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Festa RA, Cockerill FR, Pesano RL, Haley E, Luke N, Mathur M, Chen X, Havrilla J, Percaccio M, Magallon J, Erickson S, Ghashghaie M, Rosas A, Baunoch D. Pooled Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing for Polymicrobial UTI Performs Within CLSI Validation Standards. Antibiotics (Basel) 2025; 14:143. [PMID: 40001387 PMCID: PMC11852178 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose an increasing risk of antimicrobial resistance, and novel diagnostic tests have been developed to address the limitations of standard urine culture in these cases. It is important that these novel tests be validated for agreement and error rates against the standard antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods. METHODS Polymicrobial (≥two non-fastidious microorganisms) consecutive clinical urine specimens submitted for UTI diagnostic testing were included in this analysis. Specimens were tested with Pooled Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (P-AST) and with broth microdilution/disk diffusion (BMD/DD) in parallel. Performance characteristics, such as essential agreement (EA%), very major errors (VMEs), and major errors (MEs), were assessed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. Specimens with P-AST-resistant and BMD/DD consensus-sensitive results were assessed for heteroresistance. Real-world clinical sample data were used to assess associations between increasing organism counts and average "sensitive" antibiotic count per sample. RESULTS The essential agreement between P-AST and standard isolate AST was ≥90%, VMEs were <2.0%, and MEs were <3.0%, meeting the CLSI guidelines for AST verification and validation studies. When heteroresistance was accounted for, overall VMEs and MEs were both <1.5%. The presence of additional non-fastidious organisms dropped the number of average "sensitive" antibiotics from 9.8 with one organism to 2.5 with five or more organisms. The presence of fastidious organisms did not have any meaningful impact. CONCLUSIONS P-AST, a component of the Guidance® UTI assay (Pathnostics, Irvine, CA, USA), performed within CLSI standards for AST in polymicrobial UTI diagnostic urine specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Festa
- Department of Research and Development, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (R.A.F.); (M.P.); (J.M.); (S.E.); (M.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Frank R. Cockerill
- Partner, Trusted Health Advisors, Orange, CA 92675, USA; (F.R.C.); (R.L.P.)
| | - Rick L. Pesano
- Partner, Trusted Health Advisors, Orange, CA 92675, USA; (F.R.C.); (R.L.P.)
| | - Emery Haley
- Department of Clinical Research, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (E.H.); (N.L.)
| | - Natalie Luke
- Department of Clinical Research, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (E.H.); (N.L.)
| | - Mohit Mathur
- Department of Medical Affairs, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Data and AI, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (X.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jim Havrilla
- Department of Data and AI, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (X.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Michael Percaccio
- Department of Research and Development, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (R.A.F.); (M.P.); (J.M.); (S.E.); (M.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Jesus Magallon
- Department of Research and Development, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (R.A.F.); (M.P.); (J.M.); (S.E.); (M.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Shane Erickson
- Department of Research and Development, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (R.A.F.); (M.P.); (J.M.); (S.E.); (M.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Mandana Ghashghaie
- Department of Research and Development, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (R.A.F.); (M.P.); (J.M.); (S.E.); (M.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Alain Rosas
- Department of Research and Development, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (R.A.F.); (M.P.); (J.M.); (S.E.); (M.G.); (A.R.)
| | - David Baunoch
- Department of Research and Development, Pathnostics, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (R.A.F.); (M.P.); (J.M.); (S.E.); (M.G.); (A.R.)
