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Han J, Chen Y, Xu X, Li Q, Xiang X, Shen J, Ma X. Development of Recombinant High-Density Lipoprotein Platform with Innate Adipose Tissue-Targeting Abilities for Regional Fat Reduction. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13635-13651. [PMID: 38753978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
As an escalating public health issue, obesity and overweight conditions are predispositions to various diseases and are exacerbated by concurrent chronic inflammation. Nonetheless, extant antiobesity pharmaceuticals (quercetin, capsaicin, catecholamine, etc.) manifest constrained efficacy alongside systemic toxic effects. Effective therapeutic approaches that selectively target adipose tissue, thereby enhancing local energy expenditure, surmounting the limitations of prevailing antiobesity modalities are highly expected. In this context, we developed a temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) to achieve targeted delivery of resveratrol, an adipose browning activator, to adipose tissue. rHDL exhibits self-regulation on fat cell metabolism and demonstrates natural targeting toward scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), which is highly expressed by fat cells, thereby achieving a synergistic effect for the treatment of obesity. Additionally, the dispersion of rHDL@Res in temperature-sensitive hydrogels, coupled with the regulation of their degradation and drug release rate, facilitated sustainable drug release at local adipose tissues over an extended period. Following 24 days' treatment regimen, obese mice exhibited improved metabolic status, resulting in a reduction of 68.2% of their inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT). Specifically, rHDL@Res/gel facilitated the conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids (PA, PC), expediting fat mobilization, mitigating triglyceride accumulation, and therefore facilitating adipose tissue reduction. Furthermore, rHDL@Res/gel demonstrated efficacy in attenuating obesity-induced inflammation and fostering angiogenesis in ingWAT. Collectively, this engineered local fat reduction platform demonstrated heightened effectiveness and safety through simultaneously targeting adipocytes, promoting WAT browning, regulating lipid metabolism, and controlling inflammation, showing promise for adipose-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Han
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yingxian Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qingmeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, P. R. China
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Zheng Y, Li H, Bao Q, Tu Y, Ye Y, Jia W, Cao D. Brown Adipose Tissue Promotes Autologous Fat Grafts Retention Possibly Through Inhibiting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:1817-1824. [PMID: 38409345 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-03888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plastic surgery, autologous fat grafts (AFG) play an important role because of their abundant supply, biocompatibility, and low rejection rate. However, the lower retention rate of fat grafts limits their widespread use. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can promote angiogenesis and regulate the level of associated inflammation. This study explored whether BAT has a facilitative effect on fat graft retention. METHODS We obtained white adipose tissue (WAT) from c57 mice and combined it with either BAT from c57 mice or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control. These mixtures were injected subcutaneously into the back of thymus-free nude mice. After 12 weeks, fat grafts were harvested, weighed, and analyzed. RESULTS We found that the BAT-grafted group had higher mass retention, more mature adipocytes, and higher vascularity than the other group. Further analysis revealed that BAT inhibited M1 macrophages; down-regulated IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-β; upregulated M2 macrophages and Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA); and promoted adipocyte regeneration by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which together promoted adipose graft retention. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that BAT improved adipose graft retention by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting tissue inflammation levels and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Bao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yiqian Tu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yujie Ye
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjun Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Dongsheng Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Sun X. The molecular mechanism of macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk in maintaining energy homeostasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378202. [PMID: 38650945 PMCID: PMC11033412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes in adipose tissue are critical for the regulation of energy metabolism and obesity. Macrophage polarization induced by cold or other stimulations can drive metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes, browning, and thermogenesis. Accordingly, investigating the roles of macrophages and adipocytes in the maintenance of energy homeostasis is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches specifically targeting macrophages in metabolic disorders such as obesity. Current review outlines macrophage polarization not only regulates the release of central nervous system and inflammatory factors, but controls mitochondrial function, and other factor that induce metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes and maintain energy homeostasis. We also emphasized on how the adipocytes conversely motivate the polarization of macrophage. Exploring the interactions between adipocytes and macrophages may provide new therapeutic strategies for the management of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Mallardo M, Daniele A, Musumeci G, Nigro E. A Narrative Review on Adipose Tissue and Overtraining: Shedding Light on the Interplay among Adipokines, Exercise and Overtraining. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4089. [PMID: 38612899 PMCID: PMC11012884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, particularly physical inactivity, are closely linked to the onset of numerous metabolic diseases. Adipose tissue (AT) has been extensively studied for various metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and immune system dysregulation due to its role in energy metabolism and regulation of inflammation. Physical activity is increasingly recognized as a powerful non-pharmacological tool for the treatment of various disorders, as it helps to improve metabolic, immune, and inflammatory functions. However, chronic excessive training has been associated with increased inflammatory markers and oxidative stress, so much so that excessive training overload, combined with inadequate recovery, can lead to the development of overtraining syndrome (OTS). OTS negatively impacts an athlete's performance capabilities and significantly affects both physical health and mental well-being. However, diagnosing OTS remains challenging as the contributing factors, signs/symptoms, and underlying maladaptive mechanisms are individualized, sport-specific, and unclear. Therefore, identifying potential biomarkers that could assist in preventing and/or diagnosing OTS is an important objective. In this review, we focus on the possibility that the endocrine functions of AT may have significant implications in the etiopathogenesis of OTS. During physical exercise, AT responds dynamically, undergoing remodeling of endocrine functions that influence the production of adipokines involved in regulating major energy and inflammatory processes. In this scenario, we will discuss exercise about its effects on AT activity and metabolism and its relevance to the prevention and/or development of OTS. Furthermore, we will highlight adipokines as potential markers for diagnosing OTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mallardo
- Department of Molecular and Biotechnological Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE-Biotechnologies Advances S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Department of Molecular and Biotechnological Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE-Biotechnologies Advances S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotechnologies Advances S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Biological, Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Zhao JY, Zhou LJ, Ma KL, Hao R, Li M. MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13691. [PMID: 38186200 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). WAT is a highly heterogeneous, plastic, and dynamically secreting endocrine and immune organ. WAT remodeling plays a crucial role in metabolic health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, and distribution. In individuals with MHO, WAT remodeling is beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition and insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti-inflammatory microenvironment, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, appropriate vascularization, enhanced WAT browning, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those with MUO, WAT remodeling leads to ectopic fat deposition and IR, causing metabolic dysregulation. This process involves adipocyte hypertrophy, disrupted vascularization, heightened pro-inflammatory microenvironment, enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening, and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VWAT) deposition. The review underscores the pivotal importance of intervening in WAT remodeling to hinder the transition from MHO to MUO. This insight is valuable for tailoring personalized and effective management strategies for patients with obesity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Juan Zhou
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Le Ma
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Negroiu CE, Tudorașcu I, Bezna CM, Godeanu S, Diaconu M, Danoiu R, Danoiu S. Beyond the Cold: Activating Brown Adipose Tissue as an Approach to Combat Obesity. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1973. [PMID: 38610736 PMCID: PMC11012454 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With a dramatic increase in the number of obese and overweight people, there is a great need for new anti-obesity therapies. With the discovery of the functionality of brown adipose tissue in adults and the observation of beige fat cells among white fat cells, scientists are looking for substances and methods to increase the activity of these cells. We aimed to describe how scientists have concluded that brown adipose tissue is also present and active in adults, to describe where in the human body these deposits of brown adipose tissue are, to summarize the origin of both brown fat cells and beige fat cells, and, last but not least, to list some of the substances and methods classified as BAT promotion agents with their benefits and side effects. We summarized these findings based on the original literature and reviews in the field, emphasizing the discovery, function, and origins of brown adipose tissue, BAT promotion agents, and batokines. Only studies written in English and with a satisfying rating were identified from electronic searches of PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Elena Negroiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Iulia Tudorașcu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Cristina Maria Bezna
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Sanziana Godeanu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Marina Diaconu
- Department of Radiology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Raluca Danoiu
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
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7
