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Satheesh Kumar J, Vinoth Kumar V, Mahesh TR, Alqahtani MS, Prabhavathy P, Manikandan K, Guluwadi S. Detection of Marchiafava Bignami disease using distinct deep learning techniques in medical diagnostics. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:100. [PMID: 38684964 PMCID: PMC11059769 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect the Marchiafava Bignami Disease (MBD) using a distinct deep learning technique. BACKGROUND Advanced deep learning methods are becoming more crucial in contemporary medical diagnostics, particularly for detecting intricate and uncommon neurological illnesses such as MBD. This rare neurodegenerative disorder, sometimes associated with persistent alcoholism, is characterized by the loss of myelin or tissue death in the corpus callosum. It poses significant diagnostic difficulties owing to its infrequency and the subtle signs it exhibits in its first stages, both clinically and on radiological scans. METHODS The novel method of Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) in conjunction with attention mechanisms is used to identify MBD peculiar diseases accurately. VAEs are well-known for their proficiency in unsupervised learning and anomaly detection. They excel at analyzing extensive brain imaging datasets to uncover subtle patterns and abnormalities that traditional diagnostic approaches may overlook, especially those related to specific diseases. The use of attention mechanisms enhances this technique, enabling the model to concentrate on the most crucial elements of the imaging data, similar to the discerning observation of a skilled radiologist. Thus, we utilized the VAE with attention mechanisms in this study to detect MBD. Such a combination enables the prompt identification of MBD and assists in formulating more customized and efficient treatment strategies. RESULTS A significant breakthrough in this field is the creation of a VAE equipped with attention mechanisms, which has shown outstanding performance by achieving accuracy rates of over 90% in accurately differentiating MBD from other neurodegenerative disorders. CONCLUSION This model, which underwent training using a diverse range of MRI images, has shown a notable level of sensitivity and specificity, significantly minimizing the frequency of false positive results and strengthening the confidence and dependability of these sophisticated automated diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Satheesh Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - V Vinoth Kumar
- School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - T R Mahesh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JAIN (Deemed-to-Be University), Bengaluru, 562112, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Prabhavathy
- School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - K Manikandan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCOPE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Suresh Guluwadi
- Adama Science and Technology University, 302120, Adama, Ethiopia.
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M Arabi E, S Ahmed K, S Mohra A. Advanced Diagnostic Technique for Alzheimer's Disease using MRI Top-Ranked Volume and Surface-based Features. J Biomed Phys Eng 2022; 12:569-582. [PMID: 36569569 PMCID: PMC9759646 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2112-1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most dominant type of dementia that has not been treated completely yet. Few Alzheimer's patients are correctly diagnosed on time. Therefore, diagnostic tools are needed for better and more efficient diagnoses. Objective This study aimed to develop an efficient automated method to differentiate Alzheimer's patients from normal elderly and present the essential features with accurate Alzheimer's diagnosis. Material and Methods In this analytical study, 154 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, preprocessed, and normalized by the head size for extracting features (volume, cortical thickness, Sulci depth, and Gyrification Index Features (GIF). Relief-F algorithm, t-test, and one way-ANOVA were used for feature ranking to obtain the most effective features representing the AD for the classification process. Finally, in the classification step, four classifiers were used with 10 folds cross-validation as follows: Gaussian Support Vector Machine (GSVM), Linear Support Vector Machine (LSVM), Weighted K-Nearest Neighbors (W-KNN), and Decision Tree algorithm. Results The LSVM classifier and W-KNN produce a testing accuracy of 100% with only seven features. Additionally, GSVM and decision tree produce a testing accuracy of 97.83% and 93.48%, respectively. Conclusion The proposed system represents an automatic and highly accurate AD detection with a few reliable and effective features and minimum time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M Arabi
- MSc, Department of Electrical Engineering, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Khaled S Ahmed
- PhD, Department of Electrical Engineering, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S Mohra
- PhD, Department of Electrical Engineering, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Radiomic Features Based Severity Prediction in Dementia MR Images Using Hybrid SSA-PSO Optimizer and Multi-class SVM Classifier. Ing Rech Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zheng S, Wang H, Han F, Chu J, Zhang F, Zhang X, Shi Y, Zhang L. Detection of Microstructural Medial Prefrontal Cortex Changes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Texture Analysis in a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Rat Model. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:805851. [PMID: 35530016 PMCID: PMC9068999 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.805851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiomics is characterized by high-throughput extraction of texture features from medical images and the mining of information that can potentially be used to define neuroimaging markers in many neurological or psychiatric diseases. However, there have been few studies concerning MRI radiomics in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study's aims were to appraise changes in microstructure of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in a PTSD animal model, specifically single-prolonged stress (SPS) rats, by using MRI texture analysis. The feasibility of using a radiomics approach to classify PTSD rats was examined. METHODS Morris water maze and elevated plus maze were used to assess behavioral changes in the rats. Two hundred and sixty two texture features were extracted from each region of interest in T2-weighted images. Stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and