PMC11044027 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1287140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health encompasses not only bone mineral density but also bone architecture and mechanical properties that can impact bone strength. While specific dietary interventions have been proposed to treat various diseases such as obesity and diabetes, their effects on bone health remain unclear. The aim of this review is to examine literature published in the past decade, summarize the effects of currently popular diets on bone health, elucidate underlying mechanisms, and provide solutions to neutralize the side effects. The diets discussed in this review include a ketogenic diet (KD), a Mediterranean diet (MD), caloric restriction (CR), a high-protein diet (HP), and intermittent fasting (IF). Although detrimental effects on bone health have been noticed in the KD and CR diets, it is still controversial, while the MD and HP diets have shown protective effects, and the effects of IF diets are still uncertain. The mechanism of these effects and the attenuation methods have gained attention and have been discussed in recent years: the KD diet interrupts energy balance and calcium metabolism, which reduces bone quality. Ginsenoside-Rb2, metformin, and simvastatin have been shown to attenuate bone loss during KD. The CR diet influences energy imbalance, glucocorticoid levels, and adipose tissue, causing bone loss. Adequate vitamin D and calcium supplementation and exercise training can attenuate these effects. The olive oil in the MD may be an effective component that protects bone health. HP diets also have components that protect bone health, but their mechanism requires further investigation. In IF, animal studies have shown detrimental effects on bone health, while human studies have not. Therefore, the effects of diets on bone health vary accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Peng
- China Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zikang Zhong
- China Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Li Z, Huang L, Luo Y, Yu B, Tian G. Effects and possible mechanisms of intermittent fasting on health and disease: a narrative review. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1626-1635. [PMID: 36940184 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between energy intake and expenditure in an environment of continuous food availability can lead to metabolic disturbances in the body and increase the risk of obesity and a range of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Intermittent fasting (IF) is one of the most popular nonpharmacological interventions to combat obesity and chronic noncommunicable diseases. The 3 most widely studied IF regimens are alternate-day fasting, time-restricted feeding, and the 5:2 diet. In rodents, IF helps optimize energy metabolism, prevent obesity, promote brain health, improve immune and reproductive function, and delay aging. In humans, IF's benefits are relevant for the aging global population and for increasing human life expectancy. However, the optimal model of IF remains unclear. In this review, the possible mechanisms of IF are summarized and its possible drawbacks are discussed on the basis of the results of existing research, which provide a new idea for nonpharmaceutical dietary intervention of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Liansu Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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4
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Kang J, Shi X, Fu J, Li H, Ma E, Chen W. Effects of an Intermittent Fasting 5:2 Plus Program on Body Weight in Chinese Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224734. [PMID: 36432420 PMCID: PMC9698935 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To retrospectively review the efficacy of intermittent fasting 5:2 plus program (30% of energy requirements on fast days and 70% of energy requirements on nonfasting days) in Chinese patients with overweight or obesity. This retrospective cohort study evaluated weight loss outcomes of patients treated with 12 weeks weight loss program in clinic. Adults with overweight or obesity participated in intermittent fasting 5:2 plus, daily calorie restriction (70% of energy requirements every day) or daily calorie restriction with meal replacement (70% of energy requirements every day, partly provided with high-protein meal replacement) programs for 12 weeks. The primary objective was to compare the weight loss of three groups. The primary outcome measure was the change in the % total weight loss. A total of 131 patients (35.3 ± 10.1 years; 81.7% female) were included, and the mean weight loss was 7.8 ± 4.4% after 12 weeks. The intermittent fasting 5:2 plus group (n = 42) achieved 9.0 ± 5.3% weight loss, compared with 5.7 ± 3.7% in the daily calorie restriction group (n = 41) (p < 0.001) and 8.6 ± 3.5% in the meal replacement group (n = 48) (p = 0.650). A total of 85.7% of patients in the intermittent fasting 5:2 plus group lost more than 5% body weight, vs. 58.5% in the daily calorie restriction group (p = 0.008), and 45.2% lost more than 10% body weight, vs. 14.6% in the daily calorie restriction group (p = 0.005). No serious adverse events were reported in the three groups. The intermittent fasting 5:2 plus program more effectively led to weight loss than daily calorie restriction in the short-term in Chinese patients with overweight or obesity. A longer-term prospective randomized controlled trial is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junren Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-15810395852; Fax: +86-10-69154095