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Iida T, Ueda Y, Tsukada H, Fukumoto D, Hamaoka T. Brown adipose tissue evaluation using water and triglyceride as indices by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300183. [PMID: 37885352 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is related to lipid and glucose metabolism, and BAT evaluation is expected to contribute to disease prevention and treatment. We aimed to establish a BAT evaluation method using simple and non-invasive diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). We acquired diffuse reflectance spectra of BAT using DRS from rats with cold stimulation and analyzed the second-derivative spectra. To predict the amount of triglyceride in BAT from the second-derivative spectra, partial least-squares regression analysis was performed, and we examined whether BAT weight can be predicted from the amount of triglyceride by single regression analysis. By focusing on changes in the amount of triglyceride in BAT with cold stimulation, it was suggested that this amount could be predicted spectroscopically, and the predicted amount of triglyceride could be used to estimate the BAT weight with cold stimulation. If these results can be translated into humans, they may contribute to preventing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Iida
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukio Ueda
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Dai Fukumoto
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Keipert S, Jastroch M, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. Brown adipose tissue-derived metabolites and their role in regulating metabolism. Metabolism 2024; 150:155709. [PMID: 37866810 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and rejuvenation of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans have offered a new approach to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Beyond its accomplished role in adaptive thermogenesis, BAT secretes signaling molecules known as "batokines", which are instrumental in regulating whole-body metabolism via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine action. In addition to the intrinsic BAT metabolite-oxidizing activity, the endocrine functions of these molecules may help to explain the association between BAT activity and a healthy systemic metabolic profile. Herein, we review the evidence that underscores the significance of BAT-derived metabolites, especially highlighting their role in controlling physiological and metabolic processes involving thermogenesis, substrate metabolism, and other essential biological processes. The conversation extends to their capacity to enhance energy expenditure and mitigate features of obesity and its related metabolic complications. Thus, metabolites derived from BAT may provide new avenues for the discovery of metabolic health-promoting drugs with far-reaching impacts. This review aims to dissect the complexities of the secretory role of BAT in modulating local and systemic metabolism in metabolic health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Sihle E Mabhida
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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He L, Li H, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhang G, Tong X, Zhang T, Wu Y, Li M, Jin L. Transcriptome analysis of norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in differentiated adipocytes of Bama pig. Gene 2023; 888:147753. [PMID: 37659599 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) plays a key role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Sympathetic activation promotes release of norepinephrine (NE), which binds to adrenergic receptors on adipocytes, promoting adipocyte lipolysis and enhanced oxidative metabolism. However, the mechanism by which sympathetic nerves regulate lipid metabolism in pig adipose tissue remains unclear. We used NE to simulate the process of sympathetic driving in pig adipocytes. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to determine the gene expression profile of pig adipocytes responding to NE stimulation. Our data suggests that the lipolytic signaling pathway is activated in pig adipocytes upon acute stimulation of NE, resulting in enhanced lipid metabolism and lipolysis, consistent with the phenomena found in humans and mice. Specifically, differentially expressed protein coding genes (PCGs) (SIRT4, SLC27A1) are mainly associated with functions that inhibit fatty acid oxidation and promote lipid synthesis. Similarly, we investigated the changes in regulatory transcripts such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and transcripts of uncertain coding potential (TUCP) in response to NE and found that differentially expressed lncRNAs (lncG47338, lncG30660, lncG29516, lncG3790) and TUCP (TUCP_G38001) were co-expressed with target genes related to the promotion of fatty acid β-oxidation, lipolysis and oxidative metabolism, thus acting as regulators. These results indicate a broad suite of gene expression alterations in response to NE stimulation and promote the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which NE regulates lipid metabolism in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hong Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linzhen Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaman Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xingyan Tong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Long Jin
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Pérez-Gutiérrez L, Ferrara N. Biology and therapeutic targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:816-834. [PMID: 37491579 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, called angiogenesis, is an essential pathophysiological process in which several families of regulators have been implicated. Among these, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA; also known as VEGF) and its two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, represent a key signalling pathway mediating physiological angiogenesis and are also major therapeutic targets. VEGFA is a member of the gene family that includes VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD and placental growth factor (PLGF). Three decades after its initial isolation and cloning, VEGFA is arguably the most extensively investigated signalling system in angiogenesis. Although many mediators of angiogenesis have been identified, including members of the FGF family, angiopoietins, TGFβ and sphingosine 1-phosphate, all current FDA-approved anti-angiogenic drugs target the VEGF pathway. Anti-VEGF agents are widely used in oncology and, in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, are now the standard of care in multiple malignancies. Anti-VEGF drugs have also revolutionized the treatment of neovascular eye disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and ischaemic retinal disorders. In this Review, we emphasize the molecular, structural and cellular basis of VEGFA action as well as recent findings illustrating unexpected interactions with other pathways and provocative reports on the role of VEGFA in regenerative medicine. We also discuss clinical and translational aspects of VEGFA. Given the crucial role that VEGFA plays in regulating angiogenesis in health and disease, this molecule is largely the focus of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Gao H, Li Y, Jin Y, Zhang L, Xia X, Liu J, Wang H, Xie Y, Ding W. Electroacupuncture activates angiogenesis by regulating the PI3K/Pten/Thbs1 signaling pathway to promote the browning of adipose tissue in HFD-induced obese mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115386. [PMID: 37651803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) via angiogenesis and its potential mechanism in obese mice. Four-week-old male C56BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a high-fat diet (HFD) and a normal chow diet (ND) group. After 12 weeks, HFD mice were randomly divided into two groups to receive or not receive EA for 3 weeks. After EA treatment, body weight, adipocyte size, serum glucose (GLU), triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol (CHO), leptin (Lep), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), WAT browning-related genes, angiogenesis-related genes, and the PI3K/Pten/Thbs1 signaling pathway were evaluated. The results indicated that EA significantly reduced body weight, adipocyte size, and serum concentrations of GLU, TG, CHO, Lep and MCP-1 and promoted WAT browning. Angiogenesis and the PI3K/Pten/Thbs1 signaling pathway were all activated by EA intervention. The expression levels were consistent with the results of RNA-seq and confirmed via qRTPCR and WB. Our study showed that EA may activate angiogenesis via the PI3K/Pten/Thbs1 signaling pathway in WAT, thereby promoting the browning and thermogenesis of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Yue Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiuwen Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jinkun Liu
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Huaifu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ya Xie
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Jinniu Hospital, Chengdu 610007, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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12
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Aboouf MA, Gorr TA, Hamdy NM, Gassmann M, Thiersch M. Myoglobin in Brown Adipose Tissue: A Multifaceted Player in Thermogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:2240. [PMID: 37759463 PMCID: PMC10526770 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in energy homeostasis by generating heat from chemical energy via uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation. Besides its high mitochondrial content and its exclusive expression of the uncoupling protein 1, another key feature of BAT is the high expression of myoglobin (MB), a heme-containing protein that typically binds oxygen, thereby facilitating the diffusion of the gas from cell membranes to mitochondria of muscle cells. In addition, MB also modulates nitric oxide (NO•) pools and can bind C16 and C18 fatty acids, which indicates a role in lipid metabolism. Recent studies in humans and mice implicated MB present in BAT in the regulation of lipid droplet morphology and fatty acid shuttling and composition, as well as mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. These functions suggest that MB plays an essential role in BAT energy metabolism and thermogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail the possible physiological roles played by MB in BAT thermogenesis along with the potential underlying molecular mechanisms and focus on the question of how BAT-MB expression is regulated and, in turn, how this globin regulates mitochondrial, lipid, and NO• metabolism. Finally, we present potential MB-mediated approaches to augment energy metabolism, which ultimately could help tackle different metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A. Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Thomas A. Gorr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Pestel J, Blangero F, Watson J, Pirola L, Eljaafari A. Adipokines in obesity and metabolic-related-diseases. Biochimie 2023; 212:48-59. [PMID: 37068579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of leptin in the 1990s led to a reconsideration of adipose tissue (AT) as not only a fatty acid storage organ, but also a proper endocrine tissue. AT is indeed capable of secreting bioactive molecules called adipokines for white AT or batokines for brown/beige AT, which allow communication with numerous organs, especially brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and/or the vascular system. Adipokines exert pro or anti-inflammatory activities. An equilibrated balance between these two sets ensures homeostasis of numerous tissues and organs. During the development of obesity, AT remodelling leads to an alteration of its endocrine activity, with increased secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines relative to the anti-inflammatory ones, as shown in the graphical abstract. Pro-inflammatory adipokines take part in the initiation of local and systemic inflammation during obesity and contribute to comorbidities associated to obesity, as detailed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pestel
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Ferdinand Blangero
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Julia Watson
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Assia Eljaafari
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon: 2 quai des Célestins, 69001 Lyon, France.