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Ostermann G, Körber-Irrgang B, Krüger A, Singh P, Vo K, Gielen J, Aurbach U, Wisplinghoff H, Jazmati N. Performance evaluation of the Specific Reveal system for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing from positive blood cultures containing Gram-negative pathogens. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0069224. [PMID: 39545740 PMCID: PMC11633213 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00692-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid antimicrobial drug administration is crucial for the efficient treatment of sepsis or septic shock, but empirical therapy is limited by the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Thus, rapid and reliable antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is needed to start appropriate antimicrobial drug administration as quickly as possible. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of the Reveal rapid AST system. From February to April 2021, 102 positive blood culture bottles (BCBs) from hospitalized patients with bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacteria were included in the study. All isolates were tested by the Reveal system directly from the positive BCBs in comparison to the DxM MicroScan WalkAway. Essential agreement (EA) and category agreement (CA) were high with 98.5% and 97.1%, respectively. We also determined the susceptibility of 10 highly resistant CDC & FDA AR strains in duplicate. Here, EA was 99.6% and CA 97.9%. The average time to result by Reveal was 5.4 h ± 1.2 h compared to an average of 16 h by DxM MicroScan WalkAway for clinical strains and 3.8 h ± 1.2 h for more resistant CDC & FDA AR strains. Susceptibility determination with the Reveal rapid AST system directly from positive BCBs is for the frequently represented bug-drug combinations a reliable and accurate approach, meeting the European ISO guideline for the performance of AST systems. Moreover, AST directly from blood cultures performed with the Reveal system saves time when compared to the conventional AST, as no subculturing is needed and time to result is very short.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Krüger
- Wisplinghoff Laboratories, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Kenny Vo
- Cellular Longevity, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jörg Gielen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Hilmar Wisplinghoff
- Wisplinghoff Laboratories, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Virology and Medical Microbiology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Nathalie Jazmati
- Wisplinghoff Laboratories, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Alonso-Tarrés C, Benjumea Moreno C, Navarro F, Habison AC, Gonzàlez-Bertran E, Blanco F, Borràs J, Garrigó M, Saker J. Bacteriuria and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing in 45 min by point-of-care Sysmex PA-100 System: first clinical evaluation. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1533-1543. [PMID: 38825624 PMCID: PMC11271345 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the results of the new Sysmex PA-100 AST System, a point-of-care analyser, with routine microbiology for the detection of urinary tract infections (UTI) and performance of antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) directly from urine. METHODS Native urine samples from 278 female patients with suspected uncomplicated UTI were tested in the Sysmex PA-100 and with reference methods of routine microbiology: urine culture for bacteriuria and disc diffusion for AST. RESULTS The analyser delivered bacteriuria results in 15 min and AST results within 45 min. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of microbiologically confirmed bacteriuria were 84.0% (89/106; 95% CI: 75.6-90.4%) and 99.4% (155/156; 95% CI: 96.5-100%), respectively, for bacterial species within the analyser specifications. These are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, which are common species causing uncomplicated UTI. Overall categorical agreement (OCA) for AST results for the five antimicrobials tested in the Sysmex PA-100 (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim) ranged from 85.4% (70/82; 95%CI: 75.9-92.2%) for ciprofloxacin to 96.4% (81/84; 95% CI: 89.9-99.3%) for trimethoprim. The Sysmex PA-100 provided an optimal treatment recommendation in 218/278 cases (78.4%), against 162/278 (58.3%) of clinical decisions. CONCLUSION This first clinical evaluation of the Sysmex PA-100 in a near-patient setting demonstrated that the analyser delivers phenotypic AST results within 45 min, which could enable rapid initiation of the correct targeted treatment with no further adjustment needed. The Sysmex PA-100 has the potential to significantly reduce ineffective or unnecessary antibiotic prescription in patients with UTI symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Alonso-Tarrés
- Microbiology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, C/Cartagena 340-350, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Ferran Navarro
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aline C Habison
- New Business Development Department, Sysmex Europe SE, Norderstedt, Germany
| | | | | | - Jaume Borràs
- Emergency Unit, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Garrigó
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jarob Saker
- Medical Scientific Department, Sysmex Europe SE, Norderstedt, Germany
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Krüger A, Körber-Irrgang B, Flüh G, Gielen J, Scholz CJ, Wisplinghoff H, Jazmati N. Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Using the MicroScan System: Performance Evaluation of a 4-Hour Bacterial Cultivation From Positive Blood Cultures. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:261. [PMID: 38981918 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
A reliable and above all, rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) is required for the diganostics of blood stream infections (BSI). In this study, resistance testing using DxM MicroScan WalkAway (MicroScan) from a 4-h subculture is compared with the standard overnight culture (18-24 h). Randomly selected positive blood cultures (PBC, n = 102) with gram-negative bacteria were included in the study. PBC were sub-cultured onto appropriate agar plates and AST by MicroScan was performed after 4 h of incubation and repeated after incubation for 18-24 h as standard. In a total of 1909 drug-strain pairs, the 4-h subculture approach showed a very high essential agreement (EA) (98.6%) and categorical agreement (CA) (97.1%) compared with the standard. The incidence of minor error (mE), major error (ME), very major error (VME), and adjusted very major error (aVME) was 1.1%, 0.4%, 12.9%, and 5.3%, respectively. In summary, the use of 4-h subcultures for resistance testing with the MicroScan offers a very reliable and easy to realize time saving when testing positive blood cultures with gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Krüger