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5
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Montégut L, de Cabo R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Science-Driven Nutritional Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2258-2279. [PMID: 35997502 PMCID: PMC10749912 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In population studies, dietary patterns clearly influence the development, progression, and therapeutic response of cancers. Nonetheless, interventional dietary trials have had relatively little impact on the prevention and treatment of malignant disease. Standardization of nutritional interventions combined with high-level mode-of-action studies holds the promise of identifying specific entities and pathways endowed with antineoplastic properties. Here, we critically review the effects of caloric restriction and more specific interventions on macro- and micronutrients in preclinical models as well as in clinical studies. We place special emphasis on the prospect of using defined nutrition-relevant molecules to enhance the efficacy of established anticancer treatments. SIGNIFICANCE The avoidance of intrinsically hypercaloric and toxic diets contributes to the prevention and cure of cancer. In addition, specific diet-induced molecules such as ketone bodies and micronutrients, including specific vitamins, have drug-like effects that are clearly demonstrable in preclinical models, mostly in the context of immunotherapies. Multiple trials are underway to determine the clinical utility of such molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Montégut
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Inserm U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, ClinicObiome, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) BIOTHERIS, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Inserm U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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6
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Silfvergren O, Simonsson C, Ekstedt M, Lundberg P, Gennemark P, Cedersund G. Digital twin predicting diet response before and after long-term fasting. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010469. [PMID: 36094958 PMCID: PMC9499255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, there is great interest in diets proposing new combinations of macronutrient compositions and fasting schedules. Unfortunately, there is little consensus regarding the impact of these different diets, since available studies measure different sets of variables in different populations, thus only providing partial, non-connected insights. We lack an approach for integrating all such partial insights into a useful and interconnected big picture. Herein, we present such an integrating tool. The tool uses a novel mathematical model that describes mechanisms regulating diet response and fasting metabolic fluxes, both for organ-organ crosstalk, and inside the liver. The tool can mechanistically explain and integrate data from several clinical studies, and correctly predict new independent data, including data from a new study. Using this model, we can predict non-measured variables, e.g. hepatic glycogen and gluconeogenesis, in response to fasting and different diets. Furthermore, we exemplify how such metabolic responses can be successfully adapted to a specific individual’s sex, weight, height, as well as to the individual’s historical data on metabolite dynamics. This tool enables an offline digital twin technology. Fasting and diet are central components of prevention against cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, there is little consensus regarding which diet schemes are optimal. This is partially because different clinical studies contribute with different non-connected pieces of knowledge, which have not been fully integrated into a useful and interconnected big picture. In principle, mathematical models describing meal responses could be used for such an integration. However, today’s models still lack critical mechanisms, such as protein metabolism and a dynamic glycogen regulation. Herein, we present a) a new expanded model structure including these mechanisms; b) a set of parameters which can simultaneously describe a wide array of complementary estimation data, in both healthy and diabetic populations; c) a personalisation-script, which allows these generic parameters to be tuned to an individual/sub-population, using demographics (age, weight, height, diabetes status) and historic metabolic data. We exemplify how this personalisation can be used to predict new independent data, including a new clinical study, where a qualitatively new prediction is validated: that an oral protein tolerance test gives a clear response in plasma glucose, after, but not before, a 48h fasting period. Our combined model, parameters, and fitting script lay the foundation for an offline digital twin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Silfvergren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IMT, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christian Simonsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IMT, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualisation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ekstedt