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14
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Nie T, Lu J, Zhang H, Mao L. Latest advances in the regulatory genes of adipocyte thermogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1250487. [PMID: 37680891 PMCID: PMC10482227 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An energy imbalance cause obesity: more energy intake or less energy expenditure, or both. Obesity could be the origin of many metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. UCP1 (uncoupling protein1), which is highly and exclusively expressed in the thermogenic adipocytes, including beige and brown adipocytes, can dissipate proton motive force into heat without producing ATP to increase energy expenditure. It is an attractive strategy to combat obesity and its related metabolic disorders by increasing non-shivering adipocyte thermogenesis. Adipocyte thermogenesis has recently been reported to be regulated by several new genes. This work provided novel and potential targets to activate adipocyte thermogenesis and resist obesity, such as secreted proteins ADISSP and EMC10, enzyme SSU72, etc. In this review, we have summarized the latest research on adipocyte thermogenesis regulation to shed more light on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Nie
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jinli Lu
- Scientific Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Medical Iconography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liufeng Mao
- Scientific Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Dai Z, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Li S, Suonan Z, Sun Y, Ji J, Shen Q, Zheng H, Xue Y. Targeted delivery of nutraceuticals derived from food for the treatment of obesity and its related complications. Food Chem 2023; 418:135980. [PMID: 36989644 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals which are abundant in foods have attracted much attention due to their bioactive activities of anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemia and anti-atherosclerosis. Unfortunately, the poor bioavailability severely undermines their envisioned benefits. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop suitable delivery systems to promote the benefits of their biological activity. Targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) is a novel drug delivery system that can selectively concentrate drugs on targets in the body, improve the bioavailability of agents and reduce side effects. This emerging drug delivery system provides a new strategy for the treatment of obesity with nutraceuticals and would be a promising alternative to be widely used in the food field. This review summarizes the recent studies on the application in the targeted delivery of nutraceuticals for treating obesity and its related complications, especially the available receptors and their corresponding ligands for TDDS and the evaluation methods of the targeting ability.
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16
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Zhong Y, Wang Y, Li X, Qin H, Yan S, Rao C, Fan D, Liu D, Deng F, Miao Y, Yang L, Huang K. PRMT4 Facilitates White Adipose Tissue Browning and Thermogenesis by Methylating PPARγ. Diabetes 2023; 72:1095-1111. [PMID: 37216643 PMCID: PMC10382653 DOI: 10.2337/db22-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health threat, and the induction of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning presents a promising therapeutic method for it. Recent publications revealed the essential role of protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, but its involvement in WAT browning has not been investigated. Our initial studies found that the expression of PRMT4 in adipocytes was upregulated in cold-induced WAT browning but downregulated in obesity. Besides, PRMT4 overexpression in inguinal adipose tissue accelerated WAT browning and thermogenesis to protect against high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic disruptions. Mechanistically, our work demonstrated that PRMT4 methylated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) on Arg240 to enhance its interaction with the coactivator PR domain-containing protein 16 (PRDM16), leading to the increased expression of thermogenic genes. Taken together, our results uncover the essential role of the PRMT4/PPARγ/PRDM16 axis in the pathogenesis of WAT browning. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) expression was upregulated during cold exposure and negatively correlated with body mass of mice and humans. PRMT4 overexpression in inguinal white adipose tissue of mice improved high-fat diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic impairment due to enhanced heat production. PRMT4 methylated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ on Arg240 and facilitated the binding of the coactivator PR domain-containing protein 16 to initiate adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. PRMT4-dependent methylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ on Arg240 is important in the process of inguinal white adipose tissue browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojie Qin
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caijun Rao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Fan
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Duqiu Liu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Liyuan Cardiovascular Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yanli Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan, China
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17
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Liu J, Wei L, Chen T, Wang H, Luo J, Chen X, Jiang Q, Xi Q, Sun J, Zhang L, Zhang Y. MiR-143 Targets SYK to Regulate NEFA Uptake and Contribute to Thermogenesis in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad114. [PMID: 37486737 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Excessive energy intake is the main cause of obesity, and stimulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) thermogenesis has emerged as an attractive tool for antiobesity. Although miR-143 has been reported to be associated with BAT thermogenesis, its role remains unclear. Here, we found that miR-143 had highest expression in adipose tissue, especially in BAT. During short-term cold exposure or CL316,243 was injected, miR-143 was markedly downregulated in BAT and subcutaneous WAT (scWAT). Moreover, knockout (KO) of miR-143 increases the body temperature of mice upon cold exposure, which may be due to the increased thermogenesis of BAT and scWAT. More importantly, supplementation of miR-143 in BAT of KO mice can inhibit the increase in body temperature in KO mice. Mechanistically, spleen tyrosine kinase was revealed for the first time as a new target of miR-143, and deletion of miR-143 facilitates fatty acid uptake in BAT. In addition, we found that brown adipocytes can promote fat mobilization of white adipocytes, and miR-143 may participate in this process. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that inactivation of adenylate cyclase 9 (AC9) in BAT inhibits thermogenesis through AC9-PKA-AMPK-CREB-UCP1 signaling pathway. Overall, our results reveal a novel function of miR-143 on thermogenesis, and a new functional link of the BAT and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experi-mental Animal Research Center), Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experi-mental Animal Research Center), Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Xingping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
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18
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Shamsi F, Zheng R, Ho LL, Chen K, Tseng YH. Comprehensive analysis of intercellular communication in the thermogenic adipose niche. Commun Biol 2023; 6:761. [PMID: 37479789 PMCID: PMC10361964 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for regulating body temperature through adaptive thermogenesis. The ability of thermogenic adipocytes to dissipate chemical energy as heat counteracts weight gain and has gained considerable attention as a strategy against obesity. BAT undergoes major remodeling in a cold environment. This remodeling results from changes in the number and function of brown adipocytes, expanding the network of blood vessels and sympathetic nerves, and changes in the composition and function of immune cells. Such synergistic adaptation requires extensive crosstalk between individual cells in the tissue to coordinate their responses. To understand the mechanisms of intercellular communication in BAT, we apply the CellChat algorithm to single-cell transcriptomic data of mouse BAT. We construct an integrative network of the ligand-receptor interactome in BAT and identify the major signaling inputs and outputs of each cell type. By comparing the ligand-receptor interactions in BAT of mice housed at different environmental temperatures, we show that cold exposure enhances the intercellular interactions among the major cell types in BAT, including adipocytes, adipocyte progenitors, lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells, myelinated and non-myelinated Schwann cells, and immune cells. These interactions are predicted to regulate the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, the inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and neurite growth. Together, our integrative analysis of intercellular communications in BAT and their dynamic regulation in response to housing temperatures provides a new understanding of the mechanisms underlying BAT thermogenesis. The resources presented in this study offer a valuable platform for future investigations of BAT development and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Shamsi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Rongbin Zheng
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Li-Lun Ho
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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19
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Souza-Tavares H, Miranda CS, Vasques-Monteiro IML, Sandoval C, Santana-Oliveira DA, Silva-Veiga FM, Fernandes-da-Silva A, Souza-Mello V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as targets to treat metabolic diseases: Focus on the adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4136-4155. [PMID: 37475842 PMCID: PMC10354577 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i26.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is experiencing reflections of the intersection of two pandemics: Obesity and coronavirus disease 2019. The prevalence of obesity has tripled since 1975 worldwide, representing substantial public health costs due to its comorbidities. The adipose tissue is the initial site of obesity impairments. During excessive energy intake, it undergoes hyperplasia and hypertrophy until overt inflammation and insulin resistance turn adipocytes into dysfunctional cells that send lipotoxic signals to other organs. The pancreas is one of the organs most affected by obesity. Once lipotoxicity becomes chronic, there is an increase in insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells, a surrogate for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These alterations threaten the survival of the pancreatic islets, which tend to become dysfunctional, reaching exhaustion in the long term. As for the liver, lipotoxicity favors lipogenesis and impairs beta-oxidation, resulting in hepatic steatosis. This silent disease affects around 30% of the worldwide population and can evolve into end-stage liver disease. Although therapy for hepatic steatosis remains to be defined, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activation copes with T2DM management. Peroxisome PPARs are transcription factors found at the intersection of several metabolic pathways, leading to insulin resistance relief, improved thermogenesis, and expressive hepatic steatosis mitigation by increasing mitochondrial beta-oxidation. This review aimed to update the potential of PPAR agonists as targets to treat metabolic diseases, focusing on adipose tissue plasticity and hepatic and pancreatic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno 5310431, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Department of Anatomy, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil
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20
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Wang B, Du M. Increasing adipocyte number and reducing adipocyte size: the role of retinoids in adipose tissue development and metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37427553 PMCID: PMC10776826 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity is a grave public health threat. In response to excessive energy intake, adipocyte hypertrophy impairs cellular function and leads to metabolic dysfunctions while de novo adipogenesis leads to healthy adipose tissue expansion. Through burning fatty acids and glucose, the thermogenic activity of brown/beige adipocytes can effectively reduce the size of adipocytes. Recent studies show that retinoids, especially retinoic acid (RA), promote adipose vascular development which in turn increases the number of adipose progenitors surrounding the vascular vessels. RA also promotes preadipocyte commitment. In addition, RA promotes white adipocyte browning and stimulates the thermogenic activity of brown/beige adipocytes. Thus, vitamin A is a promising anti-obesity micronutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Min Du
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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21