LASSO regression were used to perform feature selection and radiomics signature building to identify mPFC radiomics signatures consisting of optimal features, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve plots were used to evaluate the classification performance. Immunofluorescence techniques were used to examine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) in the mPFC. Nuclear pycnosis was detected using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. RESULTS Behavioral results indicated decreased learning and spatial memory performance and increased anxiety-like behavior after SPS stimulation. SDA analysis showed that the general non-cross-validated and cross-validated discrimination accuracies were 86.5% and 80.4%. After LASSO dimensionality reduction, 10 classification models were established. For classifying PTSD rats between the control and each SPS group, these models achieved AUCs of 0.944, 0.950, 0.959, and 0.936. Among four SPS groups, the AUCs were 0.927, 0.943, 0.967, 0.916, 0.932, and 0.893, respectively. The number of GFAP-positive cells and intensity of GFAP-IR within the mPFC increased 1 day after SPS treatment, and then decreased. The intensity of NeuN-IR and number of NeuN-positive cells significantly decreased from 1 to 14 days after SPS stimulation. The brightness levels of DAPI-stained nuclei increased in SPS groups. CONCLUSION Non-invasive MRI radiomics features present an efficient and sensitive way to detect microstructural changes in the mPFC after SPS stimulation, and they could potentially serve as a novel neuroimaging marker in PTSD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Fang Han
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Sciences College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianyi Chu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xianglin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuxiu Shi
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Sciences College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Simultaneous brain structure segmentation in magnetic resonance images using deep convolutional neural networks. Radiol Phys Technol 2021; 14:358-365. [PMID: 34338999 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-021-00633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, rapidly acquired two-dimensional (2D) T1-weighted sagittal slices are typically used to confirm brainstem atrophy and the presence of signals in the posterior pituitary gland. Image segmentation is essential for the automatic evaluation of chronological changes in the brainstem and pituitary gland. Thus, the purpose of our study was to use deep learning to automatically segment internal organs (brainstem, corpus callosum, pituitary, cerebrum, and cerebellum) in midsagittal slices of 2D T1-weighted images. Deep learning for the automatic segmentation of seven regions in the images was accomplished using two different methods: patch-based segmentation and semantic segmentation. The networks used for patch-based segmentation were AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and ResNet50, whereas semantic segmentation was accomplished using SegNet, VGG16-weighted SegNet, and U-Net. The precision and Jaccard index were calculated, and the extraction accuracy of the six convolutional network (DCNN) systems was evaluated. The highest precision (0.974) was obtained with the VGG16-weighted SegNet, and the lowest precision (0.506) was obtained with ResNet50. Based on the data, calculation times, and Jaccard indices obtained in this study, segmentation on a 2D image may be considered a viable and effective approach. We found that the optimal automatic segmentation of organs (brainstem, corpus callosum, pituitary, cerebrum, and cerebellum) on brain sagittal T1-weighted images could be achieved using SegNet with VGG16.
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Won SY, Park YW, Park M, Ahn SS, Kim J, Lee SK. Quality Reporting of Radiomics Analysis in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Roadmap for Moving Forward. Korean J Radiol 2020; 21:1345-1354. [PMID: 33169553 PMCID: PMC7689149 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate radiomics analysis in studies on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) using a radiomics quality score (RQS) system to establish a roadmap for further improvement in clinical use. Materials and Methods PubMed MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched using the terms ‘cognitive impairment’ or ‘Alzheimer’ or ‘dementia’ and ‘radiomic’ or ‘texture’ or ‘radiogenomic’ for articles published until March 2020. From 258 articles, 26 relevant original research articles were selected. Two neuroradiologists assessed the quality of the methodology according to the RQS. Adherence rates for the following six key domains were evaluated: image protocol and reproducibility, feature reduction and validation, biologic/clinical utility, performance index, high level of evidence, and open science. Results The hippocampus was the most frequently analyzed (46.2%) anatomical structure. Of the 26 studies, 16 (61.5%) used an open source database (14 from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and 2 from Open Access Series of Imaging Studies). The mean RQS was 3.6 out of 36 (9.9%), and the basic adherence rate was 27.6%. Only one study (3.8%) performed external validation. The adherence rate was relatively high for reporting the imaging protocol (96.2%), multiple segmentation (76.9%), discrimination statistics (69.2%), and open science and data (65.4%) but low for conducting test-retest analysis (7.7%) and biologic correlation (3.8%). None of the studies stated potential clinical utility, conducted a phantom study, performed cut-off analysis or calibration statistics, was a prospective study, or conducted cost-effectiveness analysis, resulting in a low level of evidence. Conclusion The quality of radiomics reporting in MCI and AD studies is suboptimal. Validation is necessary using external dataset, and improvements need to be made to feature reproducibility, feature selection, clinical utility, model performance index, and pursuits of a higher level of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Won
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yae Won Park
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Mina Park
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinna Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Rohini P, Sundar S, Ramakrishnan S. Differentiation of early mild cognitive impairment in brainstem MR images using multifractal detrended moving average singularity spectral features. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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