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualisation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Lundberg
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualisation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Gennemark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IMT, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Cedersund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IMT, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualisation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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7
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Kord Varkaneh H, Salehi Sahlabadi A, Găman MA, Rajabnia M, Sedanur Macit-Çelebi M, Santos HO, Hekmatdoost A. Effects of the 5:2 intermittent fasting diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:948655. [PMID: 35958257 PMCID: PMC9360602 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Dietary regimens are crucial in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effects of intermittent fasting (IF) have gained attention in this regard, but further research is warranted. Thus, we aimed to ascertain the overall effects of the 5:2 IF diet (5 days a week of normal food intake and 2 consecutive fasting days) in patients with NAFLD compared to a control group (usual diet). Methods and results A 12-week randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate the effects of the 5:2 IF diet on anthropometric indices, body composition, liver indices, serum lipids, glucose metabolism, and inflammatory markers in patients with NAFLD. The IF group (n = 21) decreased body weight (86.65 ± 12.57–82.94 ± 11.60 kg), body mass index (30.42 ± 2.27–29.13 ± 1.95 kg/m2), waist circumference (103.52 ± 6.42–100.52 ± 5.64 cm), fat mass (26.64 ± 5.43–23.85 ± 5.85 kg), fibrosis (6.97 ± 1.94–5.58 ± 1.07 kPa), steatosis scores/CAP (313.09 ± 25.45–289.95 ± 22.36 dB/m), alanine aminotransferase (41.42 ± 20.98–28.38 ± 15.21 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (34.19 ± 10.88–25.95 ± 7.26 U/L), triglycerides (171.23 ± 39.88–128.04 ± 34.88 mg/dl), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (2.95 ± 0.62 −2.40 ± 0.64 mg/L), and cytokeratin-18 (1.32 ± 0.06–1.19 ± 0.05 ng/ml) values compared to the baseline and the end of the control group (n = 23)—p ≤ 0.05 were considered as significant. However, the intervention did not change the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR, and total antioxidant capacity. Conclusion Adhering to the 5:2 IF diet can reduce weight loss and related parameters (fat mass and anthropometric indicators of obesity), as well as hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes, triglycerides, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kord Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar Salehi Sahlabadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mohsen Rajabnia
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Isaac-Lam MF, DeMichael KM. Calorie restriction and breast cancer treatment: a mini-review. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1095-1109. [PMID: 35760911 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR), referred to as a reduction in dietary calorie intake without malnutrition, has been demonstrated to be a safe way to extend longevity of yeast, worms, and laboratory animals, and to decrease the risk factors in age-related diseases including cancer in humans. Pre-clinical studies in animal models demonstrated that CR may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy during breast cancer treatment. Reduced calorie intake ameliorates risk factors and delays the onset of cancer by altering metabolism and fostering health-enhancing characteristics including increased autophagy and insulin sensitivity, and decreased blood glucose levels, inflammation, angiogenesis, and growth factor signaling. CR is not a common protocol implemented by medical practitioners to the general public due to the lack of substantial clinical studies. Future research and clinical trials are urgently needed to understand fully the biochemical basis of CR or CR mimetics to support its benefits. Here, we present a mini-review of research studies integrating CR as an adjuvant to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy during breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meden F Isaac-Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Northwest, Westville, IN, 46391, USA.