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Neri D, Ramos-Lobo AM, Lee S, Lafond A, Zeltser LM. Rearing mice at 22°C programs increased capacity to respond to chronic exposure to cold but not high fat diet. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101740. [PMID: 37211277 PMCID: PMC10248272 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rodent models raised at environmental temperatures of 21-22 °C are increasingly switched to thermoneutral housing conditions in adulthood to better capture human physiology. We quantified the developmental effects of rearing mice at an ambient temperature of 22 °C vs. 30 °C on metabolic responses to cold and high fat diet (HFD) in adulthood. METHODS Mice were reared from birth to 8 weeks of age at 22 °C or 30 °C, when they were acclimated to single housing at the same temperature for 2-3 weeks in indirect calorimetry cages. Energy expenditure attributable to basal metabolic rate, physical activity, thermic effect of food, and adaptive cold- or diet-induced thermogenesis was calculated. Responses to cooling were evaluated by decreasing the ambient temperature from 22 °C to 14 °C, while responses to HFD feeding were assessed at 30 °C. Influences of rearing temperature on thermogenic responses that emerge over hours, days and weeks were assessed by maintaining mice in the indirect calorimetry cages throughout the study. RESULTS At an ambient temperature of 22 °C, total energy expenditure (TEE) was 12-16% higher in mice reared at 22 °C as compared to 30 °C. Rearing temperature had no effect on responses in the first hours or week of the 14 °C challenge. Differences emerged in the third week, when TEE increased an additional 10% in mice reared at 22 °C, but mice reared at 30 °C could not sustain this level of cold-induced thermogenesis. Rearing temperature only affected responses to HFD during the first week, due to differences in the timing but not the strength of metabolic adaptations. CONCLUSION Rearing at 22 °C does not have a lasting effect on metabolic adaptations to HFD at thermoneutrality, but it programs an enhanced capacity to respond to chronic cold challenges in adulthood. These findings highlight the need to consider rearing temperature when using mice to model cold-induced thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Neri
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Angela M Ramos-Lobo
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Seoeun Lee
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexandre Lafond
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lori M Zeltser
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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22
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Castellá M, Blasco-Roset A, Peyrou M, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Villarroya J, Quesada-López T, Lorente-Poch L, Sancho J, Szymczak F, Piron A, Rodríguez-Fernández S, Carobbio S, Goday A, Domingo P, Vidal-Puig A, Giralt M, Eizirik DL, Villarroya F, Cereijo R. Adipose tissue plasticity in pheochromocytoma patients suggests a role of the splicing machinery in human adipose browning. iScience 2023; 26:106847. [PMID: 37250773 PMCID: PMC10209542 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue from pheochromocytoma patients acquires brown fat features, making it a valuable model for studying the mechanisms that control thermogenic adipose plasticity in humans. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a massive downregulation of splicing machinery components and splicing regulatory factors in browned adipose tissue from patients, with upregulation of a few genes encoding RNA-binding proteins potentially involved in splicing regulation. These changes were also observed in cell culture models of human brown adipocyte differentiation, confirming a potential involvement of splicing in the cell-autonomous control of adipose browning. The coordinated changes in splicing are associated with a profound modification in the expression levels of splicing-driven transcript isoforms for genes involved in the specialized metabolism of brown adipocytes and those encoding master transcriptional regulators of adipose browning. Splicing control appears to be a relevant component of the coordinated gene expression changes that allow human adipose tissue to acquire a brown phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Castellá
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Blasco-Roset
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Quesada-López
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan Sancho
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florian Szymczak
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anthony Piron
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Fernández
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge 289, UK
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Bases Moleculares de Patologías Humanas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pere Domingo
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge 289, UK
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Décio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Wang S, Liu Y, Chen J, He Y, Ma W, Liu X, Sun X. Effects of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1198984. [PMID: 37383400 PMCID: PMC10293893 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1198984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, adipocytes were found to play an important role in regulating whole-body nutrition and energy balance, and are also important in energy metabolism, hormone secretion, and immune regulation. Different adipocytes have different contributions to the body, with white adipocytes primarily storing energy and brown adipocytes producing heat. Recently discovered beige adipocytes, which have characteristics in between white and brown adipocytes, also have the potential to produce heat. Adipocytes interact with other cells in the microenvironment to promote blood vessel growth and immune and neural network interactions. Adipose tissue plays an important role in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Dysfunction in adipose tissue endocrine and immune regulation can cause and promote the occurrence and development of related diseases. Adipose tissue can also secrete multiple cytokines, which can interact with organs; however, previous studies have not comprehensively summarized the interaction between adipose tissue and other organs. This article reviews the effect of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue, including interactions between the central nervous system, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and intestines, as well as the mechanisms of adipose tissue in the development of various diseases and its role in disease treatment. It emphasizes the importance of a deeper understanding of these mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of related diseases. Determining these mechanisms has enormous potential for identifying new targets for treating diabetes, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuejing He
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Wanrui Ma
- Department of General Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuerong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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24
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Cao Y, Langer R, Ferrara N. Targeting angiogenesis in oncology, ophthalmology and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:476-495. [PMID: 37041221 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process in normal development and in adult physiology, but can be disrupted in numerous diseases. The concept of targeting angiogenesis for treating diseases was proposed more than 50 years ago, and the first two drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab and pegaptanib, were approved in 2004 for the treatment of cancer and neovascular ophthalmic diseases, respectively. Since then, nearly 20 years of clinical experience with anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs) have demonstrated the importance of this therapeutic modality for these disorders. However, there is a need to improve clinical outcomes by enhancing therapeutic efficacy, overcoming drug resistance, defining surrogate markers, combining with other drugs and developing the next generation of therapeutics. In this Review, we examine emerging new targets, the development of new drugs and challenging issues such as the mode of action of AADs and elucidating mechanisms underlying clinical benefits; we also discuss possible future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Robert Langer
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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25
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Smad4-mediated angiogenesis facilitates the beiging of white adipose tissue in mice. iScience 2023; 26:106272. [PMID: 36915676 PMCID: PMC10005906 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are thermogenic with high expression of uncoupling protein 1 in the white adipose tissue (WAT), accompanied by angiogenesis. Previous studies showed that Smad4 is important for angiogenesis. Here we studied whether endothelial Smad4-mediated angiogenesis is involved in WAT beiging. Inducible knockout of endothelial cell (EC) selective Smad4 (Smad4 iEC-KO) was achieved by using the Smad4 Floxp/floxp and Tie2 CreERT2 mice. Beige fat induction achieved by cold or adrenergic agonist, and angiogenesis were attenuated in WAT of Smad4 iEC-KO mice, with the less proliferation of ECs and adipogenic precursors. RNA sequencing of human ECs showed that Smad4 is involved in angiogenesis-related pathways. Knockdown of SMAD4 attenuated the upregulation of VEGFA, PDGFA, and angiogenesis in vitro. Treatment of human ECs with palmitic acid-induced Smad1/5 phosphorylation and the upregulation of core endothelial genes. Our study shows that endothelial Smad4 is involved in WAT beiging through angiogenesis and the expansion of adipose precursors into beige adipocytes.
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26
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Merlo E, Zimerman J, Dos Santos FCF, Zanol JF, da Costa CS, Carneiro PH, Miranda-Alves L, Warner GR, Graceli JB. Subacute and low dose of tributyltin exposure leads to brown adipose abnormalities in male rats. Toxicol Lett 2023; 376:26-38. [PMID: 36638932 PMCID: PMC9928871 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is an obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) linked with several metabolic complications. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the principal site for thermogenesis, making it a potential target for obesity management and metabolic disease. However, few studies have evaluated TBT effect on BAT function. In this investigation, we assessed whether subacute (15 days) and low dose of TBT exposure (100 ng/kg/day) results in abnormal BAT morphophysiology in adult male rats. Body temperature, BAT morphology, inflammation, oxidative stress, collagen deposition and BAT metabolic gene expression markers were assessed in room temperature (Room, ∼24 ºC) and after cold tolerance test (Cold, ∼4 ºC) conditions. A reduction in body temperature was observed in both Room and Cold conditions in TBT rats, suggesting abnormal BAT thermogenic function. Changes in BAT morphology were observed in TBT rats, with an increase in BAT lipid accumulation, an increase in BAT unilocular adipocyte number and a decrease in BAT multilocular adipocyte number in Room condition. All these parameters were opposite in Cold condition TBT rats, leading to a borderline increase in BAT UCP1 protein expression. An increase in BAT mast cell number was observed in TBT rats in Room condition. An increase in ED1 protein expression (macrophage marker) was observed in TBT rats in Cold condition. Oxidative stress and collagen deposition increased in both Room and Cold conditions in TBT rats. TBT exposure caused a borderline increase in BAT COL1A1 protein expression in Cold condition. Further, strong negative correlations were observed between body temperature and BAT lipid accumulation, and BAT lipid accumulation and multilocular adipocyte number. Thus, these data suggest that TBT exposure impaired BAT morphophysiology through impacts on lipid accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jeanini Zimerman
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Jordana F Zanol
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Charles S da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Carneiro
- Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Governador, Cidade Universitária, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Governador, Cidade Universitária, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Genoa R Warner
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
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27
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Vliora M, Ravelli C, Grillo E, Corsini M, Flouris AD, Mitola S. The impact of adipokines on vascular networks in adipose tissue. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:61-72. [PMID: 35953434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly active and plastic endocrine organ. It secretes numerous soluble molecules known as adipokines, which act locally to AT control the remodel and homeostasis or exert pleiotropic functions in different peripheral organs. Aberrant production or loss of certain adipokines contributes to AT dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity. The AT plasticity is strictly related to tissue vascularization. Angiogenesis supports the AT expansion, while regression of blood vessels is associated with AT hypoxia, which in turn mediates tissue inflammation, fibrosis and metabolic dysfunction. Several adipokines can regulate endothelial cell functions and are endowed with either pro- or anti-angiogenic properties. Here we address the role of adipokines in the regulation of angiogenesis. A better understanding of the link between adipokines and angiogenesis will open the way for novel therapeutic approaches to treat obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vliora
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy.