- Wisplinghoff Laboratories, Horbeller Straße 18-20, 50858, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstr, 19-21, 50935, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | - Greta Flüh
- Wisplinghoff Laboratories, Horbeller Straße 18-20, 50858, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Gielen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstr, 19-21, 50935, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Hilmar Wisplinghoff
- Wisplinghoff Laboratories, Horbeller Straße 18-20, 50858, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Virology and Medical Microbiology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Nathalie Jazmati
- Wisplinghoff Laboratories, Horbeller Straße 18-20, 50858, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstr, 19-21, 50935, Cologne, Germany
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Chindelevitch L, van Dongen M, Graz H, Pedrotta A, Suresh A, Uplekar S, Jauneikaite E, Wheeler N. Ten simple rules for the sharing of bacterial genotype-Phenotype data on antimicrobial resistance. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011129. [PMID: 37347768 PMCID: PMC10286994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of high-throughput sequencing (frequently termed next-generation sequencing (NGS)) data has created opportunities to gain deeper insights into the mechanisms of a number of diseases and is already impacting many areas of medicine and public health. The area of infectious diseases stands somewhat apart from other human diseases insofar as the relevant genomic data comes from the microbes rather than their human hosts. A particular concern about the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has driven the collection and reporting of large-scale datasets containing information from microbial genomes together with antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results. Unfortunately, the lack of clear standards or guiding principles for the reporting of such data is hampering the field's advancement. We therefore present our recommendations for the publication and sharing of genotype and phenotype data on AMR, in the form of 10 simple rules. The adoption of these recommendations will enhance AMR data interoperability and help enable its large-scale analyses using computational biology tools, including mathematical modelling and machine learning. We hope that these rules can shed light on often overlooked but nonetheless very necessary aspects of AMR data sharing and enhance the field's ability to address the problems of understanding AMR mechanisms, tracking their emergence and spread in populations, and predicting microbial susceptibility to antimicrobials for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Chindelevitch
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College, London, England, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Anita Suresh
- FIND, the global alliance for diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Swapna Uplekar
- FIND, the global alliance for diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elita Jauneikaite
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College, London, England, United Kingdom
- NIHR HPRU in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Wheeler
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
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Kim JI, Maguire F, Tsang KK, Gouliouris T, Peacock SJ, McAllister TA, McArthur AG, Beiko RG. Machine Learning for Antimicrobial Resistance Prediction: Current Practice, Limitations, and Clinical Perspective. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0017921. [PMID: 35612324 PMCID: PMC9491192 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00179-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis that poses a great threat to modern medicine. Effective prevention strategies are urgently required to slow the emergence and further dissemination of AMR. Given the availability of data sets encompassing hundreds or thousands of pathogen genomes, machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used to predict resistance to different antibiotics in pathogens based on gene content and genome composition. A key objective of this work is to advocate for the incorporation of ML into front-line settings but also highlight the further refinements that are necessary to safely and confidently incorporate these methods. The question of what to predict is not trivial given the existence of different quantitative and qualitative laboratory measures of AMR. ML models typically treat genes as independent predictors, with no consideration of structural and functional linkages; they also may not be accurate when new mutational variants of known AMR genes emerge. Finally, to have the technology trusted by end users in public health settings, ML models need to be transparent and explainable to ensure that the basis for prediction is clear. We strongly advocate that the next set of AMR-ML studies should focus on the refinement of these limitations to be able to bridge the gap to diagnostic implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee In Kim
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Finlay Maguire
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kara K. Tsang
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theodore Gouliouris
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Public Health England, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon J. Peacock
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Andrew G. McArthur
- David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Robert G. Beiko
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Fox LJ, Kelly PP, Humphreys GJ, Waigh TA, Lu JR, McBain AJ. Assessing the risk of resistance to cationic biocides incorporating realism-based and biophysical approaches. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 49:kuab074. [PMID: 34718634 PMCID: PMC9113109 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The control of microorganisms is a key objective in disease prevention and in medical, industrial, domestic, and food-production environments. Whilst the effectiveness of biocides in these contexts is well-evidenced, debate continues about the resistance risks associated with their use. This has driven an increased regulatory burden, which in turn could result in a reduction of both the deployment of current biocides and the development of new compounds and formulas. Efforts to balance risk and benefit are therefore of critical importance and should be underpinned by realistic methods and a multi-disciplinary approach, and through objective and critical analyses of the literature. The current literature on this topic can be difficult to navigate. Much of the evidence for potential issues of resistance generation by biocides is based on either correlation analysis of isolated bacteria, where reports of treatment failure are generally uncommon, or laboratory studies that do not necessarily represent real biocide applications. This is complicated by inconsistencies in the definition of the term resistance. Similar uncertainties also apply to cross-resistance between biocides and antibiotics. Risk assessment studies that can better inform practice are required. The resulting knowledge can be utilised by multiple stakeholders including those tasked with new product development, regulatory authorities, clinical practitioners, and the public. This review considers current evidence for resistance and cross-resistance and outlines efforts to increase realism in risk assessment. This is done in the background of the discussion of the mode of application of biocides and the demonstrable benefits as well as the potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Fox