| | - Kelly M DeMichael
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Northwest, Westville, IN, 46391, USA
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9
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Santos HO, Genario R, Tinsley GM, Ribeiro P, Carteri RB, Coelho-Ravagnani CDF, Mota JF. A scoping review of intermittent fasting, chronobiology, and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:991-1004. [PMID: 34978321 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronobiology plays a crucial role in modulating many physiologic systems in which there is nutritional synergism with meal timing. Given that intermittent fasting (IF) has grown as a flexible dietary method consisting of delayed or early eating windows, this scoping review addresses the effects of IF protocols on metabolism as they relate to clinical nutrition and the circadian system. Although nocturnal habits are associated with circadian misalignments and impaired cardiometabolic profile-and nutritional physiology is better orchestrated during the day-most findings are based on animal experiments or human studies with observational designs or acute meal tests. Well-controlled randomized clinical trials employing IF protocols of delayed or early eating windows have sometimes demonstrated clinical benefits, such as improved glycemic and lipid profiles, as well as weight loss. However, IF does not appear to be more effective than traditional diets at the group level, and its effects largely depend on energy restriction. Thus, efforts must be made to identify patient biological rhythms, preferences, routines, and medical conditions before individual dietary prescription in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Genario
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Poliana Ribeiro
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Randhall B Carteri
- Methodist University Center-Porto Alegre Institute, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - João F Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition, Goiás Federal University, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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10
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Hofer SJ, Carmona‐Gutierrez D, Mueller MI, Madeo F. The ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14418. [PMID: 34779138 PMCID: PMC8749464 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated diseases are rising to pandemic proportions, exposing the need for efficient and low-cost methods to tackle these maladies at symptomatic, behavioral, metabolic, and physiological levels. While nutrition and health are closely intertwined, our limited understanding of how diet precisely influences disease often precludes the medical use of specific dietary interventions. Caloric restriction (CR) has approached clinical application as a powerful, yet simple, dietary modulation that extends both life- and healthspan in model organisms and ameliorates various diseases. However, due to psychological and social-behavioral limitations, CR may be challenging to implement into real life. Thus, CR-mimicking interventions have been developed, including intermittent fasting, time-restricted eating, and macronutrient modulation. Nonetheless, possible side effects of CR and alternatives thereof must be carefully considered. We summarize key concepts and differences in these dietary interventions in humans, discuss their molecular effects, and shed light on advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioHealth GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Melanie I Mueller
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioHealth GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
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11
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Zhang C, Li H, Yan Y, Zhang X, Tu Z. 5:2 intermittent fasting tapers food intake in the refeeding state and ameliorates metabolic disturbances in mice exposed to olanzapine. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:926251. [PMID: 35958660 PMCID: PMC9358252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.926251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable number of patients suffer from adverse metabolic reactions caused by atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), however, current management strategies are disappointing to clinicians. Preclinical studies have consistently demonstrated that intermittent fasting (IF) has robust disease-modifying efficacy in animal models in a wide range of pathological conditions, especially obesity and diabetes. However, it is unclear what role IF can play in addressing AAPs-induced metabolic disturbances. In our study, we found that a 5:2 IF regimen significantly ameliorated the metabolic disturbances induced by olanzapine (a drug representative of AAPs) in animal models. Meanwhile, our research suggests that IF altering food intake during the refeeding phase may account for the metabolic benefit. This study provides supporting evidence regarding a potentially cost-effective intervention strategy for AAPs-induced metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfang Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chinese-German Institute of Mental Health, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chinese-German Institute of Mental Health, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilan Tu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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12
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Lewgood J, Oliveira B, Korzepa M, Forbes SC, Little JP, Breen L, Bailie R, Candow DG. Efficacy of Dietary and Supplementation Interventions for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:2378. [PMID: 34371888 PMCID: PMC8308746 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing, which creates a large economic burden. Diet is a critical factor in the treatment and management of T2D; however, there are a large number of dietary approaches and a general lack of consensus regarding the efficacy of each. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is twofold: (1) to critically evaluate the effects of various dietary strategies on diabetes management and treatment, such as Mediterranean diet, plant-based diet, low-calorie and very low-calorie diets, intermittent fasting, low-carbohydrate and very low-carbohydrate diets, and low glycemic diets and (2) to examine several purported supplements, such as protein, branched-chain amino acids, creatine, and vitamin D to improve glucose control and body composition. This review can serve as a resource for those wanting to evaluate the evidence supporting the various dietary strategies and supplements that may help manage T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lewgood
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2, Canada; (J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Barbara Oliveira
- Okanagan Campus, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada; (B.O.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Marie Korzepa
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A6A9, Canada;
| | - Jonathan P. Little
- Okanagan Campus, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada; (B.O.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Robert Bailie
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2, Canada; (J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Darren G. Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2, Canada; (J.L.); (R.B.)