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28
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Dang J, Yu Z, Wang T, Jiao Y, Wang K, Dou W, Yi C, Song B. Effects of Melatonin on Fat Graft Retention Through Browning of Adipose Tissue and Alternative Macrophage Polarization. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023:10.1007/s00266-022-03242-6. [PMID: 36633654 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a widely used drug that can affect adipocyte inflammation, resulting in adipose tissue browning. Inducing the browning of white fat and changing the inflammatory microenvironment of early transplanted fat have positive effects on the retention rate of fat grafts. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on fat graft retention, determine whether it is related to adipose tissue browning and the inflammatory microenvironment, and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A C57BL/6 mice fat transplantation model was established. The mice were divided into a control group (ethanol), a high-dose group (40 mg/kg/day melatonin), a medium-dose group (20 mg/kg/day melatonin), and a low-dose group (10 mg/kg/day melatonin). They were also given oral gavage treatment for 2 weeks. The grafted fat was collected 2, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment. RESULTS The medium-dose and high-dose melatonin groups had significantly higher fat graft retention rates than the control group at 12 weeks. The medium-dose melatonin group had smaller multilocular adipocytes, which enhanced the expression of uncoupling protein 1 and increased neovascularization in the grafted fat. The medium-dose group also had a higher distribution of M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that melatonin administration can improve the retention of fat grafts through polarization of macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory type and induction of adipose tissue browning. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanli Dang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenggang Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Baoqiang Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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29
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Annese T, Tamma R, Ribatti D. IKOSA ® CAM Assay Application to Quantify Blood Vessels on Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2572:129-139. [PMID: 36161413 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2703-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among in vivo angiogenesis assays, chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay has allowed meaningful progress in elucidating the mechanism of the vasoproliferative response to several pro- and antiangiogenic factors, thanks to its low costs, relatively easy management, and lower ethical concerns compared to other animal in vivo models.Here, we present a method to quantify angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis processes in the CAM based on the segmentation of microscopic images of blood vessels. Images captured from in vivo CAM samples can be analyzed for their vascularization with IKOSA CAM Assay to measure their total area, length, mean thickness, and the number of branching points. This chapter presents a detailed protocol to perform a CAM assay and analysis, and the IKOSA CAM Assay output is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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30
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Chen YJ, Liao PX, Kuo WH, Chen CY, Ding ST, Wang MH. Assessment of Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue Activation in Mice Using PET/CT Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2662:135-145. [PMID: 37076677 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3167-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
In response to cold induction, brown adipose tissues (BAT) and emerged brown-like adipocytes (beige adipocytes) in subcutaneous white adipose tissues (WAT browning/beiging) are activated. Thermogenesis is increased during glucose and fatty acid uptake and metabolism in adult humans and mice. This activation of BAT or WAT beiging to generate heat helps to counteract diet-induced obesity. This protocol applies the glucose analog radiotracer 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), coupled with positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning to evaluate cold-induced thermogenesis in the active BAT (interscapular region) and browned/beiged WAT (subcutaneous adipose region) in mice. The PET/CT scanning technique not only can quantify cold-induced glucose uptake in well-known BAT and beige-fat depots but also helps to visualize the anatomical location of novel uncharacterized mouse BAT and beige fat where cold-induced glucose uptake is high. Histological analysis is further employed to validate signals of delineated anatomical regions in PET/CT images as bona fide mouse BAT or beiged WAT fat depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Xin Liao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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31
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In vivo imaging of brown adipose tissue vasculature reactivity during adrenergic stimulation of non-shivering thermogenesis in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21383. [PMID: 36496470 PMCID: PMC9741597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a fat tissue specialized in heat production (non-shivering thermogenesis) and used by mammals to defend core body temperature when exposed to cold. Several studies have shown that during non-shivering thermogenesis the increase in BAT oxygen demand is met by a local and specific increase in tissue's blood flow. While the vasculature of BAT has been extensively studied postmortem in rodents using histology, optical and CT imaging techniques, vasculature changes during stimulation of non-shivering thermogenesis have never been directly detected in vivo. Here, by using computed tomography (CT) angiography with gold nanoparticles we investigate, non-invasively, changes in BAT vasculature during adrenergic stimulation of non-shivering thermogenesis by norepinephrine, a vasoconstrictor known to mediate brown fat heat production, and by CL 316,243, a specific β3-adrenergic agonist also known to elicit BAT thermogenesis in rodents. We found that while CL 316,243 causes local vasodilation in BAT, with little impact on the rest of the vasculature throughout the body, norepinephrine leads to local vasodilation in addition to peripheral vasoconstriction. As a result, a significantly greater relative increase in BAT perfusion is observed following the injection of NE compared to CL. This study demonstrates the use of in vivo CT angiography as an effective tool in assessing vascular reactivity in BAT both qualitatively and quantitatively in preclinical studies.
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32
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Dahan T, Nassar S, Yajuk O, Steinberg E, Benny O, Abudi N, Plaschkes I, Benyamini H, Gozal D, Abramovitch R, Gileles-Hillel A. Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia during Sleep Causes Browning of Interscapular Adipose Tissue Accompanied by Local Insulin Resistance in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415462. [PMID: 36555109 PMCID: PMC9779339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent condition, characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH), sleep disruption, and altered autonomic nervous system function. OSA has been independently associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been suggested as a modulator of systemic glucose tolerance through adaptive thermogenesis. Reductions in BAT mass have been associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. No studies have systematically characterized the effects of chronic IH on BAT. Thus, we aimed to delineate IH effects on BAT and concomitant metabolic changes. C57BL/6J 8-week-old male mice were randomly assigned to IH during sleep (alternating 90 s cycles of 6.5% FIO2 followed by 21% FIO2) or normoxia (room air, RA) for 10 weeks. Mice were subjected to glucose tolerance testing and 18F-FDG PET-MRI towards the end of the exposures followed by BAT tissues analyses for morphological and global transcriptomic changes. Animals exposed to IH were glucose intolerant despite lower total body weight and adiposity. BAT tissues in IH-exposed mice demonstrated characteristic changes associated with "browning"-smaller lipids, increased vascularity, and a trend towards higher protein levels of UCP1. Conversely, mitochondrial DNA content and protein levels of respiratory chain complex III were reduced. Pro-inflammatory macrophages were more abundant in IH-exposed BAT. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increases in fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress pathways in IH-exposed BAT, along with a reduction in pathways related to myogenesis, hypoxia, and IL-4 anti-inflammatory response. Functionally, IH-exposed BAT demonstrated reduced absorption of glucose on PET scans and reduced phosphorylation of AKT in response to insulin. Current studies provide initial evidence for the presence of a maladaptive response of interscapular BAT in response to chronic IH mimicking OSA, resulting in a paradoxical divergence, namely, BAT browning but tissue-specific and systemic insulin resistance. We postulate that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation may underlie these dichotomous outcomes in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehila Dahan
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Shahd Nassar
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Olga Yajuk
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Eliana Steinberg
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nathalie Abudi
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Inbar Plaschkes
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - David Gozal
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Comprehensive Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, MU Children’s Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Rinat Abramovitch
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Alex Gileles-Hillel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Correspondence:
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33
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Jing X, Wu J, Dong C, Gao J, Seki T, Kim C, Urgard E, Hosaka K, Yang Y, Long S, Huang P, Zheng J, Szekely L, Zhang Y, Tao W, Coquet J, Ge M, Chen Y, Adner M, Cao Y. COVID-19 instigates adipose browning and atrophy through VEGF in small mammals. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1674-1683. [PMID: 36482111 PMCID: PMC9771808 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 frequently manifest adipose atrophy, weight loss and cachexia, which significantly contribute to poor quality of life and mortality1,2. Browning of white adipose tissue and activation of brown adipose tissue are effective processes for energy expenditure3-7; however, mechanistic and functional links between SARS-CoV-2 infection and adipose thermogenesis have not been studied. In this study, we provide experimental evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection augments adipose browning and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), which contributes to adipose atrophy and body weight loss. In mouse and hamster models, SARS-CoV-2 infection activates brown adipose tissue and instigates a browning or beige phenotype of white adipose tissues, including augmented NST. This browning phenotype was also observed in post-mortem adipose tissue of four patients who died of COVID-19. Mechanistically, high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the adipose tissue induces adipose browning through vasculature-adipocyte interaction. Inhibition of VEGF blocks COVID-19-induced adipose tissue browning and NST and partially prevents infection-induced body weight loss. Our data suggest that the browning of adipose tissues induced by COVID-19 can contribute to adipose tissue atrophy and weight loss observed during infection. Inhibition of VEGF signaling may represent an effective approach for preventing and treating COVID-19-associated weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jieyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caijuan Dong
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changil Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Egon Urgard
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siwen Long
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Laszlo Szekely
- Department of Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuanting Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mikael Adner
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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34