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Schuster Building, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul P Kelly
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gavin J Humphreys
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Thomas A Waigh
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Schuster Building, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jian R Lu
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Schuster Building, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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8
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Impact of the introduction of EUCAST's concept of "area of technical uncertainty". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 41:203-207. [PMID: 34654985 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
On the first of January 2019, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, EUCAST, introduced the concept of "area of technical uncertainty" (ATU). The aim was to report on the incidence of ATU test results in a selection of common bacterial species and the subsequent impact on antimicrobial resistance categorization and workload. A retrospective analysis of clinical samples collected from February 2019 until November 2019 was performed. Susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and piperacillin-tazobactam in Enterobacterales (Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.), piperacillin-tazobactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime in Haemophilus influenzae was studied. Disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing was read and interpreted by ADAGIO 93400 automated system (Bio-Rad, France). In case of an inhibition zone in the ATU, strains were retested using gradient minimal inhibitory concentration method (Etest, BioMérieux, France). Overall, 14,164 isolate-antibiotic combinations were tested in 7922 isolates, resulting in 1204 (8.5%) disk zone diameters in the ATU region. Retesting of ATUs with Etest resulted in a category change from S to R for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in 63/498 (12.7%) of Escherichia spp., 2/58 (3.4%) of Klebsiella spp., 2/37 (5.4%) of Proteus spp., and 6/125 (4.8%) of Haemophilus influenzae. For piperacillin-tazobactam, a category change from S to R was found in 33/92 (35.9%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We conclude that ATU testing has a substantial impact on the correct interpretation of antimicrobial resistance, at the expense of turn-around time and with the cost of additional workload.
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9
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Baquer F, Ali Sawan A, Auzou M, Grillon A, Jaulhac B, Join-Lambert O, Boyer PH. Broth Microdilution and Gradient Diffusion Strips vs. Reference Agar Dilution Method: First Evaluation for Clostridiales Species Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080975. [PMID: 34439025 PMCID: PMC8388896 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobes is challenging. Because MIC determination is recommended by both CLSI and EUCAST, commercial broth microdilution and diffusion strip tests have been developed. The reliability of broth microdilution methods has not been assessed yet using the agar dilution reference method. In this work, we evaluated two broth microdilution kits (MICRONAUT-S Anaerobes® MIC and Sensititre Anaerobe MIC®) and one gradient diffusion strip method (Liofilchem®) for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 47 Clostridiales isolates (Clostridium, Clostridioides and Hungatella species) using the agar dilution method as a reference. The evaluation focused on comparing six antimicrobial molecules available in both microdilution kits. Analytical performances were evaluated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations. Essential agreements (EA) and categorical agreements (CA) varied greatly according to the molecule and the evaluated method. Vancomycin had values of essential and categorical agreements above 90% for the three methods. The CA fulfilled the FDA criteria for three major molecules in the treatment of Gram-positive anaerobic infections (metronidazole, piperacillin/tazobactam and vancomycin). The highest rate of error was observed for clindamycin. Multicenter studies are needed to further validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Baquer
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Strasbourg University Hospital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (F.B.); (A.A.S.); (A.G.); (B.J.)
| | - Asma Ali Sawan
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Strasbourg University Hospital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (F.B.); (A.A.S.); (A.G.); (B.J.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michel Auzou
- Research Group on Microbial Adaptation GRAM 2.0, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Caen University Hospital of Caen, UniCaen-UniRouen, F-14033 Caen, France; (M.A.); (O.J.-L.)
| | - Antoine Grillon
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Strasbourg University Hospital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (F.B.); (A.A.S.); (A.G.); (B.J.)
- Institute of Bacteriology, University of Strasbourg, UR7290, ITI InnoVec, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberlé, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoît Jaulhac
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Strasbourg University Hospital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (F.B.); (A.A.S.); (A.G.); (B.J.)
- Institute of Bacteriology, University of Strasbourg, UR7290, ITI InnoVec, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberlé, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Join-Lambert
- Research Group on Microbial Adaptation GRAM 2.0, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Caen University Hospital of Caen, UniCaen-UniRouen, F-14033 Caen, France; (M.A.); (O.J.-L.)
| | - Pierre H. Boyer
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Strasbourg University Hospital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; (F.B.); (A.A.S.); (A.G.); (B.J.)
- Institute of Bacteriology, University of Strasbourg, UR7290, ITI InnoVec, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberlé, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence:
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