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Yew Ding W, Kozhuharov N, Hao Chin S, Shaw M, Snowdon R, Lip GYH, Gupta D. Feasibility of weight loss in obese atrial fibrillation patients attending a specialist arrhythmia clinic and its impact on ablation outcomes. J Arrhythm 2020; 36:984-990. [PMID: 33335614 PMCID: PMC7733577 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The feasibility of significant weight reduction in a specialist arrhythmia service, and its impact on atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation outcomes are unclear. We aimed to assess these factors in a real-world cohort in the United Kingdom. METHODS Patients from one specialized arrhythmia clinic were instructed to follow the "Intermittent Fasting 5:2 diet" ("diet group", n = 50), and their outcomes were compared to a propensity matched cohort who received no specific dietary advice ("control group", n = 42). The primary outcome was recurrence of AF or atrial tachycardia (AT) at 12 months postablation, with or without drugs. RESULTS Body weight and body mass index (BMI) at baseline were 105.0 (±15.3) kgs and 36.0 (±4.0), respectively. Baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable. Patients in diet group experienced a mean weight loss of 8.2 (±7.1) kgs prior to AF ablation (P < .01 for comparison to baseline and control group). About 14 (28%) patients in the diet group lost >10% of their body weight. Overall, 11 (22%) patients in the diet group and five (12%) in the control group had AF recurrence at 1 year, P = .21. AF recurrence was similar in patients with BMI ≥ 35 (15%) as compared to BMI < 35 (19%), P = .60. There was one procedural complication (pulmonary edema) in the diet group. CONCLUSION It is feasible to achieve significant weight reduction in obese AF patients in a specialist arrhythmia clinic setting with unsupervised dietary advice. Low rates of procedural complications and excellent medium-term success rates were observed in this traditionally challenging population. Additional improvements in outcomes were not demonstrable in patients who exhibited significant weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wern Yew Ding
- Liverpool Heart and Chest HospitalLiverpool Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Nikola Kozhuharov
- Liverpool Heart and Chest HospitalLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB)Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Shui Hao Chin
- Liverpool Heart and Chest HospitalLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Shaw
- Liverpool Heart and Chest HospitalLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Liverpool Heart and Chest HospitalLiverpool Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolUnited Kingdom
- Aalborg Thrombosis Research UnitDepartment of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Dhiraj Gupta
- Liverpool Heart and Chest HospitalLiverpool Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolUnited Kingdom
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Time-Restricted Eating Alters Food Intake Patterns, as Prospectively Documented by a Smartphone Application. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113396. [PMID: 33167321 PMCID: PMC7694329 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) can facilitate weight loss, yet its effect on eating patterns remains unknown. Twenty adults with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 underwent a 12-week randomized trial, examining the effect of an 8-h, time-restricted eating intervention on dietary patterns. Oral intake was documented using a smartphone. Dietary patterns, assessed as frequency of eating occasions (EOs) and types of meals/snacks and beverages, were compared between baseline (T0), early-intervention (T1), and end-intervention (T2). At T1 and T2, both groups had less EOs compared to T0, with greater reduction seen in the TRE group (−28%) than the non-TRE group (−12%) at T2 (p = 0.01 vs. non-TRE). Comparing T1 to T0, the TRE group documented less incomplete meals (−32.5%: p = 0.02), high quality snacks (−23.6%: p = 0.03), and low quality snacks (−36.6%: p = 0.004). Comparing T2 to T0, the TRE group documented less incomplete meals (−33.9%: p = 0.03), high quality snacks (−28.1%: p < 0.001) and low quality snacks (−51.2%: p < 0.001). Caffeinated beverage intake was reduced in the TRE group at T1 (−20.2%) and T2 (−28.8%) vs. T0, but remained unaltered in the non-TRE group. By using a smartphone application to document dietary intake, TRE significantly reduced the number of EOs, snacks, and caffeinated beverages, relative to baseline and relative to the non-TRE.
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