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Christen L, Broghammer H, Rapöhn I, Möhlis K, Strehlau C, Ribas‐Latre A, Gebhardt C, Roth L, Krause K, Landgraf K, Körner A, Rohde‐Zimmermann K, Hoffmann A, Klöting N, Ghosh A, Sun W, Dong H, Wolfrum C, Rassaf T, Hendgen‐Cotta UB, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Heiker JT, Weiner J. Myoglobin-mediated lipid shuttling increases adrenergic activation of brown and white adipocyte metabolism and is as a marker of thermogenic adipocytes in humans. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1108. [PMID: 36480426 PMCID: PMC9731393 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruitment and activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) results in increased energy expenditure (EE) via thermogenesis and represents an intriguing therapeutic approach to combat obesity and treat associated diseases. Thermogenesis requires an increased and efficient supply of energy substrates and oxygen to the BAT. The hemoprotein myoglobin (MB) is primarily expressed in heart and skeletal muscle fibres, where it facilitates oxygen storage and flux to the mitochondria during exercise. In the last years, further contributions of MB have been assigned to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the regulation of cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels and also lipid binding. There is a substantial expression of MB in BAT, which is induced during brown adipocyte differentiation and BAT activation. This suggests MB as a previously unrecognized player in BAT contributing to thermogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS This study analyzed the consequences of MB expression in BAT on mitochondrial function and thermogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Using MB overexpressing, knockdown or knockout adipocytes, we show that expression levels of MB control brown adipocyte mitochondrial respiratory capacity and acute response to adrenergic stimulation, signalling and lipolysis. Overexpression in white adipocytes also increases their metabolic activity. Mutation of lipid interacting residues in MB abolished these beneficial effects of MB. In vivo, whole-body MB knockout resulted in impaired thermoregulation and cold- as well as drug-induced BAT activation in mice. In humans, MB is differentially expressed in subcutaneous (SC) and visceral (VIS) adipose tissue (AT) depots, differentially regulated by the state of obesity and higher expressed in AT samples that exhibit higher thermogenic potential. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate for the first time a functional relevance of MBs lipid binding properties and establish MB as an important regulatory element of thermogenic capacity in brown and likely beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Christen
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Helen Broghammer
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Inka Rapöhn
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Kevin Möhlis
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Christian Strehlau
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Aleix Ribas‐Latre
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Claudia Gebhardt
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Lisa Roth
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL)University Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL)University Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Kerstin Rohde‐Zimmermann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular MedicineWest German Heart and Vascular CenterMedical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Ulrike B. Hendgen‐Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular MedicineWest German Heart and Vascular CenterMedical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - John T. Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
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35
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Fischer AW, Jaeckstein MY, Heeren J. Lysosomal acid lipase promotes endothelial proliferation in cold-activated adipose tissue. Adipocyte 2022; 11:28-33. [PMID: 34957913 PMCID: PMC8726628 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.2013416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative tissues such as brown adipose tissue and muscle internalize large amounts of circulating lipids and glucose as energy source. Endothelial cells (ECs) provide a platform for regulated transport and processing of blood-borne nutrients. Next to this role, it has become recognized that intercellular crosstalk between ECs and underlying parenchymal cells is indispensable for maintenance of tissue homoeostasis. Here, we comment on our recent observation that capillary ECs in thermogenic adipose tissues take up and metabolize entire triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particles in response to cold exposure. This process is dependent on CD36, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL). Remarkably, loss of LAL specifically in endothelial cells results in impaired endothelial proliferation and diminished thermogenic adaptation. Mechanistically, cell culture experiments indicate that LAL-mediated TRL processing leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn activate hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-mediated proliferative responses. In the current manuscript, we provide in vivo evidence that LAL-deficiency impairs proliferation of endothelial cells in thermogenic adipose tissue. In addition, we show uptake of nanoparticle-labelled TRL and LAL expression in cardiac endothelial cells, suggesting a physiological function of endothelial lipoprotein processing not only in thermogenic adipose tissue but also in cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Y. Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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36
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Cao Y. Blood vessels in fat tissues and vasculature-derived signals in controlling lipid metabolism and metabolic disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2647-2652. [PMID: 36382988 PMCID: PMC9943976 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, China
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37
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Li M, Tang X, Liao Z, Shen C, Cheng R, Fang M, Wang G, Li Y, Tang S, Xie L, Zhang Z, Kamau PM, Mwangi J, Lu Q, Li Y, Wang Y, MacKeigan DT, Cerenzia EG, Ni H, Lai R. Hypoxia and low temperature upregulate transferrin to induce hypercoagulability at high altitude. Blood 2022; 140:2063-2075. [PMID: 36040436 PMCID: PMC10653030 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown significantly increased thromboembolic events at high altitude. We recently reported that transferrin could potentiate blood coagulation, but the underlying mechanism for high altitude-related thromboembolism is still poorly understood. Here, we examined the activity and concentration of plasma coagulation factors and transferrin in plasma collected from long-term human residents and short-stay mice exposed to varying altitudes. We found that the activities of thrombin and factor XIIa (FXIIa) along with the concentrations of transferrin were significantly increased in the plasma of humans and mice at high altitudes. Furthermore, both hypoxia (6% O2) and low temperature (0°C), 2 critical high-altitude factors, enhanced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels to promote the expression of the transferrin gene, whose enhancer region contains HIF-1α binding site, and consequently, to induce hypercoagulability by potentiating thrombin and FXIIa. Importantly, thromboembolic disorders and pathological insults in mouse models induced by both hypoxia and low temperature were ameliorated by transferrin interferences, including transferrin antibody treatment, transferrin downregulation, and the administration of our designed peptides that inhibit the potentiation of transferrin on thrombin and FXIIa. Thus, low temperature and hypoxia upregulated transferrin expression-promoted hypercoagulability. Our data suggest that targeting the transferrin-coagulation pathway is a novel and potentially powerful strategy against thromboembolic events caused by harmful environmental factors under high-altitude conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaopeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Institutes for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbin Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruomei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Institutes for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuzhen Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the People’s Hospital of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Shangri-La, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Institutes for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Muiruri Kamau
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - James Mwangi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiumin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Institutes for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxiong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Daniel Thomas MacKeigan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric G. Cerenzia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Sino-African Joint Research Center, and Engineering Laboratory of Peptides, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- Institutes for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Chen J, Li H, Zhang B, Xiong Z, Jin Z, Chen J, Zheng Y, Zhu X, Zhang S. ABI2-mediated MEOX2/KLF4-NANOG axis promotes liver cancer stem cell and drives tumour recurrence. Liver Int 2022; 42:2562-2576. [PMID: 36017822 PMCID: PMC9825985 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumour recurrence and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma remain challenging. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumour initiation because of their stemness characteristics. CSCs accounting for drug resistance and tumour relapse are promising therapeutic targets. We report that Abelson interactor 2 (ABI2) is a novel therapeutic target of HCC CSCs. First, ABI2 was upregulated in HCC tissues compared with liver tissues and was associated with tumour size, pathological grade, liver cirrhosis, worse prognosis and a high recurrence rate. Functional studies illustrate that ABI2 knockdown suppresses cell growth, migration, invasion and sorafenib resistance in vitro. Furthermore, ABI2 knockdown inhibited HCC sphere formation and decreased the CD24+ , CD133+ and CD326+ CSCs populations, suggesting the suppression of HCC stemness characteristics. A tumour xenograft model and limiting dilution assay demonstrated the inhibition of tumorigenicity and tumour initiation. Moreover, molecular mechanism studies showed that ABI2 recruits and directly interacts with the transcription factor MEOX2, which binds to the KLF4 and NANOG promoter regions to activate their transcription. Furthermore, overexpression of MEOX2 restored HCC malignant behaviour and the CSC population. The ABI2-mediated transcriptional axis MEOX2/KLF4-NANOG promotes HCC growth, metastasis and sorafenib resistance by maintaining the CSC population, suggesting that ABI2 is a promising CSC target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Chen
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huizi Li
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiyuan Xiong
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of General SurgeryThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of General SurgeryThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xiangnan Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Shuixing Zhang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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RNAseq Analysis of Brown Adipose Tissue and Thyroid of Newborn Lambs Subjected to Short-Term Cold Exposure Reveals Signs of Early Whitening of Adipose Tissue. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100996. [PMID: 36295898 PMCID: PMC9607389 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early postnatal period, lambs have the ability to thermoregulate body temperature via non-shivering thermogenesis through brown adipose tissue (BAT), which soon after birth begins to transform into white adipose tissue. An RNA seq approach was used to characterize the transcriptome of BAT and thyroid tissue in newborn lambs exposed to cold conditions. Fifteen newborn Romney lambs were selected and divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 3) was a control, and groups 2 and 3 (n = 6 each) were kept indoors for two days at an ambient temperature (20–22 °C) or at a cold temperature (4 °C), respectively. Sequencing was performed using a paired-end strategy through the BGISEQ-500 platform, followed by the identification of differentially expressed genes using DESeq2 and an enrichment analysis by g:Profiler. This study provides an in-depth expression network of the main characters involved in the thermogenesis and fat-whitening mechanisms that take place in the newborn lamb. Data revealed no significant differential expression of key thermogenic factors such as uncoupling protein 1, suggesting that the heat production peak under cold exposure might occur so rapidly and in such an immediate way that it may seem undetectable in BAT by day three of life. Moreover, these changes in expression might indicate the start of the whitening process of the adipose tissue, concluding the non-shivering thermogenesis period.
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Graña-Baumgartner A, Dukkipati VSR, Biggs PJ, Kenyon PR, Blair HT, López-Villalobos N, Ross AB. Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics of Brown Adipose Tissue and Plasma of New-Born Lambs Subjected to Short-Term Cold Exposure. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202762. [PMID: 36290148 PMCID: PMC9597848 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During cold exposure, brown adipose tissue (BAT) holds the key mechanism in the generation of heat, thus inducing thermogenic adaptation in response to cooler environmental changes. This process can lead to a major lipidome remodelling in BAT, where the increase in abundance of many lipid classes plays a significant role in the thermogenic mechanisms for heat production. This study aimed to identify different types of lipids, through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), in BAT and plasma during a short-term cold challenge (2-days), or not, in new-born lambs. Fifteen new-born Romney lambs were selected randomly and divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 3) with BAT and plasma obtained within 24 h after birth, as a control; Group 2 (n = 6) kept indoors for two days at an ambient temperature (20-22 °C) and Group 3 (n = 6) kept indoors for two days at a cold temperature (4 °C). Significant differences in lipid composition of many lipid categories (such as glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and sterol lipids) were observed in BAT and plasma under cold conditions, compared with ambient conditions. Data obtained from the present study suggest that short-term cold exposure induces profound changes in BAT and plasma lipidome composition of new-born lambs, which may enhance lipid metabolism via BAT thermogenic activation and adipocyte survival during cold adaptation. Further analysis on the roles of these lipid changes, validation of potential biomarkers for BAT activity, such as LPC 18:1 and PC 35:6, should contribute to the improvement of new-born lamb survival. Collectively, these observations help broaden the knowledge on the variations of lipid composition during cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Graña-Baumgartner
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Venkata S. R. Dukkipati
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (V.S.R.D.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Patrick J. Biggs
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paul R. Kenyon
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Hugh T. Blair
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nicolás López-Villalobos
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Alastair B. Ross
- Proteins and Metabolites, AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln 7674, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (V.S.R.D.); (A.B.R.)
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Borcherding N, Jia W, Giwa R, Field RL, Moley JR, Kopecky BJ, Chan MM, Yang BQ, Sabio JM, Walker EC, Osorio O, Bredemeyer AL, Pietka T, Alexander-Brett J, Morley SC, Artyomov MN, Abumrad NA, Schilling J, Lavine K, Crewe C, Brestoff JR. Dietary lipids inhibit mitochondria transfer to macrophages to divert adipocyte-derived mitochondria into the blood. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1499-1513.e8. [PMID: 36070756 PMCID: PMC9547954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes transfer mitochondria to macrophages in white and brown adipose tissues to maintain metabolic homeostasis. In obesity, adipocyte-to-macrophage mitochondria transfer is impaired, and instead, adipocytes release mitochondria into the blood to induce a protective antioxidant response in the heart. We found that adipocyte-to-macrophage mitochondria transfer in white adipose tissue is inhibited in murine obesity elicited by a lard-based high-fat diet, but not a hydrogenated-coconut-oil-based high-fat diet, aging, or a corn-starch diet. The long-chain fatty acids enriched in lard suppress mitochondria capture by macrophages, diverting adipocyte-derived mitochondria into the blood for delivery to other organs, such as the heart. The depletion of macrophages rapidly increased the number of adipocyte-derived mitochondria in the blood. These findings suggest that dietary lipids regulate mitochondria uptake by macrophages locally in white adipose tissue to determine whether adipocyte-derived mitochondria are released into systemic circulation to support the metabolic adaptation of distant organs in response to nutrient stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Wentong Jia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rocky Giwa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachael L Field
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John R Moley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin J Kopecky
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mandy M Chan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bin Q Yang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessica M Sabio
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma C Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Omar Osorio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrea L Bredemeyer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Terri Pietka
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer Alexander-Brett
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sharon Celeste Morley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel Schilling
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kory Lavine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clair Crewe
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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42
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Zeng W, Yang F, Shen WL, Zhan C, Zheng P, Hu J. Interactions between central nervous system and peripheral metabolic organs. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1929-1958. [PMID: 35771484 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
According to Descartes, minds and bodies are distinct kinds of "substance", and they cannot have causal interactions. However, in neuroscience, the two-way interaction between the brain and peripheral organs is an emerging field of research. Several lines of evidence highlight the importance of such interactions. For example, the peripheral metabolic systems are overwhelmingly regulated by the mind (brain), and anxiety and depression greatly affect the functioning of these systems. Also, psychological stress can cause a variety of physical symptoms, such as bone loss. Moreover, the gut microbiota appears to play a key role in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Mechanistically, as the command center of the body, the brain can regulate our internal organs and glands through the autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine system, although it is generally considered to be outside the realm of voluntary control. The autonomic nervous system itself can be further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic division functions a bit like the accelerator pedal on a car, and the parasympathetic division functions as the brake. The high center of the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system is the hypothalamus, which contains several subnuclei that control several basic physiological functions, such as the digestion of food and regulation of body temperature. Also, numerous peripheral signals contribute to the regulation of brain functions. Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones, insulin, and leptin are transported into the brain, where they regulate innate behaviors such as feeding, and they are also involved in emotional and cognitive functions. The brain can recognize peripheral inflammatory cytokines and induce a transient syndrome called sick behavior (SB), characterized by fatigue, reduced physical and social activity, and cognitive impairment. In summary, knowledge of the biological basis of the interactions between the central nervous system and peripheral organs will promote the full understanding of how our body works and the rational treatment of disorders. Thus, we summarize current development in our understanding of five types of central-peripheral interactions, including neural control of adipose tissues, energy expenditure, bone metabolism, feeding involving the brain-gut axis and gut microbiota. These interactions are essential for maintaining vital bodily functions, which result in homeostasis, i.e., a natural balance in the body's systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology, and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wei L Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Han JS. Keep Hypoxia-Inducible Factor α and Stay Cool: Adipocyte HIFα regulates thermogenic execution. Mol Cells 2022; 45:534-536. [PMID: 35950454 PMCID: PMC9385570 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α)-dependent thermogenic regulation upon temperature changes. Upon cold exposure, HIF2α is stabilized and fine-tunes thermogenic activity via PKA Cα (protein kinase A catalytic subunit α) regulation. HIF2α also coordinates beige adipocyte plasticity to actively respond to temperature shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seul Han
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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44
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Abstract
While most tissues exhibit their greatest growth during development, adipose tissue is capable of additional massive expansion in adults. Adipose tissue expandability is advantageous when temporarily storing fuel for use during fasting, but becomes pathological upon continuous food intake, leading to obesity and its many comorbidities. The dense vasculature of adipose tissue provides necessary oxygen and nutrients, and supports delivery of fuel to and from adipocytes under fed or fasting conditions. Moreover, the vasculature of adipose tissue comprises a major niche for multipotent progenitor cells, which give rise to new adipocytes and are necessary for tissue repair. Given the multiple, pivotal roles of the adipose tissue vasculature, impairments in angiogenic capacity may underlie obesity-associated diseases such as diabetes and cardiometabolic disease. Exciting new studies on the single-cell and single-nuclei composition of adipose tissues in mouse and humans are providing new insights into mechanisms of adipose tissue angiogenesis. Moreover, new modes of intercellular communication involving micro vesicle and exosome transfer of proteins, nucleic acids and organelles are also being recognized to play key roles. This review focuses on new insights on the cellular and signaling mechanisms underlying adipose tissue angiogenesis, and on their impact on obesity and its pathophysiological consequences.
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45
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Patel A, Dobbins T, Kong X, Patel R, Carter G, Harding L, Sparks RP, Patel NA, Cooper DR. Induction of beige-like adipocyte markers and functions in 3T3-L1 cells by Clk1 and PKCβII inhibitory molecules. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4183-4194. [PMID: 35801494 PMCID: PMC9344812 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive dietary intake of fat results in its storage in white adipose tissue (WAT). Energy expenditure through lipid oxidation occurs in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Certain WAT depots can undergo a change termed beiging where markers that BAT express are induced. Little is known about signalling pathways inducing beiging. Here, inhibition of a signalling pathway regulating alternative pre‐mRNA splicing is involved in adipocyte beiging. Clk1/2/4 kinases regulate splicing by phosphorylating factors that process pre‐mRNA. Clk1 inhibition by TG003 results in beige‐like adipocytes highly expressing PGC1α and UCP1. SiRNA for Clk1, 2 and 4, demonstrated that Clk1 depletion increased UCP1 and PGC1α expression, whereas Clk2/4 siRNA did not. TG003‐treated adipocytes contained fewer lipid droplets, are smaller, and contain more mitochondria, resulting in proton leak increases. Additionally, inhibition of PKCβII activity, a splice variant regulated by Clk1, increased beiging. PGC1α is a substrate for both Clk1 and PKCβII kinases, and we surmised that inhibition of PGC1α phosphorylation resulted in beiging of adipocytes. We show that TG003 binds Clk1 more than Clk2/4 through direct binding, and PGC1α binds to Clk1 at a site close to TG003. Furthermore, we show that TG003 is highly specific for Clk1 across hundreds of kinases in our activity screen. Hence, Clk1 inhibition becomes a target for induction of beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tradd Dobbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rehka Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gay Carter
- J.A. Haley Research Service, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Linette Harding
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert P Sparks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Niketa A Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.,J.A. Haley Research Service, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Denise R Cooper
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.,J.A. Haley Research Service, Tampa, Florida, USA
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46
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Adipocyte HIF2α functions as a thermostat via PKA Cα regulation in beige adipocytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3268. [PMID: 35672324 PMCID: PMC9174489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic adipocytes generate heat to maintain body temperature against hypothermia in response to cold. Although tight regulation of thermogenesis is required to prevent energy sources depletion, the molecular details that tune thermogenesis are not thoroughly understood. Here, we demonstrate that adipocyte hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) plays a key role in calibrating thermogenic function upon cold and re-warming. In beige adipocytes, HIFα attenuates protein kinase A (PKA) activity, leading to suppression of thermogenic activity. Mechanistically, HIF2α suppresses PKA activity by inducing miR-3085-3p expression to downregulate PKA catalytic subunit α (PKA Cα). Ablation of adipocyte HIF2α stimulates retention of beige adipocytes, accompanied by increased PKA Cα during re-warming after cold stimuli. Moreover, administration of miR-3085-3p promotes beige-to-white transition via downregulation of PKA Cα and mitochondrial abundance in adipocyte HIF2α deficient mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that HIF2α-dependent PKA regulation plays an important role as a thermostat through dynamic remodeling of beige adipocytes. Thermogenic adipocytes maintain body temperature in response to cold, but how this is tuned during cold and re-warming is unclear. Here, the authors show HIF2α inhibits beige adipocyte retention, regulating PKA catalysis to control dynamic adipocyte remodelling.
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47
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Lin J, Zhu S, Liao Y, Liang Z, Quan Y, He Y, Cai J, Lu F. Spontaneous Browning of White Adipose Tissue Improves Angiogenesis and Reduces Macrophage Infiltration After Fat Grafting in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845158. [PMID: 35557960 PMCID: PMC9087586 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fat grafting is a frequently used technique; however, its survival/ regeneration mechanism is not fully understood. The browning of white adipocytes, a process initiated in response to external stimuli, is the conversion of white to beige adipocytes. The physiologic significance of the browning of adipocytes following transplantation is unclear. Methods: C57BL/6 mice received 150 mg grafts of inguinal adipose tissue, and then the transplanted fat was harvested and analyzed at different time points to assess the browning process. To verify the role of browning of adipocytes in fat grafting, the recipient mice were allocated to three groups, which were administered CL316243 or SR59230A to stimulate or suppress browning, respectively, or a control group after transplantation. Results: Browning of the grafts was present in the center of each as early as 7 days post-transplantation. The number of beige cells peaked at day 14 and then decreased gradually until they were almost absent at day 90. The activation of browning resulted in superior angiogenesis, higher expression of the pro-angiogenic molecules vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fewer macrophages, and ultimately better graft survival (Upregulation, 59.17% ± 6.64% vs. Control, 40.33% ± 4.03%, *p < 0.05), whereas the inhibition of browning led to poor angiogenesis, lower expression of VEGF-A, increased inflammatory macrophages, and poor transplant retention at week 10 (Downregulation, 20.67% ± 3.69% vs. Control, 40.33% ± 4.03%, *p < 0.05). Conclusion: The browning of WAT following transplantation improves the survival of fat grafts by the promotion of angiogenesis and reducing macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Lu
- *Correspondence: Junrong Cai, ; Feng Lu,
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48
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The Shades of Grey in Adipose Tissue Reprogramming. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230844. [PMID: 35211733 PMCID: PMC8905306 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue (AT) has a major role in contributing to obesity-related pathologies through regulating systemic immunometabolism. The pathogenicity of the AT is underpinned by its remarkable plasticity to be reprogrammed during obesity, in the perspectives of tissue morphology, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, angiogenesis, immunometabolic homoeostasis and circadian rhythmicity. Dysregulation in these features escalates the pathogenesis conferred by this endometabolic organ. Intriguingly, the potential to be reprogrammed appears to be an Achilles’ heel of the obese AT that can be targeted for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview of the reprogramming processes of white AT (WAT), with a focus on their dynamics and pleiotropic actions over local and systemic homoeostases, followed by a discussion of potential strategies favouring therapeutic reprogramming. The potential involvement of AT remodelling in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is also discussed.
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Li Y, Fromme T. Uncoupling Protein 1 Does Not Produce Heat without Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2406. [PMID: 35269549 PMCID: PMC8910648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is the crucial mechanistic component of heat production in classical brown fat and the newly identified beige or brite fat. Thermogenesis inevitably comes at a high energetic cost and brown fat, ultimately, is an energy-wasting organ. A constrained strategy that minimizes brown fat activity unless obligate will have been favored during natural selection to safeguard metabolic thriftiness. Accordingly, UCP1 is constitutively inhibited and is inherently not leaky without activation. It follows that increasing brown adipocyte number or UCP1 abundance genetically or pharmacologically does not lead to an automatic increase in thermogenesis or subsequent metabolic consequences in the absence of a plausible route of concomitant activation. Despite its apparent obviousness, this tenet is frequently ignored. Consequently, incorrect conclusions are often drawn from increased BAT or brite/beige depot mass, e.g., predicting or causally linking beneficial metabolic effects. Here, we highlight the inherently inactive nature of UCP1, with a particular emphasis on the molecular brakes and releases of UCP1 activation under physiological conditions. These controls of UCP1 activity represent potential targets of therapeutic interventions to unlock constraints and efficiently harness the energy-expending potential of brown fat to prevent and treat obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Sakers A, De Siqueira MK, Seale P, Villanueva CJ. Adipose-tissue plasticity in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:419-446. [PMID: 35120662 PMCID: PMC11152570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, colloquially known as "fat," is an extraordinarily flexible and heterogeneous organ. While historically viewed as a passive site for energy storage, we now appreciate that adipose tissue regulates many aspects of whole-body physiology, including food intake, maintenance of energy levels, insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune responses. A crucial property of adipose tissue is its high degree of plasticity. Physiologic stimuli induce dramatic alterations in adipose-tissue metabolism, structure, and phenotype to meet the needs of the organism. Limitations to this plasticity cause diminished or aberrant responses to physiologic cues and drive the progression of cardiometabolic disease along with other pathological consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mirian Krystel De Siqueira
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA.
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